新概念2,lesson43课文讲解

新概念二Lesson43        Grammer:定语从句 1. over和above都可以表示“在…上方”。两个物体是互不接触的。比如： There is a picture above/over the fireplace.壁炉上有一张画。 Can you see the helicopter above/over the palace？你能看见宫殿上方的那架直升机吗？ (2) over也可表示 “在…之上”，两个物体互相接触，有on 和 cover 的意思，而above不能这样用 He put his handkerchief over his face.他用手帕把脸蒙了起来。（不能用above） She spread a cloth over the table.她把一块布铺在桌子上。（不能用above） （3）如果要表示“越过”、“翻过”和“飞过”的意思，通常用over。而above多用于表示一种静态的“在…上方”的意思。 If we can’t go over the mountain, we must go round it. 要是我们无法翻过这座山，我们只能绕山而行。 2.In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R.E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. 1).three years after…为 1929的同位语，作插入性的补充说明；R．E．Byrd 作 the American explorer 的同位语。 2). the first time:首次；第一次 3. Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. 虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片，但他们很快就陷入了困境。 1)连词though引导的是让步状语从句，其含义为“虽然……”、“尽管……”。这个从句中的时间状语at first被单独用逗号隔开了，它如果按正常的词序应放在从句的末尾，但有可能会引起误解。 2)take a photograph：take a picture或是take a photo。 Take也是个“万能动词”，组词能力非常强，和某些名词连用时，意义上等于相应的动词： take a walk 散步       take notes 记笔记 take a look 看一眼       take a house 租房子 3) lie与lay的区别   意思 现在分词 过去式 过去分词 lie 躺，平放，位于(vi.) lying lay lain lie 说谎(vi.) lying lied lied lay 放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.) laying laid laid           (1) lie一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“说谎”。均为不及物动词。 Don't lie in bed all morning. The book lay open on the desk. 平放 If you feel unwell, go and lie down. 躺下 The truth lies between two extremes.存在、位于 Lie to sb.说谎 (2)lay一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如： Lay your coat on the bed.把你的外衣放在床上。 Are your hens laying yet?你的母鸡下蛋了吗？ Will you please lay the table for dinner?请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗? E.g. The books still _____ where I _____ them a month ago. A: lie, laid      B: lay, laid C: lied, lain    　 D lain, lied 4)Run into trouble的含义与 get into trouble相似，表示“陷入困境”： Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help. 4. At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. crash 还表示电脑死机，如： My computer crashed again, and I had to reboot it. （1）at one point “在有个地方”，通常的为“在某一时刻”，point指时间上的某一点： At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter. （2）It seemed certain看起来肯定。其中it为“先行主语”，真正的主语为that引导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与seem，appear，look 等连用： It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off. 现在似乎可以肯定会议将被推迟。 1.seem+不定式（短语）    I seemed to hear a voice in the distance . 2.seem +形容词            She seems quite happy today.  3. seem+名词              She seems a clever girl.  4. It seems/seemed that+从句  It seems that you were lying. 5.Throw out——扔出去。 Sack表示“袋子”。一般是指比较结实的大袋子。 V.解雇 fire ， The poor old sod got sacked yesterday. 6. Clear和clean Clean“清洁”，是把脏的东西去除。clean the table；clean the windows ; clear“清理“，把本来很乱的地方整理一下，拿掉一些东西，使其看起来干净整洁。 clean the room 拿擦布擦地板、擦桌子、擦窗户。 clear the room把房间里的东西归类，扔掉不要的东西。 clear“跳越；跨越；飞越”（不接触的） e.g.The horse easily cleared the fence.那匹马轻而易举地跳过了篱笆。 by表示“以……之差”： I missed the train by ten minutes. He is younger than me by two years. 7. for表示“因为”, 是并列连词，引出的是并列句，因此不能置于句首； for 引进行补充说明或解释，表示的是间接的原因,时常是推断性的理由；for要用逗号与前面的句子隔开。 because有无逗号均可，着重于直接明白地说明原因。 e.g.  It took them some time to get there, for it was a long way. in sight表示“在看得见的范围内”、“在可看见之处”： No man was in sight.