英语四级完形填空

英语四级完形填空 第 1 页 共 89 页 Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States.Trains were used only for long-distance transportation. Today the car is the most popolar 1 of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 2 the horse as a means of everyday transportation.Americans use their car for 3 90 percent of all personal 4 . Most Americans are able to 5 cars.The average price of a 6 made car was 1,050 in 1950, 2, 740 in 1960 and up to 3, 750 7 1975.During this period American car manufacturers set about 8 their products and work efficiency. As a result, the yearly income of the 9 family increased from 1950 to 1975 10 than the price of cars.For this reason 11 a new car takes a smaller 12 of a family's total earnings today. In 1951 13 it took 8.1 months of an average family's 14 to buy a new car.In 1962 a new car 15 8.3 of a family's annual earnings.By 1975 it only took 4.75 16 income.In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 17 to models from previous years. The 18 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 19 the car is so important to Americans.Americans spend more money to 20 their cars running than on any other item. 1.A.kinds B.means C.mean D.types 2.A.denied B.reproduced C.replaced D.ridiculed 3.A.hardly B.nearly C.certainly D.somehow 4.A.trip B.works C.business D.travel 5.A.buy B.sell C.race D.see 6.A.quickly B.regularly C.rapidly D.recently 7.A.on B.in C.behind D.about 8.A.raising B.making C.reducing D.improving 9.A.unusual B.interested C.average D.biggest 10.A.slowest B.equal C.faster D.less than 11.A.bringing B.obtain C.bought D.purchasing 12.A.part B.half C.number D.side 第 2 页 共 89 页 13.A.clearly B.proportionallyC.percentage D.suddenly 14.A.income B.work C.plants D.debts 15.A.used B.spend C.cost D.needed 16.A.monthsB.dollars C.family D.year 17.A.famous B.superior C.fastest D.purchasing 18.A.running B.notice C.influence D.discussion 19.A.then B.as C.so D.which 20.A.start B.leave C.keep D.repair 答案与解析: 1.B 本题易错选C.但mean不是名词，“手段”和“方式”的名词为means。 2.C 根据句子意思判断，replace意为“代替”,正确。 3.B Nearly的意思是“几乎，大约”;hardly的意思是“几乎不”;如:He could hardly do that.他几乎不能做那件事。 第 3 页 共 89 页 4.A 本题易错选D。但travel指远距离的旅行，而trip指以工作和娱乐为目的的短距离旅行。 5.A 根据下句的意思判断。 6.D 根据句子意思判断，recently made意为“最近生产的”。 7.B 在某一年用介词in。 8.D 因为“改进产品”与“提高工作效率”意思连贯，符合上下文意思。 第 4 页 共 89 页 9.C 句子意思为“平均家庭年收入”，所以应选average。 10.C than前面要用比较级。 11.D 根据句子意思判断, purchasing为交易买卖的意思。 12.A take a part在本句中意为“占一部分”。 13.B 这里需要一个副词proportionally表达“按比例地;适当地;相称的，相当的”意思。 第 5 页 共 89 页 14.A income上文中已提到。 15.C cost指某物花费某人多少钱，如:The coat cost me.Spend指某人花多少钱买某物，如:I spent on the coat. 16.A 根据句子意思判断。 17.B superior to是短语，“优于”的意思。 18.C 根据句子意思判断。 19.B 第 6 页 共 89 页 as引导的原因状语从句。 20.C keep their car running是属于keep sth.doing这个固定动词短语，意为“保持„„继续进行”。 Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the united states that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true __67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and ___68___sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69___to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are___70____likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often____71___the resource needed to pay for participation___72____equipment, and transportation to practices and games___73____their communities do not have resources to build and ____74_____sports fields and facilities. Organized youth sports___75____appeared during the early 20th century in the united states and other wealthy nation. They were originally developed____76___some educators and developmental experts____77_____that the behavior and character of children were____78___influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This__79_____many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in___80____ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become. 第 7 页 共 89 页 This belief that the social____81____influenced a person’s overall development was very___82___to people interested in progress and reform in the united states___83___the beginning of the 20th certury. It caused them to think about ___84____they might control the experiences of children to ___85_____responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a____86____capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers. 67. A) among B) within C) on D) towards 68. A) spread B) speed C) spur D) sponsor 69. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 70. A) little B) less C) more D) much 71. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 72. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 73. A) so B) as C) and D) but 第 8 页 共 89 页 74. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain 75. A) last B) first C) later D) finally 76. A) before B) while C) until D) when 77. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 78. A) specifically B) excessively C) strongly D) exactly 79. A) moved B) conducted C) put D) led 80. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar 81. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status 82. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising 83. A) for B) with C) over D) at 84. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 85. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 86. A) growing B) breeding C) raising D) flying 第 9 页 共 89 页 参考答案: 67. A) among 68. D) sponsor 69. A) access 70. B) less 71. D) lack 72. C) fees 73. C) and 74. A) maintain 75. B) first 76. D) when 77. A) realized 78. C) strongly 79. D) led 80. C) particular 81. B) environment 82. A) encouraging 83. D) at 84. B) how 85. C) produce 86. A) growing 第 10 页 共 89 页 Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the united states that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true __67__children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and ___68___sports programs and make sure that there is easy__69___to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are___70____likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often____71___the resource needed to pay for participation___72____equipment, and transportation to practices and games___73____their communities do not have resources to build and ____74_____sports fields and facilities. Organized youth sports___75____appeared during the early 20th century in the united states and other wealthy nation. They were originally developed____76___some educators and developmental experts____77_____that the behavior and character of children were____78___influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This__79_____many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in___80____ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become. This belief that the social____81____influenced a person’s overall development was very___82___to people interested in progress and reform in the united states___83___the beginning of the 20th certury. It caused them to think about ___84____they might control the experiences of children to ___85_____responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a____86____capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers. 67. A) among B) within C) on D) towards 第 11 页 共 89 页 68. A) spread B) speed C) spur D) sponsor 69. