希腊神话习语(整理)

希腊神话习语(整理)01 Allusions；?Unit1；1.delphic暧昧的、隐晦的，意义不明的；2.Olympian威严的，奥林匹克竞赛的，奥林；3.Martial军事的，军战的尚武的；4.Nemesis克星，报应（复仇女神，涅墨西斯；5.Titanic巨大的；6.Iridescent色彩斑斓的，彩虹色的，闪；7.adisciple/daughter/son；8.Mnemo Allusions ? Unit1 1.delphic 暧昧的、隐晦的，意义不明的 2.Olympian 威严的，奥林匹克竞赛的，奥林匹克选手 3.Martial 军事的，军战的 尚武的 4.Nemesis 克星，报应 （复仇女神，涅墨西斯） 5.Titanic 巨大的 6.Iridescent 色彩斑斓的，彩虹色的 ，闪光的（Iris 彩虹女神） 7.a disciple/daughter/son of Momus 插科打诨的人 ，滑稽的人 8.Mnemonics 记忆术 ? Unit 2 1. Junoesque 高贵优美的，端庄的 2. Argus-eyed 警惕的，目光尖锐的 3. Satyr/satyriasis 好色之徒，性欲极强的男人 4. Mercurial 反复无常的，水银的 灵活的，易变的 5. Hermetic 密封的，不透气的 ? Unit 4 1. Prometheus 2. Chaotic 混沌的 ，混乱的 3. Promethean 独创性的，赋予生命的，有生机的 4. Pandora’s Box 灾难之盒 含义：to open Pandora's box means to create evil that cannot be undone. 来源：Pandora's box involves a mythological story in which the a box was given to a human who was warned never to open the box, but his curiosity made him open it resulting in a disaster. ? Unit 5 1. arachnid 蛛型钢动物 2. Palladium 守护神 3. Aegis 保护，支持，庇护 ? Unit 6 1.Dionysiac 酒神，肉欲方面的，本能方面的，耽于声色，放荡，狂欢 2.Bacchant/bacchic 酒神节 3.Bacchante酒神巴克斯的女祭司，酗酒的女人 4.The Dionysian Mysteries 酒神的奥秘，宗教狂热性 ? Unit 7 1.Midas’/ass’s ears 掩饰不了的秘密，浅薄的，一知半解的 2.Midas/the golden touch 点石成金 3.Cut the Gordian knot 外行的评判Layman judge ? Unit 8 1.cereal 谷物 2.Aureole 光环，光轮 3.Briarean 百手巨人，多手的 ? Unit 9 1.charon’s boat/ferry摆渡的船夫的船/轮渡 2.Give/throw a sop to Cerberus给/抛出一个息事宁人的甜头 3.The Elysian fields 极乐世界 4.Cross the Styx过鬼门关，死 5.Be haunted by furies of 被...的冤魂纠缠 ? Unit 10 1.panic 恐慌 2.Sylvan/sylvatic森林的 ，栖息于森林的 3.Fauna and flora动植物 4.Zephyr 和风，西风 5.Aurora australis/borealis南极光，北极光 ? Unit 12 1. swan song （最后杰作；绝笔） 2. black swan （比喻罕见之人/物；“凤毛麟角”） 3. win / gain/reap (one’s) Laurels （获得荣誉，赢得声望） 4. look to one’s Laurels （爱惜名声，保持记录） 5. Rest/repose/retire/sit(back) on one’s Laurels （坐享清福，光吃老本） 6. A Nobel /Poet Laureate; The Laureate（桂冠诗人） 7.pythonic预言的，神谕的，大蟒似得 ? Unit 13 1.cupidity 贪财，贪心 2.Psychic 精神的，超自然的 通灵的或有特异功能的人 3.Erotic 性爱的 ，好色之徒，恋爱诗 4.Nectareous 神酒似得，甘美的 ? Unit 14 1. Aphrodite’s girdle: 2. aphrodisiac [??fr?u?dizi?k]: n. a drug or other agent that stimulates sexual desire一种药物或其他代理,刺激性欲 adj. exciting sexual desire激动人心的性欲 3. venereal [vi?ni?ri?l] / venery [?ven?ri]性病，性欲 4. veneration [?ven??re???n]: n. 尊敬 崇拜 5. adonis: n. any handsome young man。任何一个英俊的年轻人 ? Pygmalion effect皮格玛利翁效应 ? Unit 18 1. atlantean: adj. exceedingly strong（像）巨人阿特拉斯的，力大无比的 2. gorgonize: vt. 使吓呆 3. mount one’s Pegasus: (humor) write a poem(幽默)写一首诗 4.a chimera in one’s brain不可能实现的想法，在大脑中产生的一种妄想 Unite 20 1.the choice of Heracles:进退两难 2. accomplishments of Heracles：tremendous deeds（需要做出超人的努力才得完成的业绩） 3.Herculean effort: 巨大/艰巨的努力 含义：A Herculean effort is to say that one is strong, vigorous and determined in their attempt to achieve a result, as in a Herculean task. 