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过去完成时过去完成时 1 过去完成时的定义 过去完成时表示在过去了的某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作,其实质就是“过去的过去”。例如: When the teacher came into the classroom,Liu Hong had gone home. 当老师走进教室时,刘红已经回家了。(“回家”发生在过去的动作“走进”之前) 2过去完成时的构成 例如: I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上学期期末为止我已经学了2,...

过去完成时
过去完成时 1 过去完成时的定义 过去完成时表示在过去了的某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作,其实质就是“过去的过去”。例如: When the teacher came into the classroom,Liu Hong had gone home. 当老师走进教室时,刘红已经回家了。(“回家”发生在过去的动作“走进”之前) 2过去完成时的构成 例如: I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上学期期末为止我已经学了2, 000个英语单词。 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成 3 过去完成时的基本句型 肯定式否定式疑问式简略回答I had worked I had not worked Had I worked? Yes, I had. No, hadn't. 4过去完成时的基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有: (1 )by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. (2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3 )before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。例如: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。例如: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn?t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如: I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。 She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。 (5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。 1 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 (6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如: When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn?t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。 (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。例如: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。 (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如: Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。 (9)注意 1.历史事实通常用一般过去时表示,如: They learned that President Lincoln led the American War. He told the students that Hitler killed millions of Jews. 2.过去完成时可以代替一般过去时,表示惊奇,如: I saw her coming, but in a minute, she had disappeared. They wanted to keep it a secret, but a few days later, everyone had known it. 3. 过去完成时可表示对后来动作的影响,对比下面两组句子: A) He had eaten something before taking dinner. (So he had no appetite at dinner.) B) He ate something before taking dinner. (He might have his usual appetite at dinner.) A) She felt better after she had taken a few days'' rest. (Feeling better is the result of taking a few days'' rest.) B) She felt better after she took a few days'' rest. (Feeling better may not be the result of taking a few days''s rest.) 过去完成时-语法区别 一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 (1)现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,已过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。 比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在) (2)和现在完成时不同,过去完成时有时也可以用在含有表示过去的时间状语的句子中。例如: They told me that the letter had arrived on May 3rd. 他们告诉我信件五月三号就到了 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点: 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。 She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before ,after ,as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 4. 在since 引导的状语从句中,用一般过去时的时候较多,主句用过去完成时。例如: I saw Zhang Na last week. We had not seen each other since we parted in Beijing. 上周我见到了张娜。从北京分手后我们就再没见过面。 since 引导的时间状语从句中有时也可以用过去完成时。例如: The girl had changed greatly since we had met each other last time. 从我们上次见面以来这个女孩改变了很多。 5. 当主句的时态是过去时态时,在宾语从句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语时,仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如: She said she was born in 1992. 她说她是1992年出生的。 单项选择 1.We ____four thousand new words by the end of last year. A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned 根据by短语中的last year得知,正确选项为A。 2.Helen ____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____home.(NMET’96) A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去,而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。 选择 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 过去完成时练习题 一练习 ()(1)The police found that the house _______and a lot of things_________. A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen ()(2)By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern country. A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built ()(3)We _________the work by six yesterday evening. A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been finished ()(4)I _________to h elp you but couldn?t get here in time. A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting ()(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___________. A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours before C. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before () (6)When I reached home, my parents __________their supper. A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had () (7)It seems that the old man _________something important. A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose () (8)She __________in this school ________the past ten years. A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since C.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for () (9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I arrived. A.she?d left B.she's left C. She was left D.she must leave() (10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I______. A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected () (11)We couldn?t catch up with the others because they _____too long before us. A.started B.were starting C.have started D.had started () (12)She felt anxious about her son as she ________for quite a long time. A.haven't heard him B. hadn?t heard him C.haven…t heard from him D. hadn?t heard from him () (13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_______. A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating () (14)By the end of next July this building__________. A. will be finished B. will have finished C. will have been finished D. had been finished () (15)By the time the war ____, most of the people had left. A.was began B. was broken out C.broke out D. had been broken out () (16)If she ______harder, she would have succeeded. A. had worked B. have worked C. should work D. worked () (17)I wish ______I you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see ()(18)He is talking so much about America as if he _______ there. A. had been B.has been C. was D. been () (19)That dinner was the most expensive meal we___. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had ()(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary ______for almost an hour. A. had gone B. had set of C. had left D. had been away 二.巩固练习 单项选择题 1.I lost the book I ____. A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought 2.The bus had gone when I ____at the bus stop. A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving 3.Tom ____of visiting his grandmother,but the bad but the bad weather made him change his mi. A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought 4.—Did you meet Tom at the airport? —No,he ___by the time I ___there. A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got 5.—Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday? —He ____Beijing. A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to 6.—I ____to come to help you.—But you didn?t come. A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean 7.Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University,for which she___five times. A.had tried B.was trying C.has tried D.tried 8.—I have bought you the books you want. —Oh,good,I ___afraid you had forgotten. A.was B.am C.had been D.have been 填空题 2.用动词的适当形式填空 1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die). 3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave). 4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive). 5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed. 6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call. 7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice. 8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall. 10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave). 12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do) 15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before. 16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher. 18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times. 20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing). 3.句型转换 1..He had broken his arm when I saw him.(对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________ 2.When he had read the note, he ate it. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________ 3..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________ 4.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________. 5.She had written the book by the end of 1960. (对划线部分提问) __________________________________________________________________ 6.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用过去完成时连接两句) __________________________________________________________________ 7.Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken. (用过去完成时连接两句) __________________________________________________________________ 8.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句) After we ________________________, we _____________________________ 9.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两句) Before he _______________________, he______________________________. 6
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