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 70. A) little B) less C) more D) much 71. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 72. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 73. A) so B) as C) and D) but 74. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain 75. A) last B) first C) later D) finally 76. A) before B) while C) until D) when 77. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 78. A) specifically B) excessively C) strongly D) exactly 79. A) moved B) conducted C) put D) led 80. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar 第 12 页 共 89 页 81. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status 82. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising 83. A) for B) with C) over D) at 84. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 85. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 86. A) growing B) breeding C) raising D) flying 参考答案: 67. A) among 68. D) sponsor 69. A) access 70. B) less 71. D) lack 72. C) fees 73. C) and 74. A) maintain 75. B) first 76. D) when 77. A) realized 78. C) strongly 79. D) led 第 13 页 共 89 页 80. C) particular 81. B) environment 82. A) encouraging 83. D) at 84. B) how 85. C) produce 86. A) growing People of Burlington are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the 1 and have made up their minds to 2 the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run 3 through the narrow High Street.“They not only make it 4 to sleep at night, but they are 5 damage to our houses and shops of historical 6 ,”said John Norris, one of the protesters. “7 we must have these noisy trucks on the roads,”said Jean Lacey, a biology student, why don't they build a new road that goes round the town? Burlington isn't much more than a 8 village.Its streets were never 9 for heavy traffic. Harry Fields also studying 10 said they wanted to make as much 11 possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody wasshavingsto 12 .“Most of them don't 13 here anyway,”he said,“they come in for meetings and that, and the Town Hall is soundproof, so they probably don't 14 .It's high time they realized the problem.”The fourth student, Liza Vernum, said she thought the public were 15 on their side, and even if they weren't they soon would be. I asked if they were 16 that the police might come to 17 them. “Not really,”she said,“actually we are 18 bellringers.I mean we are assistant bellringers for the church.There is no 19 against practising.” I 20 the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears. 第 14 页 共 89 页 1.A.college B.village C.town D.church 2.A.change B.repair C.ring D.shake 3.A.now and then B.day and night C.up and down D.over and over 4.A.terrible B.difficult C.uncomfortable D.unpleasant 5.A.doing B.raising C.putting D.producing 6.A.scene B.period C.interest D.sense 7.A.If B.Although C.When D.Unless 8.A.pretty B.quite C.large D.modern 9.A.tested B.meant C.kept D.used 10.A.well B.hard C.biology D.education 11.A.effort B.time C.trouble D.noise 12.A.stand B.accept C.know D.share 13.A.shop B.live C.come D.study 14.A.notice B.mention C.fear D.control 15.A.hardly B.unwillingly C.mostly D.usually 16.A.surprised B.afraid C.pleased D.determined 17.A.seize B.fight C.search D.stop 18.A.proper B.experienced C.hopeful D.serious 19.A.point B.cause C.need D.law 20.A.left B.found C.reached D.pass 第 15 页 共 89 页 答案与解析: 1.D 由下文可知，这四名学生是在教堂的钟楼内敲钟以示抗议的，“我”也是在此对他们进行采访的。(参见文章最后一句) 2.C ring = to (cause to) give a sound like a bell (钟、铃等)鸣;响;敲钟;摇铃参见下文中的“bellringer”一词。 3.B 由下文(使人在夜间难以入睡)可知，这些大卡车是不分昼夜地穿行在这条街上的。 4.B 大卡车的噪音扰民，使人很难入睡。 5.A do damage to对„„造成损坏。参考:do good/wrong to。 第 16 页 共 89 页 6.C a place of historical interest名胜古迹。 7.A “If”引导条件状语从句，意为:如果必须让这些噪音很大的卡车在路面上行驶，那为何不新建一条环城公路呢, 8.C 照应下句，意为:镇和一个大的村庄没有什么两样，街道狭窄，本来就不是为通行这么多车辆而设计的。 9.B Be meant /intended for sth /to do sth.= be done or made for a particular purpose. 10.C Jean Lacey是一个生物系学生，由一词可知也是学生物的。 11.D 第 17 页 共 89 页 由上文可知他们要连续两周不停地敲钟制造尽可能大的噪音以迫使政府意识到噪音扰民这一问题。 12.A stand (vt.) = to bear; put up with; tolerate; endure容忍;忍受。 13.B 联系下文此处意为:不管怎么说大多数官员是不住在这儿的，他们进城来是为了参加会议。 14.A 这些官员既不住在这儿，进城里开会，又呆在有隔音功能的大厅内，很有可能注意不到噪音的严重性。 15.C mostly (adv.)意为“大多数”= most of the public were on their side. 16.B be afraid that = fear that 第 18 页 共 89 页 17.D come to stop them (from doing that)来阻止他们(这样做)。参考:come to arrest /catch themseize = to take hold of quickly, eagerly, or strongly 18.A Proper = right,suitable,correct适当的;恰当的;对的。此处意为实际上我们是正当的敲钟人———是帮助教堂敲钟的。 19.D 联系上文，他们不担心警察来阻止他们，是因为他们是专门负责帮助教堂敲钟的。没有一条法律 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 不准练习敲钟。 20.A“我在采访完这四名大学生后，离开教堂，耳边还回荡着钟声。 第 19 页 共 89 页 One day a police officer manager to get some fresh mushrooms.He was so 1 what he had bought that he offered to 2 the mushrooms with his brother officers.When their breakfast arrived the next day, each officer found some mushrooms on his plate. “Let the dog 3 a piece first,”suggested one 4 officer who was afraid that the mushrooms might be poisonous.The dog seemed to 5 his mushrooms, and the officers then began to eat their meal saying that the mushrooms had a very strang 6 quite pleasant taste. An hour 7 , however, they were all astonished when the gardener rushed on and said 8 the dog was dead. 9 , the officers jumpedsintostheir cars and rushedsintosthe nearest hospital.Pumps (泵) were used and the officers had a very 10 time getting rid of the mushrooms that 11 in their stomachs.When they 12 to the police station, they sat down and started to 13 the mushroom poisoning.Each man explained the pains that he had felt and they agreed that 14 had grown worse on their 15 to the hospital.The gardener was called to tell the way 16 the poor dog had died.