英语强调句型

英语强调句型 ? It is/was...who/ that...句型 这是一个最常见的强调句型。利用这种句型可以强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分，所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、 宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。引导词it置于句首，后接动词be(一般是is或was)，再 加上强调的部分，再接that-/who-从句。如: Jack missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam. ? ?It was Jack who missed the first lesson yesterday because he was caught in the traffic jam. (强调主语) ?It was because Jack was caught in the traffic jam that he missed the first lesson yesterday. (强调状语) ?It was the first lesson yesterday that Jack missed because he was caught in the traffic jam. (强调宾语) 注意: ?判断It is/was... 这样的句型是不是强调句，只须把It is/was和who/ that去掉，如果意 思是完整的，就是强调句。反之，就不是。就?为例，去掉It is/was和who/ that，意思没有 改变，仍然是一个完整的句子，因为引导词It is/was... 和who/ that不充当句子成分。 ?如果强调的部分是表示人的名词或人称代词，多数情况下用who，如上面的例句。如 果被强调的是人称代词，要用主格形式，非正式文体中多用宾格(如me, him等)，但不可取。如: It was I (me) who told the police. ?若强调否定词，它的结构形式是:It +be not+中心成份+that\who分句。如: I didnt come back till the day before yesterday. ? It was not till the day before yesterday that I came back. 更多的例句请同学们看课本37页和Grammar(Workbook)。下面是拓展部分: ? Wh-句型的强调 1、除了It is/was... 强调句型，在中学英语课本中还多次出现“Wh-...结构的句型(简称 Wh-强调句)，它同样具有很浓的强调意味。把“Wh-...be...”删去，所剩的仍然是一个完整 的句子。如课本Activity 4，P35。 What Oliver wanted is more food. = Oliver wanted more food. 注意: ?Wh-和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面的句子可以看成是What引导一个主语从句， be是系动词，后面是表语。Wh-强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语。如: What Charles Dickens wrote novels about was Victorian London. What I felt when I saw the woman was beautiful. 2、Wh-强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓 语动词。如: What I want to do now is (to) get there as quickly as I can. 3、这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词是进行体，那么 is之后用-ing形式和它相配。如: What I’m doing now is teaching him a lesson.我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。 4、Wh-强调句中的what从句，间或也作表语。如: This is what he spoke at the meeting. 5、Wh-强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who, where或when引起的，它们通常只用作 表语。如: This headmaster was who I meant.我指的就是校长。 Here is where the accident happened last week.这儿就是事故发生的地方。 ? 状语从句的强调 只需把状语从句置于被强调部分即可。如: It was because Jack was caught in the traffic jam that he missed the first lesson yesterday. 但强调状语时，有几个方面必须注意: ?条件、让步状语从句不能强调。 ?It is/was强调句型可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调as，since引导的 原因状语从句。如: I came here to visit my students not because I was just on business here. 可强调为: It was not because I was just on business here that I came here to visit my students. 下面这个句子则不可以强调: Since you are late for school, you’d better go and explain it to the teacher. ?It强调句型可强调so that引起的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that引起的结果状语 从句。如: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town. 可强调为: It was so that he could catch the first bus to the town that he got up early. 下面这个句子则不可以强调: He didn’t work hard so that he failed the exams. ?强调until引起的短语或从句，要注意否定前移。 He didn’t go to bed until his father came back last night. 强调句为: It was not until his father came back last night that he went to bed. ? 特殊疑问句的强调 要强调特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。如: What was it that made the little boy cry? Why is it that he is still crying under the tree? ? It might be... that... It might be his mother that you are thinking of. It must have been in the country that you met her and married her. ? 祈使句 一般情况下，祈使句的主语you不出现。为了强调，可以点明主语you。如: Stand up! 起立! (弱) You stand up! 你站起来! (强) ? 主从复合句 运用主从复合句，可以使几个并列的句子变成主从关系，从而突出其中的主句，起到强 调的作用。试比较: I returned home late. My supper was cold. Mother had cooked it. a. My supper, which mother had cooked, was cold when I returned home late. (强调“我的晚 饭已经凉了”这一点) b. I returned home late to find my supper cold although mother had cooked it. (强调 “我回 家晚了”这件事。) c. Mother cooked supper, which was cold by the time I returned home. (强调“是母亲做的晚饭”) ? 感叹句 感叹句由how或what等感叹词加被强调的部分以及陈述句的其他部分构成。这也是一种十分常见的表示强调的句式。如: How hard you study! What a pity he lost the game! ? 用If来表示强调。 ?If从句+I don’t know who/what... does/ is/ has... 主语部分也可以用nobody does/ is/ has... 或everybody does/ is/ has... 来代替(这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说)。如: If he can’t do it, I don’t know who can. 如果他不能做的话，我不知道还有什么人能做。 ?If从句+it be主句。即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中。