来源：Driven mad by Hera, Heracles slew his own children. To expiate the crime, Heracles was required to carry out ten labors set by his archenemy, Eurystheus. Heracles accomplished these tasks, but Eurystheus did not accept 2 tasks.Then he set two more tasks, which Heracles performed successfully, bringing the total number of tasks up to twelve. eg. He completed the translation of this monumental work with a Herculean effort. 他历尽心血终于完成了这一大套的翻译作品。 4.hydra-headed: a. 多头的，多分支的，多中心的 5. The Augean Stable肮脏的地方 含义：an extremely dirty place; a job so dirty and so huge that no-one can hope to succeed at it 来源： Augeas, whose name means "bright", was king of Elis and father of Epicaste. He is best known for his stables, which housed the single greatest number of cattle in the country and had never been cleaned — until the time of the great hero Heracles. The fifth Labour of Heracles was to clean the Augean stables 6.cleanse the Augean stables: 彻底清除积弊，进行重大改革 7. Amazons: tall strong athletic woman; female warriors高强烈运动的女人,女战士 8. Cerberus: a grim, watchful keeper, house-porter, guardian, etc. (冥府看门狗; 凶恶的看门人) 9. the Shirt of Nessus / Tunic of Nessus / Nessus-robe / Nessus’ shirt: a source of misfortune from which there is no escape (涅索斯的衣服；使人致命的礼物) 10. Pillars of Heracles: 达赫拉克勒斯石柱,今直布罗陀海峡 ? Unit 21 1. The Procrustean bed / the bed of Procrustes强迫一致 brutal and unreasonable policy (喻指狭小的框框，强求一致的政策/制度) 含义：when something is Procrustean, different lengths or sizes or properties are fitted to an arbitrary standard. 来源： Procrustes was a rogue smith and bandit from Attica who physically attacked people by stretching them or cutting off their legs, so as to force them to fit the size of an iron bed. 2. daedal: complex and ingenious in design or function (巧妙的，复杂的，千变万化的 ) 3. with the ambition of Theseus: to cherish great aspirations and lofty ideals (宏图远略) 4. the Golden Fleece treasures obtained after innumerous hardships (历尽千辛万苦才觅得的宝物) 5. Argonauts / Argonautae courageous navigator or adventurer (泛指勇敢无畏的航海家、冒险家) 6. Sow dragon’s teeth挑起纠纷 provoke war by spreading dispute; or cultivate warriors or monster “龙齿” 喻指相互争斗的根源；“播种龙齿” 比喻(1)挑起纠纷，引起战争；(2) 培养一批武士或怪物 含义：the dragon's teeth, once planted, would grow into fully armed warriors.龙的牙齿,一旦种植,将成长为全面武装战士。 来源：In Greek myth,dragon's teeth feature prominently in the legends of the Phoenician prince Cadmus and Jason's quest for the Golden Fleece . 7. Circe（赛丝） witch, sorceress, enchantress who charmed men (喻指善于引诱男人的女人。善用巫术将男人变成猪，曾百般引诱奥德修斯留他在岛上居住一年。) 8. Sirens’ song fine-sounding words; words that confuse or mislead people (赛壬姐妹原是美丽的少女，因受惩罚变成了人头鸟身的海妖，住在一个海岛上用美妙的歌声诱杀过往船只上的水手，岛上白骨遍地。“赛壬的歌声” 喻指甜言蜜语、迷魂汤。) 9. an Orphean singer (from Orpheus) Orphean 喻指“迷人的；令人神往的”。 Eg. The young people were all touched by the Orphean singer. 10. Medea’s kettle（水壶） a way to restore youth (喻指恢复青春的方法) 11. Be a Jason an unfaithful husband; be a fickle-hearted man (喻指负心人) 12.Medea Complex 美狄亚情结，杀子情结 13.A Cadmean/Pyrrhic victory付出很大代价得到的胜利 ? Unit 22 1. the Judgment of Paris a matephorical usage for a man who loves beauty instead of power (不爱江山爱美人) 2. Helen of Troy a beautiful girl or woman a beauty who ruins her country害人精 a terrible disaster brought by sb or sth you like best一个可怕的灾难由某人或某事你最喜欢的带来的 含义：A woman whose physical beauty and sexual attraction has led man to destruction and countries to war. 