“Did it 17 much before death?”asked one of the officers, 18 very pleased that he had escaped a 19 death himself.“No,”answered the gardener looker rather 20 .“It was killed the moment a car hit it.” 1.A.sure of B.careless about C.pleased with D.disappointed at 2.A.share B.grow C.wash D.cook 3.A.check B.smell C.try D.examine 4.A.frightened B.shy C.cheerful D.careful 5.A.refuse B.hate C.want D.enjoy 6.A.besides B.but C.and D.or 7.A.later B.after C.past D.over 8.A.cruelly B.curiously C.seriously D.finally 9.A.Immediately B.Carefully C.Suddenly D.Slowly 10.A.hard B.busy C.exciting D.unforgettable 11.A.stopped B.dropped C.settled D.remained 第 20 页 共 89 页 12.A.hurried B.drove C.went D.returned 13.A.study B.discuss C.record D.remember 14.A.this B.these C.it D.they 15.A.road B.street C.way D.direction 16.A.how B.in that C.which D.in which 17.A.suffer B.eat C.harm D.spit 18.A.to feel B.feeling C.felt D.having felt 19.A.strange B.painful C.peaceful D.natural 20.A.happy B.interested C.surprised D.Excited 答案与解析: 1.C 从上文中managed to get(表示好不容易买到新鲜蘑菇)，及后文offer to (=express willingness to)可知此处应选C项，意为:对„„感到满意(=satisfied with)。 2.A 有下文所发生的一切可知，此处应选A项，表示要与brother officers一起分享蘑菇的美味。 第 21 页 共 89 页 3.C try a piece = try eating a piece.蘑菇的毒性是闻不出来的，故排除B项，另外可参见下文(这只狗吃了蘑菇)。 4.D 这位军官建议先让狗吃吃看，担心蘑菇会有毒，由此可见他很细心。 5.D 从下文“the officers then began to eat their meal”可知，这只狗enjoy (eating)his mushroom。 第 22 页 共 89 页 6.B 修饰名词taste的两个形容词之间存在转折关系，故应选but, besides是介词不能连接形容词。 7.A An hour later = After an hour表示一个小时后。 8.C 警官们大为吃惊，因为园丁冲进来，很严肃很认真地说那条狗死了。 9.A 第 23 页 共 89 页 一听到狗死了，警官们立刻跳进车内，急驶向医院，C项表示没有思想就发生了，故应排除。 10.A 用洗胃器清除胃里的蘑菇，肯定是不好受的。Have a hard time (in) doing sth. = have difficulty (in) doing sth.。 11.D remained in their stomachs = were left in their stomachs残留在胃里的蘑菇。 12.D 第 24 页 共 89 页 Return = go back表示从医院回到警察局。 13.B 有下文可知，他们回来后开始讨论所吃蘑菇的毒性。 14.B these指代pains,而they指代警官。 15.C on ones way to在去某地的途中。 第 25 页 共 89 页 16.D 当先行词为way时，其定语从句引导词不用how,而应用in which。that在从句中也可表方式作状语，亦可将引导词省去。 17.A 警官们以为狗是中毒死的，所以问:“狗死前，它遭受了很多痛苦吗,” 18.B feeling作谓语动词asked的伴随状语。to feel可作目的状语，但不用逗号;felt缺少连词and,以构成并列谓语;having left表示发生在谓语的动作之前的动 作，作原因或时间状语。 第 26 页 共 89 页 19.B 中毒死是痛苦的，且上下文中用了suffer一词。 20.C 园丁对警官问的问题感到吃惊，因为他知道狗死的真相——被撞死的。 As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong.The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and 1 the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly 2 forward.At that moment, the air-hostess 3 .She looked very pale, but was quite 4 .Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 5 everyone that the pilot had 6 and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines or at 7 how to drive a car.After a moment's 8 , a man got up and followed the hostesssintosthe pilot's cabin.Moving the pilot 9 , the man took his seat and listened carefully to the 10 instructions that were being sent by 第 27 页 共 89 页 radio from the airport 11 .The plane was now dangerously close 12 the ground, but to everyone's 13 , it soon began to climb.The man had to 14 the airport several times insgroupsto become 15 with the controls of the plane. 16 the danger had not yet passed.The terrible 17came when he had to land.Following 18 , the man guided the plane toward the airfield.It shook violently 19 it touched the ground and then moved rapidly 20 the runway and after a long run it stopped safely. 1.A.although B.while C.therefore D.then 2.A.shifted B.thrown C.put D.moved 3.A.showed B.presented C.exposed D.appeared 4.A.well B.still C.calm D.quiet 5.A.inquired B.insured C.informed D.instructed 6.A.fallen B.failed C.faded D.fainted 7.A.best B.least C.length D.first 8.A.hesitation B.surprise C.doubt D.delay 9.A.back B.aside C.about D.off 10.A.patient B.anxious C.urgent D.nervous 11.A.beneath B.under C.down D.below 12.A.to B.by C.near D.on 13.A.horror B.trust C.pleasure D.relief 14.A.surround B.circle C.observe D.view 15.A.intimate B.familiar C.understood D.close 16.A.Then B.Therefore C.But D.Moreover 17.A.moment B.movement C.idea D.affair 18.A.impressionB.information C.inspections D.instructions 19.A.as B.unless C.while D.so 20.A.around B.over C.along D.above 第 28 页 共 89 页 答案与解析: 1.A 本句意为尽管乘客们都已经系好安全带，他们还是被突然向前抛去。Although尽管，引导让步状语从句，符合句意。while当„„时候;therefore因此; then接着、然后。 2.B 根据上题注释，这里选择throw扔、抛，最为合适。shift转移;move移动。 3.D show展示、表明;present呈现、陈述，及物动词;expose暴露。appear出现，符合句意。 4.C well健康的;still静止的;calm镇静的;quiet安静的。前句说她看上去脸色苍白，后半句进行转折，calm最符合句意。 第 29 页 共 89 页 5.C inform通知、告诉，符合句意。inquire询问;insure保险、投保，常与aginst连用;instruct指示、指令。 6.D fallen摔倒、跌落;fail失败;fade衰弱(视力、听觉、记忆);faint昏迷、晕倒。D项最符合句意。 7.B at best最多、至多;at least至少;at length详细地;at first开始、最先。at least最符合句意。 8.A hesitation犹豫;surprise吃惊;doubt疑问;delay延迟。hesitation最符合句意。 9.B 本句意为把飞行员挪到一边。aside意为一边、旁边，符合句意。back向后;about到处;move off指车辆启程。 10.C 第 30 页 共 89 页 本句意为:这个人坐到飞行员的座位上，认真听发自下面机场通过无线电发出的紧急指令。patient耐心的;anxious焦急的;nervous紧张的，都不符合句 意。只urgent合适。 11.D beneath和under为介词，后面必需接名词。down向下地，副词。below在下方地，副词，符合句意。 12.A close与介词to连用，意为近的。其他介词不与close搭配。 13.D horror恐惧;trust信任;pleasure愉快;relief(痛苦、忧虑)解除。to one's relief意为让某人松了一口气，最符合句意。 14.B surround包围;circle盘旋;observe观察;view认为。此处选择circle，最符合句意。 15.B 第 31 页 共 89 页 be familiar with为固定搭配，意为熟悉，排除其他选项。 16.C 本句意为危险还没过去，与前句形成转折关系。选项中then表顺承，therefore表结果，but表转折，moreover表递进。 17.A 根据句意推断，空格处所填词应与when he had做同位语，故moment符合句意。movement运动，idea想法，affair事件。 18.D following„这个分词的逻辑主语应为the man，本句意思应为，这个人遵照指令，驾驶飞机朝机场飞去。impression意为印象，information消息，inspections 视察，instructions指令。 19.A as当„„的时候，符合句意。unless除非。while当„„时候，它引导的从句动作时间比as引导从句动作的时间要长。So因此，表结果，不符合句意。 20.C 第 32 页 共 89 页 本句意为:飞机沿着跑道滑行了很长一段距离后，安全地停下来了。move along是沿着„„移动的意思。around在„„周围，over在„„之上，above在„„ 上方。只有along符合句意。 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts 1 our protective blanket on 2 .Light gets through, and this is essential 3 plants to make the food which we 4 .Heat, 5 , makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays(紫 外线的) penetrate the 6 .Cosmic(宇宙的) rays of various kinds come 7 the air from outer space, but 8 quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. 