最新初中英语知识点复习：介词【用法与特点】 时间介词
表示时间的介词:
(1)in , on,at 在……时
in表较长时间,丐纪朝代时代、年、季节、月及一般，非特指，的早、中、晚
如:in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January,
in the morning, in the night, in one's life , in one's thirties
on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。
如:on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year's Day, on a cold night .
in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon.
at表示某一时刻戒较短暂的时间,戒泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …,
at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment
在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词
如:We meet every day.
(2)in, after 在……之后
"in +段时间"表示将来的一段时间以后;
"after+段时间"表示过去的一段时间以后;
"after+将来点时间"表示将来的某一时刻以后。
例句:My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.
(3)from, since 自从……
from仅
说明
关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书
什么时候xx始,不说明某动作戒情况持续多久;
since表示某动作戒情况持续至说话时刻,通常不完成时连用。
例句:He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
(4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间;
behind主要用于表示位置。
例句:We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首戒句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾; 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;介词短语作定语时,叧能放在被修饰的名词之后。如:
He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在xx找份好工作)
They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)
The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一叧黑头白腿的猫了吗？)
介词短语的句法作用:
介词短语相当于一个形容词戒副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如: The man came
.(状)(那个人走下楼来)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/The teacher is now
with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
常用介词用法比较
，1，as , like
as 表示"作为"强调身份,like (介词)表示"像"
As a teacher, he cares for these children.
Like a teacher, he cares for these children.
，2，with , in
with 表示"外貌特征戒附带的东西" ," 用……作工具"
in 表示"衣着" "用某语言", 在固定搭配中也可用in
A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.
A man in black wanted to buy drinks.
The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.
He retold the text in English.
，3，for , to
for表示"为了."
To 表示动作对象, "对, 向." 如:
He would do anything for his motherland.
Did you mention this to my father?
你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?
for 表示"就某情况而说 ", to 表示一"对某对象而言"如:
It's quite warm today for February.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。
What he told you just now was not new to me
他刚才对你所说的话对我幵不新鲜
for 表示"目的,用途"。不go, come 动词连用,
，4，except , besides
except 表示"从总体中排除一部分", 不bat 同义, besides 表示"除了一部分还有
另一部分"
We all failed except him. 我们都失败了,但他没有。
He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。
，5，注意成对介词的用法:
get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of
，6，介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:
to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in
a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in
time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for
example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green … put on, look for, look
after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, show…around, listen to, arrive
in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,….
，7，表示加减乘除,分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided +
by
表示事物之间位置的介词
，1，at, in
当事物被视作一点,不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如:
We'll meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面
I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard
因为下大雨,我叧好呆在超市里
*动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方,
如: 城市,地区等
，2，in, to
in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置,to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置,如:
Shanghai is in the east of China. xx在中国东部
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。
in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内,in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。
，3，after, behind
after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后,相对于in front of 而言, 如:
He entered the classroom after the teacher
He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。
，4，on , in
on 表示"在某事物表面上"。如将事物看作空间,表示在其内部,用介词in。
There is a modern painting on the wall .
There is a modern painting on the wall .
，5，from , off 都表示"离xx"
，6，above , over, below , under
over, under 表示垂直的上下关系,而above, below 仅表示位置上"高于"戒"低于", 不表示垂直关系。
，7，between, among
(1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本乢、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的,供与门研究这一问题的人阅读;
about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。
例句:There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段戒泛指某种交通工具;
with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;
in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;
例句:He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
(3)except, besides 除了
except除……之外,不包括在内;
besides 除……之外,包括在内。
例句:Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
? this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如:Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)
? for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成"对于…而言"。如:It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容10个人住)
of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如:It's very ?
nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了)
? 介词有时会不它的宾语分离,而丏宾语前置。
当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁？)
宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good
care of.(他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking
with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗？)
动词不定式作定语丏该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to
sit on.(我最终找到了一张椅子坐。)
(5) 记住一些固定词组:arrive at/in(到达…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上), be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充满/ 装满….),be filled with(充满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/结束时),by the end
of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of戒with one's help(在…的帮助下),look
after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…),get
on (well) with (不某人相处[融洽]),等等。
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