一个女人的外在美和性吸引力让人破坏和国家战争。 来源：In Greek mythology, Helen of Troywas the daughter of Zeus and Leda, step-daughter of King Tyndareus, wife of Menelaus and sister of Castor, Polydeuces and Clytemnestra. Her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War. 3. A Greek Gift / Greek gifts害人的礼物 含义：agiftwithsomesinister；来源：WarningfromLaocoon:“O；“Bloodranintorrents,dren；4.Oedipal恋母情结；5.spinxriddle谜语；?Unit23；1.procrusteanbed强求一致的政策，；2.labyrinth:complicatedt；3.daedalian:ingen -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 含义：a gift with some sinister purposes of the enemy；one given with intent to harm；a gift sent in order to murder sb.敌人的礼物和一些邪恶的目的，一个给定的意图伤害;送礼物是为了谋杀某人。 来源：Warning from Laocoon: “O wretched countrymen! What more than madness has possessed your brains? Think you the Grecians from your coasts are gone? This hollow structure must inclose, within its blind recess, our secret foes…” ) “Blood ran in torrents, drenched was all the earth, as Trojans and their alien helpers died. Here were men lying quelled by bitter death all up and down the city in their blood.” 4.Oedipal 恋母情结 5.spinx riddle 谜语 ? Unit 23 1.procrustean bed强求一致的政策，普罗克汝斯忒斯之床 2.labyrinth:complicated thing; situation difficult to get away from (喻指错综复杂的事情，难以摆脱的处境 3.daedalian: ingenious (巧妙的) 4. Ariadne’s thread the instruction that helps one out of trouble (喻指能解决复杂问题的方法) 5.icarian 冒险的，蛮干的 6.clue 线索，情节 7.the ship of Theseus(a philosophical proposition)忒修斯的船(一个哲学命题) ? Unit 24 1. An Apple of Discord祸根 any subject of disagreement and contention任何分歧和争论的主题 the root of the trouble问题的根源 a euphemism for a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute一个小问题的委婉说法,可能导致更大的争议 含义： a euphemism for a small matter that could lead to a bigger dispute. 来源：The Greek goddess of discord, Eris, became disgruntled after she was excluded from the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. In retaliation, she tossed a golden apple inscribed Kallisti ('For the most beautiful one'), into the wedding party. Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Paris of Troy was appointed to select the recipient. He awarded the apple to Aphrodite, thus indirectly causing the Trojan War. 2.Achilles and Patroclus: sworn brothers, bosom friends肝胆相照,知心朋友 3. fight / work like a Trojan: fight/ work extremely hard战斗/工作极其努力 4.Sulky like Achilles in his tent: very morose, bad-tempered, and resentful; refusing to co-operate or be cheerful很郁闷的,脾气暴躁,和不满,拒绝或者是愉快的合作 5. A Trojan horse:the hidden danger; a covert wrecker他隐藏的危险;隐蔽的肇事者 6.The Heel of Achilles唯一的弱点 含义：A deadly weakness in spite of overall strength, that can actually or potentially lead to downfall 一个致命的弱点,尽管整体实力,可以或可能导致垮台 来源：The mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, metaphorical references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common. Thetis treated Achilles with Ambrosia, making him invulnerable. Thetis burned away his mortality in the house fire except on the heel, with which he was held. Thetis dipped the infant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel. 7.hector v: intimidate or dominate in a blustering way恐吓或主导风狂吹的方式。