如: If there is one thing he loves，it is money. 如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。 一、倒装句 倒装是指把非主语成分置于句首，使之成为主位而加以强调。倒装可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 1. 部分倒装: ?表语前置以强调 目前我们所见到的类似倒装是让步状语从句的一种形式。如: Young as she is, she knows a lot. 尽管她很年轻，但她知道的很多。 Child as he is, he can work out the problem. 尽管他是个孩子，但是他能解决那个问题。 ?谓语动词前置以强调 Try as he can/ does, he can’t run faster than I yet. 尽管他很努力，但还是没有我跑得快。 Go abroad I must. 我一定要出国。 ?状语前置以强调 ?表示否定或基本否定的词或词组放在句首作状语 Rarely did John leave his lab those days.那些天约翰很少离开他的实验室。 ?Only引出的状语放在句首时 Only recently did he have a chance to visit his hometown. 只有最近他才有机会拜访自己的家乡。 ?一些副词或副词短语用作频率状语或方式状语出现在句首时，有时因为强调引起倒装。如:well/ often/ always/ once/ many a time/ bitterly等。 Well do I remember the scene. 我很清楚地记得那一幕。 2. 完全倒装: ?here，there，then，thus等副词放在句首，并且谓语动词为come, go, be, exist, follow 等表示位置移动的不及物动词时。 There goes the bell. 铃声响了。 Higher and higher flows the kite. 风筝越飞越高。 ?句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句，或者从属连词的so ... that中的so位于句首时: He cannot speak Spanish. Nor (Neither) can his wife. 他不会讲西班牙语，他的妻子也不会。 So bad was the weather that there were few people fishing on the bank of the river. 天气很糟糕，所以几乎没有人在河岸边钓鱼。 ?“副词+动词+主语”形式 In came the teacher. 老师进来了。 Out rush all the students. 所有的学生都冲了出去。 二、 谓语动词的强调 强调谓语需要用助动词do, does或did来帮助。如: He does know the place well. 他确实对那个地方很熟悉。 Do write to me when you get there. 到了那边一定要给我写信。 三、形容词和副词的比较级前加a little, much, still, far, a great deal, even表示强调。如: China is much larger than Japan.中国比日本大得多。 四、疑问句中在疑问代词或疑问副词后加ever，on earth，in the world，under the sun表示强调。如: What in the world made him so angry? 到底是什么事使他如此生气? 五、用反身代词强调。 I can’t express myself in English. 我不会用英语表达自己的意思。 六、名词前加very, only, single, such表示强调时，注意very须加this，that，the和人称代词所有格连用，来加强语气。如: That’s the very textbook we used last term. 这正是我们上个学期使用的 教材 民兵爆破地雷教材pdf初中剪纸校本课程教材衍纸校本课程教材排球校本教材中国舞蹈家协会第四版四级教材 。 Not a single person has been in the shop this morning. 今天早上商店里一个人也没有。 七、否定意义句子的强调 ?加in the world, on earth, under the sun, at all, let alone表示强调。 The baby can’t even walk, let alone run. 这小孩连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。 ?用not to mention，to say nothing of强调。 Some peasant families now have motorcycles, not to mention TV sets and washers. 一些农民的家庭现在已经有了摩托车，更不用说电视和洗衣机了。 ?用否定的形式表示肯定的概念，进行强调。 ? cannot... too... You cannot be too careful when crossing the road. 你过马路的时候一定要小心。 ? no... but... (这里but等同于who引导一个定语从句) There is no one of us but wishes to go. 我们人人都想去。 ? never... but... Justice is never done but some people will be found to complain. 永远无法达到公正，总有一些人会抱怨。 ? nothing... but... (nothing else but/than...) I am nothing but a teacher. 我仅仅是个老师。 It was nothing else but (than) my own shadow. 这仅仅是我自己的影子。 ? cannot... but... I couldn’t but laugh to see the scene. 看到那一幕我忍不住笑了。 ?肯定意义表否定，进行强调。 ? too... to (do)... He was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. 对于他的工作，他对 妻子难以启齿。 ? nothing but... I will do nothing but that one you told me. 我只做你告诉我的那件事。 八、用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有-ly的副词来 进行强调。如: This is just what I needed. 这正是我需要的。 He was badly injured. 他严重受伤。 I really don’t know what I shall do next. 我实在不知道接下来应该做什么。 九、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气。 It’s because of hard work—ten years of hard work. 这是因为辛苦的工作———十年 辛苦的工作。 He began the work in late May. 他是五月底开始那项工作的。 大练兵 1. — Where did the accident happen? — It was in the street I was walking. A. that B. where C. which D. when 2. he realized it was too late to return home. A. Not until dark B. It was until dark that C. It was not until dark that D. It was dark that 3. — Was it two years ago you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holiday in Canada? — . John was the lucky dog. A. when; Not I B. when; Not really C. that; Not all D. that; Not me 4. It was there, the police believe, she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. A. until B. which C. that D. when 5. I don’t know that that he didn’t attend the lecture held in the lecture hall. A. it was why B. why it was C. it was D. it was 6. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages attracted the audience’s interest. A. so that B. that C. what D. in which 7. It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. A. who B. that C. how D. what 8. Why! I have nothing to confess. you want me to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that Key: 1-8 BCDCBBBA