9 men leave the atmosphere they are 10 to this radiation; 11 their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, 12 prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in 13 .Doses of radiation are measured in 14 called“rems(雷目)”.We all 15 radiation here on earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals.The“ 16 ”dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems; it 17 according toswheresyou live, and this is a very rough estimate.Scientists have reason to think 18 a man can 19 far more radiation 20 without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed. 1.A.for B.with C.on D.as 2.A.stars B.sun C.earth D.space 3.A.with B.from C.under D.for 4.A.use B.live C.eat D.get 5.A.again B.also C.besides D.too 第 33 页 共 89 页 6.A.environment B.space C.atmosphere D.earth 7.A.across B.to C.from D.through 8.A.valid B.enormous C.various D.proper 9.A.As soon as B.As well asC.As much as D.As possible as 10.A.shown B.exposed C.faced D.covered 11.A.but B.because C.so D.so that 12.A.get B.make C.have D.do 13.A.earth B.atmosphere C.space D.environment 14.A.pieces B.units C.parts D.elements 15.A.receive B.accept C.bring D.catch 16.A.conventional B.commonC.general D.normal 17.A.shifts B.converts C.modifies D.varies 18.A.what B.which C.that D.why 19.A.put up with B.keep up withC.come up with D.catch up with 20.A.from B.than C.as D.away 答案与解析: 1.D act as“充当、起„„作用”;act for“代表、代理”;act on“按照”。本句意为大气层起到保护伞的作用。 2.C 见上题分析。 第 34 页 共 89 页 3.D be essential for“对„„来说是首要的、基础的”，固定搭配。 4.C 只有eat与先行词food和定语从句which we„搭配。 5.D 本句意为:热不仅使我们的生产环境温度适宜，而且紫外线也能穿透大气。also一般紧跟动词;besides一般用在句前;too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。 6.C 根据上题所讲，penetrate这个动词后面应接atmosphere“大气”这个名词。 7.D 这里的come through相当于penetrate，穿透。come across“偶遇”;come to“来到”;come from“来自”。本句意为:各类来自外部空间的宇宙射线穿透大 气层„„，故选come through。 第 35 页 共 89 页 8.B Valid有效的;various各种各样的;proper合适的。在四个选项中只有enormous表示“大量的”意思。 9.A as soon as“只要”;as well as“除„„之外”;as much as“和„„一样多”;as possible as“尽可能的”。 10.B be exposed to“暴露于”，show“展示”;face“面对”。 11.A 本句前半句的意思是:“人们一离开大气层就会接触射线”;后半句意思是:“他们的太空服和太空船会阻止射线造成的损害”。前后应该是转折关系，故 用but。 12.D Do +动词原型的结构表示强调谓语动词。 第 36 页 共 89 页 13.C 由radiation和explorers可推测，应选space(太空)。本句意为射线是探险者在太空遇见的已知的最大危险。 14.B unit“单位、单元”;element“元素”;part“部分”;piece“碎片”本句意为:射线的多少可以以雷目这个测量单位测量。 15.A receive表示客观收到;accept表示主观接受。我们受到的辐射并非主观接受。 16.D conventional“传统的”;common“共同的、普通的”;general“一般的、总体的”;normal“正常的”。本句意为:我们每年接受的正常辐射量„„，故选normal。 17.D shift“移动”;convert“转换”;modify“修改”;vary“变化”。根据句意，所处地点不同，所受辐射量也不一样„„，故选varies. 第 37 页 共 89 页 18.C 本句应填入引导宾语从句的代词，而从句不缺少主语和宾语，因而不选择what和which，又加之主句是陈述语气，故选择that。 19.A put up with“忍受”，固定搭配。keep up with和catch up with意为跟上,come up with意为提出。 20.B more (radiation)后应加than。 Children model themselves largely on their parents.They do so mainly through identification.Children identify 1 a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are 2 of that parent.The things parents do and say—and the 3 they do and say to them—therefore strongly influence a child's 4 .However, parents must consistently behave like the type of 5 they want their child to become. 第 38 页 共 89 页 A parent's actions 6 affect the self image that a child forms 7 identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their 8 will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly 9 qualities in their parents will have difficulty 10 positive qualities in themselves.Children may 11 their selfimage, however, as they become increasingly 12 by peersgroupsstandards before they reach 13 . Isolated events, 13 dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a permanent 14 on a child's behavior.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, 15 , accept the divorce of their parent's or a parents early 16 .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events 17 a sign of rejection or punishment. In the same way, all children are not influenced 18 by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. 19 in the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the 20 of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. 1.A.to B.with C.around D.for 2.A.informed B.characteristic C.conceived D.indicative 3.A.gesture B.expression C.way D.extent 4.A.behavior B.words C.mood D.reactions 5.A.person B.humans C.creatures D.adult 6.A.in turn B.nevertheless C.also D.as a result 7.A.before B.besides C.with D.through 8.A.eyes B.parents C.peers D.behaviors 9.A.negative B.cheerful C.various D.complex 10.A.see B.seeing C.to see D.to seeing 11.A.modify B.copy C.give up D.continue 12.A.mature B.influenced C.unique D.independent 13.A.not B.besides C.even D.finally 14.A.idea B.wonder C.stamp D.effect 第 39 页 共 89 页 15.A.luckily B.for example C.at most D.theoretically 16.A.death B.rewards C.advice D.teaching 17.A.as B.being C.of D.for 18.A.even B.at all C.alike D.as a whole 19.A.Oh B.Alas C.Right D.As 20.A.result B.effect C.scale D.cause 答案与解析: 1.B identify与with连用，意为“把„„和„„联系起来”。 2.B 文中的意思是“„„代表他父母特点的品质和情感”。Inform“通知”;conceive“想象”;indicative“指示的”;characteristic“特点、特性”。 3.C 这里way是指父母的行为方式。gesture手势，expression表情，extent范围，这三项与上行文不符。 4.A 第 40 页 共 89 页 这里是说父母的行为方式对孩子的行为影响强烈。behavior行为，words语言，mood心情，reactions反应，均不符合题意。 5.A 这里是说父母必须始终如一地表现出想让他们的孩子成为的那种类型的人。human指人类，creatures指生物，adult指成年人。 6.C 前面是说父母的言行会强烈地影响孩子的行为，这里是说父母的言行还影响孩子的自我形象，所以用连词also。in turn依次;nevertheless然而;as a result 结果。 7.D 这里是说孩子通过鉴别身份形成自我形象，因此选择through。 8.B 根据下文:children who observe chiefly negative qualities in their parents„，可以看出答案。 9.A 第 41 页 共 89 页 由上句positive可以推测出此处要选其反义词negative。 10.B have difficulty(in)doing sth.“做„„有困难”，固定用法。 11.A 由however可以看出，这句话的意思是对前面“子女的自我形象要受到父母的言行影响”的转折。modify“修改、修饰”;give up“放弃”。copy和continue 不符合文义。 12.B influenced“受影响的”;mature“成熟的”;unique“惟一的”;independent“独立的”。句后用by„作介词短语，故此处需要一个过去分词。 13.C 这里是说“孤立的事件，甚至是富有戏剧性的事，都不一定会对孩子的行为产生永久的影响”。 14.D 第 42 页 共 89 页 have an effect on“对„„产生影响”，固定搭配。 15.B 逗号后面的一句是对前句的解释，是举例说明，故选for example。 16.A 这里or与连接的两个词都应是意义相似的令人不愉快的事，选项中与divorce相对应的词只有death。 17.A interpret与as搭配，意为“把„„理解为”。 18.C 这句是说“并不是所有的孩子同样地都受到玩具、游戏、读物、电视节目的影响。alike“同样地”，意思最接近。 19.D as“正如„„”;A、B项选择是感叹词，后面多用逗号。Right在意思上不合适。 第 43 页 共 89 页 20.B 本句意为:家庭关系的突然变化或某种经历对孩子的影响取决于他们对这些事如何理解。result“结果”;effect“影响”;scale“刻度”;cause“原因”。 There are more than forty universities in Britain—nearly twice as many as in 1960.During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created 1 converting old colleges of technologysintosuniversities.In the same period the 2 of students more than doubled, from 70000 to 3 than 200,000.By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen 4 twenty-one were in universities and about 5% of women.All the universities are private institutions.Each has its 5 governing councils, 6 some local businessmen and local politicians as 7 a few academics(大学教师).The state began to give grants to them fifty years 8 , and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its 9 from state grants.Students have to 10 fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place 11 he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and 12 unless his parents are 13 .Most 14 take jobs in the summer 15 about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside 16 during the academic year.The Department of Education takes 17 for the payment which cover the whole expenditure of the 18 , but it does not exercise direct control.It can have an important influence 19 new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly 20 of academics. 