科学技术对美国经济社会发展的作用

科学技术对美国经济社会发展的作用 As you know, the United States with only more than 200 years’ history, is the most powerful country in the world. But Why? Why it develops so fast? Today, we will find reasons from its history, economy, politics, science and technology, and culture. History The causes of rapid development of America represent different forms at the different time, so from the aspect of history, we can catch their trail. The reasons of history could divided into 3 parts: religion, Territorial expansion, and wars. First, religion. The role played by religious though and practice is of immense importance to a full understanding of American life. Today, we are going to talk about the Protestantism. All of Protestants share a common heritage that has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans: Self-improvement, Material Success, Hard Work, and Self-Discipline. Many scholars believe that the emphasis of Protestantism on these values made an important contribution to the industrial growth of the United States. The religious points make the keep working hard and insisting on self-improvement from the colonial period to now, which made a great contribution to the rapid development of America. Second, territorial expansion. The ways of territorial expansion including: diplomacy, external wars and western expansion. Territorial expansion made the United States become the fourth country by total area in the world. The United States is vast in area with rich resources, which provide a good material condition for the development of industry and politic. Finally,wars. The tragic history of colonial people, the endless conflicts between major powers, especially the two world wars, have left painful lessons in the history of mankind. Most country involved in theses two wars and weakened by them, except for America. America engaged in arms deal and did well out of the wars. What’s more, in the later external wars, America plundered others countries: sending its troops to the Middle East to get oil resoure, opening fire with Yugoslavia [?ju:ɡ?u? slɑ:vj?] 南联盟，Cuba, Panama…… With the breaking out of wars, America amassed huge capital for its high development. Adjust Policy Timely America never change its ideology, but adjust its policy timely. There are several examples. First, Franklin D.Roosevelt and the New Deal. This is a brief introduction of him, Roosevelt have made a great contribution to America. We all know that The New Deal was a series of domestic programs in response to the Great Depreand ssion, focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform. That is Relief for the unemployed and poor; Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. Under the intervention of government, America’seconomic declining trend had been changed, and it help Americans switch emphasis from domestic to foreign affairs. More importantly, it saves American Democracy. Second, let’scometoPresident Reagan. According to his Reaganomics(refers to the economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s, )He insisted on reducing government regulation, and adopt a free-market fiscal policy. Also, he advocated that government should cut it expenditure in a large scale, and the taxes should be cut as well. After adopting this policy, American economy recovered and increased continuously. Unemployment and inflation had been eased. This helped America developing faster. The third one is Bill Clinton. Although he has many scandals, he is still a very capable president in developing American economy. When he was in his office, he advocated that America should persue the macroeconomic regulatory and microeconomic autonomous policy(宏观调控，微观自主:Against either compl etelyfree economy or over intervened by government). And he launch a revolution based on the Third Way philosophy, that is, which help American economy gains a fast and long-term steady development. From these, we can see that American leaders change their policies according to the current situation, and that is one of the important factors to the development of a country. 科技 Since the independence of the United States, it has achieved alarming development of economy and society, which is closely related to the development of science and technology. 1.The United States cultivate and have the most and the most excellent scientific and technical personnel in the world, which is the most important factor for America to take the lead in the world science and technology. The following graph totaled the scientists all over the world who won the Nobel Prize from 1950-1990. 2.In the main scientific and technical literature of the world, papers issued by the scientists of the United States account for the most, esp. in the world acknowledged four major scientific retrieval systems. 3.Invention patents obtained by American citizens take the lead around the world. The main inventions by Americans are(as shown in the ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt ) 4. Americans has invented and made a lot of world-class scientific instruments and equipment, developed various advanced methods for scientific research, promoting the advancement of science and technology. 5. The United States is also leading in the word in the research on on Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, etc. And the achievements on high technology such as IT, Communication, Astronautical technology,Bioengineering, New Materials, New Energy, etc contribute a lot to the economic development of the United States. Especially, in astronautical technology, Apollo Lunar Landing in 1969 first made the dream of landing the moon come true. Culture Culture is also inseparable in the development of the United States. It is well fitted the creation of American politics. Above of all, the history, politics, economy, technology and culture.of the United States contribute to its development. That’s all. Thank you!