《住宅建筑规范》与住宅消防设计（Residential building code and residential fire design）

《住宅建筑规范》与住宅消防设计（Residential building code and residential fire design） 《住宅建筑规范》与住宅消防设计(Residential building code and residential fire design) "Residential building code" and residential fire design Author: Yuan Yizhi source: Guangdong Corps release time: 2008-7-2 15:27:02 browsing times: 9287 Abstract: by comparing the differences between the residential building codes and the relevant regulations of the current national fire technical standards, the author puts forward the viewpoint of residential fire protection design. Key words: standard residential fire design 1 Preface The residential building code was issued in November 30, 2005 and implemented in March 1, 2006. "Residential building codes" (hereinafter referred to as the scale of housing and building fire prevention design specification) "(hereinafter referred to as the" building regulations), "fire protection design of tall buildings (hereinafter referred to as" high regulation) are current national technical standards for fire, but residential design elements have a different, specific the provisions on residential safety evacuation and fire facilities are quite different, bring their differences to the architectural design and fire design audit work, and even cause chaos. 2, "residential building code" and the current fire code provisions of the difference 2.1, the concept of residential construction The residence regulation 2.0.1 stipulates that residential buildings are defined as houses for families to live in, including residential areas in the same building as other functional spaces. "High regulation" does not require a specific concept of housing, only a clear concept of the building and building, according to the provisions of the "3.0.1" high regulation for public building, commercial building, fire protection design of public buildings and residential buildings have totally different requirements. 2.2 building storeys The provisions of the "9.1.6" when the scale of housing, housing and other functional space in the same building, the residential part of the layer and other functional layers of space superposition calculation of building layers, when building a layer or several layers of more than 3m, to deal with these layers according to its high degree divided by the sum of 3M the number of calculations, the remainder is less than 1.5m, the excess is not included in the building, the remainder is greater than or equal to 1.5m, a part of a calculated. "Gao Jing" does not specify the method of determining the number of storeys of a building. The number of storeys is a natural layer. Building storey is an important parameter of building fire protection design, and different building layers may decide the classification difference of buildings, so as to determine the fire protection design requirements of buildings. 2.3 fire lane "Residential regulation" 9.8.1 provides that 10 or more than 10 storeys of residential buildings should be equipped with ring fire lane, or at least along the long side of the building set fire lane. "High regulation" 4.3.1 stipulates that high-rise buildings should be around the ring fire lane, when there is a ring fire lane difficult, you can along the two long side of high-rise building fire lane. According to the regulations, a fire lane set up along a long side of a high-rise residential building, and the requirement of setting fire roads along the two long sides of a high-rise building, is clearly in conflict with the requirements of the "high standard". 2.4 fire elevator "Living rules" 9.8.3 regulations: 12 and 12 storeys above the residential fire control elevator should be set up. "High regulation" provisions: residential tower, 12 6.3.1 and 12 layers above the unit type and type of residential corridor. "Regulations" provisions of living buildings set fire elevator only parameters determining the building layers, and the "high regulation" provisions of the building fire elevator set conditions, not only consider the storeys of the building, but also consider the building form. 2.5 evacuation width "Regulations" provisions: 5.2.1 live in the corridor and public parts of channel width should not be less than 1.2m; 5.2.3: staircase width not less than 1.1M. "Construction regulations" 5.3.13 provides: evacuation corridors and staircases minimum width should not be less than 1.1m, not more than six units of residential buildings, with one side of the railings of the evacuation staircase, the minimum width of not less than 1m. "High regulation" 6.1.9 provides: real aisle width single cloth of residential building is not less than 1.2m, double-sided cloth housing is not less than 1.3m; 6.2.9: the minimum width of residential building staircases for 1.1M. "Living rules" on the aisle and staircase evacuation width of the provisions of a more unified, simple and clear, and "construction regulations" and "high standard" provides specific requirements under different circumstances. 