1.A.with B.by C.at D.into 第 44 页 共 89 页 2.A.amount B.quantity C.lot D.number 3.A.more B.much C.less D.fewer 4.A.with B.to C.from D.beyond 5.A.self B.kind C.own D.personal 6.A.making B.consisting C.including D.taking 7.A.good B.long C.little D.well 8.A.ago B.before C.after D.ever 9.A.suggestions B.grades C.profits D.funds 10.A.make B.pay C.change D.delay 11.A.what B.which C.where D.how 12.A.living B.drinking C.food D.shelter 13.A.poor B.generous C.kindhearted D.rich 14.A.professors B.students C.politicians D.businessmen 15.A.at B.since C.with D.for 16.A.travel B.work C.experiment D.study 17.A.responsibility B.advice C.duty D.pleasure 18.A.government B.school C.universities D.committees 19.A.at B.to C.on D.form 20.A.consisted B.composed C.made D.taken 答案与解析: 1.B by doing“通过某种方式”，其他三个介词不适用。 第 45 页 共 89 页 2.D the number of“„„的数量”，修饰可数名词。 3.A than的前面要用比较级，表示多的意思只能选more。 4.B from„to“从„„到„„”，固定搭配。 5.C its own“它自己的”。 6.C including作介词，“包括”;consist„of“由„„组成”。making和taking词意不符。 第 46 页 共 89 页 7.D as well“也，除„„之外”。其他词与well搭配，无此意思。 8.A ago是从现在算起;before是从过去某一时点算起。 9.D fund“资金”，这里是说“大学从政府的拨款中获得全部的资金”。suggestions“建议”;grades“成绩”;profits“利润”。 10.B pay fees“支付费用”。本句意为学生得支付学习和生活费用。 11.C where引导地点状语从句。 第 47 页 共 89 页 12.C lodging and food“食宿”，固定搭配。 13.D 这里是说“学生可以受到居住地政府的资助，包括食宿，除非他父母富有。 14.B 这里是说大多数学生在暑假打工大约六星期。 15.D 在这里介词for表示一段时间。 16.B work与前面的jobs相呼应。 17.A 第 48 页 共 89 页 take responsibility for“对„„承担责任”，固定搭配。 18.C 这里是说教育部承担了大学的全部支付。 19.C have influence on“对„„产生影响”，固定搭配。 20.B be composed of“由„„组成”，固定搭配。 Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 . 第 49 页 共 89 页 These authorities 9 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 16 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas. 1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively 2.A.define and describe B.definition and description C.defining and describing D.have defined and described 3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until 4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of 5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions 6.A.of B.about C.for D.into 7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree 8.A.by B.to C.off D.for 9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact 10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently 11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading 12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as 13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually 14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity 第 50 页 共 89 页 15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded 16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated 17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock 18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps 19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as 20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand KEYS AND ANALYSIS: 1.B substantively“实质地”;substantially“大量地”;substitutively“可替代地”;subjectively“主观地”。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。 2.C 在这里to是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中the reading process前也应有动词，故选动名词。 3.A although表示“尽管”，符合句意。 第 51 页 共 89 页 4.A involve使卷入、包括;被动语态时用be involved in;没有involve to和involve of的用法。 5.D mental function智力活动。Opinion“ 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 ”;manner“行为”;effect“影响”，这三项与mental搭配不妥。 6.B disagree about/on“对„„有不同意见”，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。 7.A view„as把„„看作。 8.D stand for“代表”;stand by“支持”;stand to“遵守”;stand off“冷淡”。 9.B 第 52 页 共 89 页 contend“争论”;content“含量、容量”;contempt“轻视、蔑视”;contact“接触、联系”。根据句意，此处应选contend，意为这些权威争论说„„。 10.A inexplicably“无法解释地”;inextricably“无法摆脱的”;inexpressibly“说不出地”;inexpediently“不适当地、不明智地”。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。 11.A interpreting“理解”;explaining“解释”。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。 12.C 在这里according to some是说“根据一些人的观点”。 13.D actually“事实上地”;practical是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里actually和前半句的theoretical是在词意上的相对，符合句意。 14.B 第 53 页 共 89 页 代词its后接名词，四项选择中只有B、D项是名词。entirety“整体”;entity“实体”。in its entirety指整体地、全面地。 15.C be classified as“被划分、被分类到”;be granted“被授予”。 16.C conclusive“确定的”;inclusive“包括的、包围的”;inclinable“倾向于、赞成的”;complicated“复杂的”。the most conclusive是最高级，指最确定性的。 17.D unlock“解开、破译”;elaborate“详细说明、论述”;define“解释、限定”;break up“解散”。 18.A for various purposes因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。 19.C 此处用副词so修饰widely。 第 54 页 共 89 页 20.B 根据文意，此处要作总结，选in short“总之”。By the way顺便说，So far到目前为止，on the other hand另一方面。 Today, most countries in the world have canals.Many countries have built canals near the coast, and parallel 1 the coast.Even in the twentieth century, goods can be moved more cheaply by boat than by any other 2 of transport.These 3 make it possible for boats to travel 4 ports along the coast without being 5 to the dangers of the open.Some canals, such as the Suez and the Panama, save ships weeks of time by making their 6 a thousand miles shorter.Other canals permit boats to reach cities that are not 7 on the coast, still other canals 8 landsswheresthere is too much water, help to 9 fields wherethere is not enough water, and 10 water power for factories and mills.The size of a canal 11 on the kind of boats going through it.The canal must be wide enough to permit two of the largest boats using it to 12 each other easily.It must be deep enough to leave about two feet of water 13 the keel of the largest boat using the canal.When the planet Mars was first 14 through a telescope, people saw that the round disk of the planet was criss-crossed by a 15 of strange blue-green lines.These were called“canals”16 they looked the same as canals on earth 17 are viewed from an airplane.However, scientists are now 18 that the Martian phenomena are really not canals.The photographs 19 from space-ships have helped us to 20 the truth about the Martia“canals”. 