威胁，愚弄 8.myrmidon 家仆 ，部下，忠实的追随者 ? Unit 25 1.the Electra complex 恋父情结 2.The Orestes complex 杀母情结 ? Unit 26-27 1 . Penelope’s Web永远做不完的工作 含义：the tactics of delaying sth on purpose;the task that can never be finished 来源：Penelope is the wife of Odysseus who was called to fight in the Trojan War. She waits twenty years for the final return of her husband .In order to put off remarriage, She has devised tricks to delay her suitors, one of which is to pretend to be weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus's elderly father Laertes and claiming that she will choose a suitor when she has finished. Every night for three years, she undoes part of the shroud, until Melantho, one of twelve unfaithful serving women, discovers her chicanery and reveals it to the suitors. 2. With a Penelope's Faith女贞 含义：with a penelope faith means with a deep faith佩内洛普的信仰意味着与深刻的信仰 来源：In Homer's Odyssey, Penelope is the faithful wife of Odysseus, who keeps her suitors at bay in his long absence and is eventually reunited with him. 3. Between Scylla and Charybdis进退维谷 To avoid one danger but fall into another; in a dilemma （腹背受敌；进退两难，左右为难） 含义：Being between Scylla and Charybdis is an idiom express the meaning of "having to choose between two evils". 腹背受敌是习语表达的意义“必须选择两害”。 来源： Scylla was rationalized as a rock shoal (described as a six-headed sea monster) on the Italian side of the strait and Charybdis was a whirlpool off the coast of Sicily. They were regarded as a sea hazard located close enough to each other that they posed an inescapable threat to passing sailors; avoiding Charybdis meant passing too close to Scylla and vice versa. According to Homer, Odysseus was forced to choose which monster to confront while passing through the strait; he opted to pass by Scylla and lose only a few sailors, rather than risk the loss of his entire ship in the whirlpool. 4. lotus-eater: sb. who lives in luxury and comfort free of care and worries 某人住在豪华和舒适自由的关心和担忧 5. mentor: a wise and trusted counselor or teacher一个明智和值得信赖的顾问和老师 6. cyclopean: of or constituting a primitive style of masonry characterized by the use of massive stones of irregular shape and size; huge, gigantic巨大的，圬工或构成原始风格的特点是使用大量不规则的形状和大小的石头 7. tantalizing: exciting (another) by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach令人兴奋（另一个）暴露一些可取的同时保持它的遥不可及 8. harpy: a predatory person and shrewish woman一个食肉的人，脾气暴躁的女人 9. Palinurus: an ill-fated person 一个不幸的人 10. hypnotic: inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific 催眠的，安眠药 11.dido: a mischievous prank or antic; a caper胡闹，开玩笑， 雀跃 12.ibyllic/sibylline: prophetic; oracular 预言的 ，神谕 注：有些习语可能与所在课文数不对应