2.6 safe evacuation "Regulations" provisions: 9.5.1 live 10 storey residential buildings, residential units when any single layer construction area of more than 650m2, or any of the suite door to safe exit distance is greater than 15m, the residential unit safety exit of each layer should not be less than 2; the 10 layer and residential buildings more than 10 storeys but not over 18, when any residential unit storey building area of more than 650m2, or any of the suite door to safe exit distance is greater than 10m, the residential unit safety exit of each layer should not be less than 2; the 19 layer and residential buildings more than 19 storeys, each residential unit exits each layer should not be less than 2. "High regulation" provisions of 6.1.1: 18 layers and 18 layers, each layer is not more than 8 households, construction area of not more than 650m2, and is provided with a smoke proof staircase and fire lift tower housing can be a safe exit; 18 layer and 18 layer below each unit is provided with a seat to the roof of the staircase, unit between the stairs through the roof connected, can meet the conditions set up a safe exit; more than 18 layers, each unit is provided with a seat to the roof of the staircases, more than 18 layers each layer of adjacent units connected through the balcony or porch, can meet the conditions set up a safe outlet. The regulations on safe evacuation only consider two factors, namely, evacuation distance (or floor area) and storey number of buildings, but the specific provisions of "Gao Jing" are rather complicated. 2.7 fire, water supply and fire fighting facilities "Living rules" 9.6.2 regulations: 35 and 35 storeys of residential buildings should be set up sprinkler systems. "High standard" 7.6.1 provides: more than 100m high building, in addition to the central air-conditioning and door for the first class fire doors of residential indoor use, should be set up sprinkler system. "Regulations" provisions of residential living sprinkler system is based on the parameters of building layer, the "high regulation" provisions of residential sprinkler systems based on the parameters is the height of the building, the two provisions can easily cause differences in specific engineering requirements. For example, residential buildings for the 34 storey, storey height of 3M, building height of 102m, according to "living rules" stipulates that the automatic sprinkler system is not required, according to the "high standard" should be set up sprinkler systems. Another residential, 35 storey, storey 2.8m, height 98m, According to "living rules" stipulates that sprinkler systems should be set, according to the "high standard" provides that the sprinkler system is not required. 2.8 automatic fire alarm system "Living rules" 9.7.2 regulations: 35 and 35 storeys of residential buildings should set up automatic fire alarm system. "High standard" 9.4.1 stipulates: building height of more than 100m high-rise buildings, should be set up automatic fire alarm system. According to the different regulations of the two technical standards, the difference in the setting requirements of the automatic fire alarm system is the same as that of the sprinkler system. 2.9 fire power supply "Living regulations" 9.7.1 provides: 10 and 10 storeys of residential buildings fire power supply should not be less than two load requirements. "High standard" 9.1.1 stipulates: a class of high-rise buildings should be required to load a power supply, two types of high-rise buildings should be required by the two level load power supply. Obviously, the requirement of fire protection for residential buildings is higher than that of "residential regulation". 3 suggestions 3.1, the concept of residential architecture Compared with the residential buildings public buildings, has a small unit size, fewer personnel, small fire load and fire hazard and fire loss and fire society has little effect on the characteristics of fire protection design requirements of residential buildings was significantly lower than that of public buildings, residential buildings and the no matter whether he function space in the same building, there are necessary to distinguish between residential buildings and other construction function to reflect the design of building fire safety applicable and reasonable "principle. "Construction regulations" and "high regulations" should also define the concept of residential construction, and maintain the unity of concepts. Due to the different fire danger of residential buildings and other functions of the buildings, residential and other functions when the space in the same building, or whether it is high-level multi-storey buildings, between residential and non residential part part should be adopted on fireresistance windows and doors is not less than 1.5h and not burning floors and 2.00h not burning body the partition wall and the residential part completely blocked, and exit the residential part and staircases should set up independently. 