1.A.off B.with C.to D.by 第 55 页 共 89 页 2.A.way B.means C.method D.approach 3.A.waterways B.waterfronts C.channels D.paths 4.A.among B.between C.in D.to 5.A.revealed B.exposed C.opened D.shown 6.A.trip B.journey C.voyage D.route 7.A.lain B.stationed C.set D.located 8.A.escape B.drain C.dry D.leak 第 56 页 共 89 页 9.A.water B.wet C.soak D.irrigate 10.A.furnish B.afford C.offer D.give 11.A.focuses B.bases C.depends D.takes 12.A.cross B.pass C.move D.advance 13.A.down B.below C.beneath D.off 14.A.studied B.researched C.surveyed D.observed 第 57 页 共 89 页 15.A.few B.number C.deal D.supply 16.A.although B.because C.so D.if 17.A.that B.where C.when D.as 18.A.exact B.definite C.certain D.decisive 19.A.held B.taken C.got D.developed 20.A.find B.expose C.uncover D.discover 第 58 页 共 89 页 答案与解析: 1.C parallel to“与„„平行”，固定搭配。 2.B means of transport“交通工具”，固定搭配。 3.A waterways“水道”;waterfronts指城市的滨水区;channels指海峡;paths指小路。 4.B between指在两个港口间航行。among指三个或三个以上。 5.B expose“使暴露、面临”后接to;reveal“显示”;show“展示”;open意为打开。本句意为暴露在危险面前。 第 59 页 共 89 页 6.C voyage特指水上航行，其他选项均与水无关。 7.D locate“位于”;stationed“住扎于”;set“放置于”。lie则不用被动式。 8.B drain指排掉(过多的水);其他选项不符合题意。 9.D irrigate指灌溉;soak浸泡，及其他选项不符合题意。 10.A 与介词for搭配的只有furnish。 第 60 页 共 89 页 11.C depend on“取决于”;base on“把„„基于”;take on“承担”;focus on为集中注意力。 12.B 本句的意思是“运河必须有能够允许两条最大的船通过的宽度”。只有pass“通过“符合句意。Cross“穿过、横跨”与句意不符。 13.C beneath指在„„以下，表示位置;down指向下，表方向;below用于抽象概念;off表示距离。 14.D 表示“用„„观测”，要用observe;study、research指系统研究;survey指调查、检查。 15.B a few of是一些的意思，修饰可数名词;a deal of不能修饰可数名词;a number of指大量的;无a supply of的用法。 第 61 页 共 89 页 16.B 根据句意，这里要用表原因的连词来引导一个状语从句。 17.A 此处用that指代canals。 18.C 在四个选项中，只有certain有确信的意思。exact和definite的主语应为事物，decisive不符合句意。 19.B take photographs是固定搭配，意为拍照。 20.D discover指发现抽象的事物;find指发现实物;expose指暴露;uncover指揭开。后两词不符合句意。 第 62 页 共 89 页 Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes.They are left in the <1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes> of strangers for the rest of their lives.Their<2.A.growing B.grown C.being grown D.having grown> children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any <3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal> visitors.The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an <4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery> story.In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care <5.A.that B.this C.those D.these> elderly people need.Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied <6.A.when B.how C.what D.where> the American family is changing.He reported that by the time the <7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average> American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. <8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas> , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years <9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately> , family members must provide long term care.More psychologists have found that all caregivers <10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent> a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best <11.A.person B.people C.character D.man> for the job.In other words, they all felt that they <12.A.would B.will C.could D.can> do the job better than anyone else.Social workers <13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate>caregivers to find out why they took <14.A.in B.up C.on D.off> the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative.Many caregivers believed they had <15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation> to help their relative.Some stated that helping others <16.A.cause B.enable C.make D.get> them feel more useful.Others hoped that by helping <17.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.anybody> now, they would deserve care when they became old and <18.A.elderly B.dependent C.dependable D.independent> .Caring for the elderlyand being taken care of can be a <19.A.similarly B.differently C.mutually D.certainly> satisfying experience for everyone who might be <20.A.involved B.excluded C.included D.considered> . 答案与解析: 第 63 页 共 89 页 1.A 本句意为他们的业余生活要由陌生人来照料。in the hands of“由„„控制或照料”，固定搭配。 2.B grown children过去分词作定语，意为长大的孩子。 3.C regular“定期的、有规律的”;normal“正常的”;constant“经常的”;lasting“持续的”，这里指定期来看望的人。 4.A imaginary“不真实的、虚构的”;imaginable“可想象的”;imaginative“富于想象力的”;imagery意为肖像。 5.A that引导定语从句。 第 64 页 共 89 页 6.B 根据上下文，how引导宾语从句，表示“如何、怎么样”。 7.D average指一般、通常的情况;common表示“普通的”，强调大部分;ordinary与special相对立，强调普遍性;standard“ 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的”。 8.C 用moreover“而且”，表示两句间递进的关系。如果further加上more，也表示递进关系。 9.B ago“以前”，指从现在算起;before是从过去某个时刻算起。 10.A share，共享的，常与common搭配。consent同意。 11.B 第 65 页 共 89 页 这里要用复数，故选people。 12.C would表示一种意愿，can表示能力。主句是过去时，故选could。 13.B questioned和inquired表示“询问、疑问”;interrogate“审问”。故interviewed“面试、访问”符合句意。 14.C take on“承担”;take in“欺骗、收容”;take up“从事”;take off“脱下”、“起飞”。take on符合句意，承担照顾年老亲戚的责任。 15.D obligation“责任、义务”;admiration“羡慕”;initiative“首创的，开始的”;necessity“必要性”。本句与上句意思相近，故选obligation。 16.C make sb do sth.表示“使某人„„”，符合句意。 第 66 页 共 89 页 17.A someone在这里泛指某个人。Anyone、anybody指任何人，everyone指每个人。 18.B dependent“依靠别人的”;dependable“可靠的”;independent“独立的”。 19.C mutually“共同地”;similarly“同样地、相似的”;differently“不同地”;certainly“当然地”。只有共同地符合句意。 20.A involved“涉及、牵涉到”;included“包含”;excluded“排除在外、不包括”;considered“考虑到”。本句意为可能涉及到的每一个人。 第 67 页 共 89 页 We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract.It should be noted, however, that this contract does not 1 the same form in different societies.In Western societies, the 2 of a man and a woman 3 given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official 4 by the state.In some African so cieties, 5 , marriage has nothing to do 6 an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 7 of goods.Generally 8 is the bridegroom who is required to make a 9 of goods to the bride's kin(亲戚), though sometimes a payment is 10 made by the bridegroom's kin to that of the bride. Among the Nuer, a 11 living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the bride's kin, 12 as bridewealth, is in the 13 of cattle.Once the 14 of bridewealth is agreed 15 , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a 16 union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable 17 of the husband.They remain 18 children even 19 the wife subsequently leaves him to live with 20 man. 1.A.make B.get C.take D.do 2.A.condition B.difference C.union D.divorce 3.A.is B.are C.was D.were 4.A.recognizing B.recognize C.to recognize D.recognized 5.A.however B.yet C.though D.still 6.A.with B.from C.for D.to 7.A.exchange B.contactC.communication D.connection 8.A.that B.this C.one D.it 9.A.money B.paymentC.cost D.consumption 10.A.also B.too C.either D.as well 11.A.a person B.a people C.a man D.a couple 12.A.called B.known C.named D.looked 13.A.shape B.size C.form D.type 14.A.amount B.number C.figure D.volume 15.A.upon B.with C.to D.for 第 68 页 共 89 页 16.A.legal B.casual C.direct D.progressive 17.A.bride B.cattle C.wealth D.children 18.A.his B.her C.their D.ones 19.A.before B.because C.while D.if 20.A.other B.another C.more D.farther 答案与解析: 1.C 本句意为在不同的社会里,这种合约采取不同的形式。