英语介词讲解
介词讲解
介词是
表
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示句子结构中词与词或句子成分之间关系的一种虚词。
常用介词用法歌诀
in在里面on在上;by和beside在近旁,above表示在上方~below恰好为反向。 若表正上用over~under表示正下方。in front of表在前~反义behind在后面。 从里穿过用through~表面通过across。进到里面用into~落到上面用onto。 from表示自何方~to和towards表朝向。小小介词用处大~反复实践掌握它。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点
on表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚
上;
in表示年、季节、月份、周,或泛指上午、下午或晚上;
at seven o'clock at 表示具体的时刻。
at half past two
on Monday 主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上
on August 8th, 2008
on 午、下午或晚上,还用于具有某种特征on the night of National Day
的一天。
on a rainy evening
in the 21st century / in 2010 /
in 用于世纪、年、季节、月 in spring / in January
固定 in the morning /in the afternoon / in the
at noon /at night /at midnight 用法 evening
二、表示方位的介词
on意为“在……的上面”;over意为“在……(垂直)的正上方”;above意为“在……(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在……(垂直的)正下方”;below意为“在……(不一定垂直)的下方”;near意为“在……附近”;next to意为“紧挨着……”;round / around意为“在……周围”;by意为“在……旁边”;表示两者的位置关系时in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on表示“接壤;相邻”;to表示“相离;相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。
介词 意 义 例 句
on 在……上 His book is on the desk.
under 在……下 The football is under the chair.
There is a pencil case in the
in 在……里
schoolbag.
in front of 在……前 There is a tree in front of the house.
behind 在……后 He is standing behind me.
beside 在……旁边 Tom is sitting beside the window.
三、表示延续时间的介词
by意为“在……之前;不迟于……”;for意为“历时……之久;持续……”;in
……以后;在……时间内”;since意为“自从……以来;自……以后”;until意为“在
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词,用在肯
定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如:
He has been a teacher ________ nine years. 他已经当老师9年了。
我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here ________ ten years ago.
他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back ________ ten minutes. 知道五月,我们才会看到一些花。We don’t see any flowers ________ May.
你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here ________ the sun sets.
我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school ________ eight tomorrow
morning.
你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗,Can you finish your work _______ five minutes?
四、表示方式的介词
介词用来表交通,常把by, in, on来用;
限定、复数用in / on,by要直通海陆空;
(骑马、骑车惯用on,小轿车前in才通)
【注】
1. by + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。如:
海:by ship / boat / sea 陆:by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空:by air / plane / spaceship
2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具,意为“乘坐……”。如:
He goes to work on the bike /He goes to work in his car. 他骑自行车 / 开车去上
班。
3. on foot为固定短语,意为“步行”。
五、表示运动方向的介词
across意为“从……表面穿过”,或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作;through意为 “从……内部穿过”,past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如:
Please be careful when you go ________ the street.
Look! The mosquito is trying to fly ________ the window.
We often go ________ a bakery on our way to school. 六、不用介词的情况
today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前;含有last, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等词的时间状语前;here, there, home, back等副词前。
如:We meet every day.
其他介词
about
关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
大约有十五棵树在图片里。
for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。
He works for this company. 他为这家公司工作。
from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
Where are you from?
你是哪里人,
He died from an accident. 他死于一场事故。
of ...的,属于...。
This is a map of China. 这是一张中国地图
介词专练
I 用at, on, in填空。
1. ________ five o’clock 2. _________ a quarter past seven
3. ________ February 11th 4. _________ a hot summer afternoon
5. ________ winter 6. _________ the morning of Children’s Day
7. ________ night 8. _________ the evening II 用in, by, on填空。
1. They often go to school _______ foot.
2. Does he usually go home _______ bike?
3. Does he usually go home________the bike
(Does he usually go home________his bike)
4. She went to Qingdao _______ ship last week.
5. I want to go to Beijing _______ bus.
6. She often comes to school _______ her father’s car.
7. Did you come here _______ a taxi?
III 用in, on, to填空。
1. Shanghai is located ___in____ the east of China
2.. Hainan is __in_____ the south of China.
3. Japan is ____to___ the east of China.
选择题
1. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are singing ________
the trees.
A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through