take the form of是固定搭配,意为“采取„„形式”。 2.C 本句是说“在西方社会,男女的结合只有由政府认可的官员登记后才成为合法婚姻。”union“结合";difference“区别”;condition“条件”;divorce“离婚”。 3.A 主语是the union，为单数，从上下文的时态看应用现在时。 第 69 页 共 89 页 4.D 过去分词做定语修饰official，意为被认可的官员。 5.A though为连词，连接主语和从句，表“虽然„„但是”;yet一般用在否定句或疑问句尾，表示“已经”;still用在动词前后，表示“仍然”;however可用 逗号与前后隔开，在意思上与前句转折。 6.A have nothing to do with,与„„无关，固定搭配。 7.A 符合商品交换的选项只有exchange。contact“接触”;communication指“交流、交换(消息)”;connection“连接”。 8.D 此处是强调句型，It is„who/that结构，故只能用it. 第 70 页 共 89 页 9.B make a payment of是固定搭配，意为“支付”。money是不可数名词，故不能用a money。cost和consumption是花费、消费的意思，后面一般没有to的结 构。 10.A also一般跟着谓语动词;too与as well一般放在句尾，too有时也放在句中，用逗号隔开。 11.B a people“一个民族”，a people living in southern Sudan是Nuer的同位语，从among the Nuer中可以看出，选项不可能是a man或a person或a couple。 12.B be known as，作为„„而得名;如用call或name，后面的as应去掉。 13.C in the form of“以„„形式”,固定搭配。 第 71 页 共 89 页 14.A number、figure表示数字;volume意为“容量”;只有amount“数量”可与新娘彩礼相搭配。 15.A 动词agree后面可接不同的介词，agree on/upon表示就一点双方达成一致意见;agree to同意对方建议;agree with同意某人意见，双方在观点意见上的吻 合。无agree for的说法。 16.A casual“偶尔的”;progressive“进步的”;direct“直接的”。根据上下文。此处应填legal“合法的”。 17.D “联姻的后代成为”，不可能选bride或cattle。但从后面的句子中可以看出，此处选children最为合适。 18.A 本句的意思是“即使妻子离开丈夫后，同别人生活，他们的孩子应属于夫方。His指代husband。 第 72 页 共 89 页 19.D 根据上题的译文，本句用even if“即使”，符合句意。 20.B other后接复数名词;表示单数概念时用another。 Today the car is the most popular sort of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 1 the horse as a 2 of everyday transportation. Americans use their car for 3 90% of all 4 business.Most Americans are able to 5 cars.The average price of a 6 made car was ,050 in 1950, ,470 in 1960 and up to ,750 7 1975.During this period American car manufacturers set about 8 their products and work efficiency.As aresult, the yearly income of the 9 family increased from 1950 to 1975 10 than the price of cars.For this reason 11 a new car takes a smaller 12 of a familys total earnings today.In 1951 13 it took 8.1 months of an average familys 14 to buy a new car.In 1962 a new car 15 8.3 of a familys annual earnings, by 1975 it only took 4.75 16 income.In addition, the 1975 cars were technically 17 to models from previous years.The 18 of automobile extends throughout the economy 19 the car is so important to American.Americans spend more money 20 keeping their cars running than on any other item. 第 73 页 共 89 页 1.A.denied B.reproduced C.replaced D.ridiculed 2.A.means B.mean C.types D.kinds 3.A.hardly B.nearly C.certainly D.somehow 4.A.personal B.personnel C.manual D.artificial 5.A.buy B.sell C.race D.see 6.A.quickly B.regularly C.rapidly D.recently 7.A.on B.in C.before D.after 8.A.raising B.making C.reducing D.improving 9.A.unusual B.smallest C.average D.biggest 10.A.slower B.equal C.faster D.less 11.A.bringing B.obtain C.bought D.purchasing 12.A.part B.half C.number D.quality 13.A.clearly B.proportionally C.percentage D.suddenly 14.A.income B.work C.plans D.debts 15.A.used B.spent C.cost D.needed 16.A.months B.years C.family D.year 17.A.famous B.superior C.fastest D.better 18.A.running B.notice C.influence D.affect 19.A.then B.as C.so D.which 20.A.to B.in C.of D.for 答案与解析: 1.C 第 74 页 共 89 页 汽车取代了马，成为日常交通工具。replace“取代”;deny“否定、否认”;reproduce“复制”;ridicule“嘲笑”。故选replace。 2.A 句意见上题。means指“工具”，复数形式作单数理解，其他几项不符合句意。 3.B nearly“接近”;hardly“几乎不”;certainly“肯定”;somehow“设法”。接近90%符合句意。 4.A personal“个人的”;personnel“人事的”;manual“手工的”;artificial“人造的”。本句意为:美国人使用汽车百分之九十是为了个人的业务。 5.A 根据上下文,本句的意思应该是“大部分的美国人能够买车”。 6.B 根据上下文这里应该是指“有规律”的生产。 第 75 页 共 89 页 7.B 指的是在1975年，与前面的in 1950对应。) 8.D 本句的意思是“汽车生产商开始改进产品，提高效率”，只有improve“改进”符合句意。Raise提高; make制造; reduce减少。 9.C 根据上下文，只能选average“平均”。Unusual不同寻常的。 10.C 本句的意思是“家庭收入的增长速度比汽车价格上涨的速度快”。 11.D 本句缺主语，只有A和D可作主语，但A项的意思不符。purchasing“购买”，符合句意。 第 76 页 共 89 页 12.A 本句指的是家庭收入较小的一部分，不是指具体的数目。 13.B 此处需要用副词，先排除percentage这个名词，其他选项中只有proportionally“相应、成适当比例的”符合句意。本句句意是，“在不同年代车价与家庭 收入按比例增加”，其他两项意思不符。 14.A 本句指的是家庭收入，只有income符合句意。 15.C 在表示某物花费某人多少钱的意思时，若物为主语，动词要用cost。 16.A 本句指的是4.75个月的收入。 第 77 页 共 89 页 17.B 本句意为在1975年出产的汽车在工艺上比前些年出产的各种型号的汽车优越。be superior to“比„„优越”;be better后面要接than;famous“著名的”; fastest“最快的”。 18.C 本句意为汽车的影响涉及整个经济。influence“影响”;affect是动词，不符合语法;running和notice不符合句意。 19.B 这里as引导原因状语从句。 20.B spend (in) doing sth.是固定搭配。 第 78 页 共 89 页 In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary.First, there are those words 1 which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 2 ,that is to say, from the 3 of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 4 we should know and use 5 we could not read or write.They 6 the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 7 the language.Such words may be called“popular”, since they belong to the people 8 and are not the exclusive 9 of a limited class.On the other hand, our language 10 a multitude of words which are comparatively 11 used in ordinary conversation.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little 12 to use them at home or in the market-place.Our 13 acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's 14 or from the talk of our school-mates, 15 from books that we read, lectures that we 16 ,or the more 17 conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular 18 in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 19 of everyday life.Such words are called“learned”, and the 20 between them and the“popular”words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process. 1.A.at B.with C.by D.through 2.A.study B.imitate C.stimulate D.learn 3.A.mates B.relatives C.members D.fellows 4.A.which B.that C.those D.ones 5.A.even B.despite C.even if D.in spite of 6.A.mind B.concern C.care D.involve 7.A.hire B.apply C.adopt D.use 8.A.in public B.at most C.at large D.at best 9.A.right B.privilege C.share D.possession 10.A.consists B.comprises C.constitutes D.composes 11.A.seldom B.much C.never D.often 12.A.prospect B.way C.reason D.necessity 13.A.primary B.first C.principal D.prior 14.A.tips B.mouth C.lips D.tongue 第 79 页 共 89 页 15.A.besides B.and C.or D.but 16.A.hear of B.attend C.hear from D.listen 17.A.former B.formula C.formal D.formative 18.A.theme B.topic C.idea D.point 19.A.border B.link C.degree D.extent 20.A.diversion B.distinction C.diversity D.similarity 答案与解析: 1.B 本句中由with which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those words。短语become acquainted with sb./sth.意为“认识某人，了解某事。” 2.D imitate意为“模仿”，stimulate意为“刺激，激发”。study和learn都有“学习”的意思，study着重研究，而learn指一般性的学习，故选D。 3.C mate意为“伙伴，同事”，可组成复合名词，如:classmate同学，roommate同房间的人。relative意为“亲戚”，member意为“成员”，family member意为“家庭成员”，fellow意为“伙伴，家伙”。 第 80 页 共 89 页 4.A which引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词those words,关系代词that只能在限制性定语从句中代替which。 5.C even if在这里引导条件状语从句。Even是副词，不能引导状语从句。In spite of和despite表示“尽管”，为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。 6.B 本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情，是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。Concern意为“涉及”,mind和care表示“介意，计较”，relate表示“讲述、叙述”。 7.D use意为“使用”，apply意为“运用”，hire意为“雇用”，adopt意为“采纳”。 8.C at large意为“普遍的、一般的”，in public意为“公开地、当众”，at most意为“至多、不超过”，at best意为“充其量、至多”。 第 81 页 共 89 页 9.C share意为“份额、共享”。right和privilege意为“权利、特权”，在本句不符合题意。possession意为“拥有、占有”，通常指拥有财物。 10.B comprise“包含、包括、由„„组成”。compose常用于被动结构be composed of表示“由„„组成”。consist是不及物动词，必须和of组成短语动词表示“由„„组成”，constitute意为“构成”。 11.A seldom意为“不经常、很少”。 12.D prospect意为“前景”;way“方式”;reason“理由”;necessity“必要性”。本句只有necessity符合句意。 13.B 本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里，也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的„„”first“第一、首先”;primary“基本的、原始的”;prior“优先的、在先的”;principal“主要的、首要的”。 第 82 页 共 89 页 14.C learn sth from ones lips是固定搭配，表示“从某人嘴里得知”。 15.D but在这里表示转折的含义。 16.B attend a lecture“参加一个讲座”。 17.C formal“正式的”;former“以前的”;formula“公式、方程”;formative“形成的”。 18.B topic“话题”;theme“主题”;point“ 要点 综治信访维稳工作要点综治信访维稳工作要点2018综治平安建设工作要点新学期教学工作要点医院纪检监察工作要点 ”。本句指讨论的话题，故选topic。 第 83 页 共 89 页 19.D degree和extent均可表示程度，但extent还可表示“范围”。本句意为:„„讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围，所以选extent。Border边界，link连 接。 20.B diversion“转移、转向”;distinction“差别”;diversity“多样性、变化”;similary“相似之处”。本句意为:学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别，故选 distinction。 Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 1 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always in the heart of a town.This street was 2 on both sides with many 3 businesses.Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries. 4 ,some shops offered 5 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoerepair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 6 in the 1950s, a change began to 7 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 8 too few parking places were 9 shoppers.Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 10 the city limits.Open space is what their cardriving customers needed.And open space is what they got 11 the first shopping centre was built.Shopping centres, or rather malls, 12 as a collection of small new stores 13 crowded city centres. 14 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 15 areas to outlying malls.And the growing 16 of shopping centres led 17 to the building of bigger and betterstocked stores. 18 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves.In addition to providing the 19 of onestop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks,20 benches,fountains,and outdoor entertainment. 第 84 页 共 89 页 1.A.As early as B.Early C.Early as D.Earlier 2.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined 3.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixedup 4.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well 5.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services 6.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But 7.A.be taking place B.take placeC.be taken place D.have taken place 8.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then 9.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for 10.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside 11.A.when B.while C.since D.then 12.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized 13.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near 14.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed 15.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown 16.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking 17.A.on turn B.in turn C.by turns D.further 18.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards 19.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness 20.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided 第 85 页 共 89 页 答案与解析: 1.B as early as的意思为“同„„一样早”, early是副词，“早期”的意思，earlier是比较级“较早”的意思。 2.D 本句的意思是“街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店”，build的意思是“建造，修建”，design的意思是“设计”，intend“意思是“打算”，line是“沿„„排列”的意思。 3.B varied是“变化多端”的意思，various为“各种各样的”，sorted意为“分类的”，mixedup意为“困惑的，迷惘的，不适应社会的”。本句意为“各种各样的商店”。 4.C 本句的意思是“除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务”，apart from意为“除此之外”，后必须接名词或动名词，however是连词“然而”的意思，in addition可单独使用，意为“除此之外”，as well用在句末。 5.D medical care意为“医疗 护理 卵巢癌的护理查房优质护理服务内容doc优质护理服务内容肺癌的护理常规消毒供应室优质护理 ”。food是“食物”，cosmetic是“化妆品”，service是“服务”，根据上题意思，service一词放在这里最合适。 第 86 页 共 89 页 6.D 本句的意思是“在五十年代，情况发生了变化”，有转折的意思。suddenly和abruptly都是“突然”的意思，contrarily指“相反地”，but是“但是”的意思,表转折。 7.B take place只有主动语态，故可排除C，而begin to后应接动词不定式，只有take place“发生”可用。 8.A 此句中太多的汽车和太少的停车场有相对比较的意思，while是连词，有“而，却”的意思，表比较。yet“然而”，表转折，though“尽管，虽然”，表让步。 9.B be available to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人来说可用的，可得到的”，本句意为“顾客可用的停车场地”，故选B。 10.D 第 87 页 共 89 页 本句意为“商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣”，out of表示“„„的外面”而outside指“超过某一个界限，范围等”。 11.A 这里是一个时间状语从句。因此用when(在„„时候)。while指“在„„期间”;since表示“自从”，主句一般用完成时。 12.A 本句的意思是“购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的”，只有started as有此意。 13.B 本句意为“远离拥挤的市中心”, out of指“在„„之外”，away from表示距离，“远离”，next to指“靠近，下一个”，near是“近”的意思。 14.A 本句意为“被„„所吸引”，surprise意为“使„„惊奇”，delight意为“使„„喜悦”，enjoy意为“欣赏,喜爱”。 15.D 本句意为“顾客从市区被吸引到城市以外的商业中心”，只有downtown“市区”符合此意。 第 88 页 共 89 页 16.C 本句意为“这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成”。distinction声望;fame卓越，好名声;popularity名气很大，知名 度很高;liking喜爱，喜好。故选C。 17.B 根据上题解释，in turn应为“依次”的意思，引申为“反过来”。 18.A 在这四个选项中，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用，意为“到„„为止”,其他三个选项均被排除。 19.C 这里convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便，便利”，符合上下文义。 20.C 介词with在这里的意思是“带有”，本句意为“商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园”。 第 89 页 共 89 页