3.2 determine the number of storeys of the building Building height has a direct bearing on the degree of difficulty in building evacuation, the degree of difficulty of external rescue and the direct parameter of fire causing property damage. But each fire district area of residential buildings are not large, but also has good fire separation, the spread of fire are subject to certain restrictions, little harm, starting from the contradiction between security and economy, residential construction in layers as a measure of height index. The provisions of the "Regulations" to live on the residential construction of the layer is very good with the height of the building and building layers two parameters in the design, has a very positive meaning, other fire protection design code may refer to. 3.3 set fire lane according to specific conditions The fire lane should be set up in order to facilitate the fire truck to be close to the building, and to carry out the external fire fighting and personnel rescue. Residential buildings generally have little width, less fire risk, and the fire lane setting requirements can be lower than public buildings. But in the condition that the building has an annular fire lane, it is difficult, A fire lane should be set along a long side or two long sides of the building, depending on the specific circumstances of the building. A channel communicated such as residential buildings along the width direction only a residential layout or layout of multi family residential, is a long edge of the building set fire road; no passage between such as residential buildings along the width direction of the layout of multi family residential, it should be at least two buildings along the long side set fire road or, set fire ring road. 3.4 setting up fire elevator Fire lifts are fire fighting for firefighters to fight fires. The building set up a fire elevator mainly consider the fireman's physical condition and foot climb ability, ensure that firefighters can adapt to the high-rise building fire, so the height of the building is the main basis for building fire elevator set. Residential fire, whether residential tower or other forms of residential characteristics, roughly the same, all has the characteristics of less combustible and difficult to spread, fire elevator residential buildings set can not be considered in the form of the building. The building floor number is a parameter to measure the height of the residential building, and the setting of the fire elevator can be based on the number of storeys of the building. 3.5 determination of evacuation width The evacuation width is directly proportional to the number of people evacuated and the width of a hundred people. From the current view of the national technical standards for fire prevention, evacuation corridors and staircases of the 100 width index is the same, in particular in the building, the number of evacuation is the evacuation passage and the width of evacuation evacuation stairs should also be consistent. When the fire is considered, the safety of the evacuation stairs is higher than that of the evacuation stairs, and the minimum evacuation width of the evacuation corridor is generally larger than the minimum evacuation width of the evacuation staircase. The width of the evacuation corridor and the evacuation staircase of the residential building should be determined by the actual calculation. The determining factor of the evacuation width is the number of evacuees, which is not directly related to the layout of the room. Residential buildings generally have fewer personnel, people are familiar with the evacuation routes and evacuation corridors are not long. It is suggested that the minimum evacuation width of evacuation corridors and evacuation stairs is 1.1M. 3.6 number of exits The number of exits depends on the number of evacuees, the distance of evacuation and the height of the building. The number of residential buildings is generally not large, and the standard exit can meet the requirement of evacuation width. That is to say, the number of safe exits of residential buildings depends on the distance of evacuation and the height of the building. "Through the roof and connected adjacent units connected through the balcony or corridor between high regulation" provisions of the unit, in actual use, due to the use and management of roof space, are often unable to achieve connectivity function. According to the number of building blocks and the distance (or construction area), "living regulation" stipulates the quantity of safe export of residential buildings, and the author thinks it is advisable. 3.7 installation of fire control facilities The degree of difficulty in building fire fighting is directly related to the building height, and the relevant provisions of the fire protection facilities in the "high standard" and "residential regulations" fully reflect this point. The difference is that the "high standard" in residential buildings in the relevant provisions of the building floor as a measure of the height of the building parameters. The two parameters of building height and storey number are generally corresponding, but in some special cases there are differences. Considering the classification of high-rise residential buildings and multi-storey residential building by building layers according to classification of high-rise residential buildings in the building of the basis, for the sake of consistency, proposed that installed in the fire facilities in building storey height of the building is introduced to measure this parameter, in order to avoid the differences. 3.8 requirements for fire fighting power supply Different fire hazard for a class of high-rise residential buildings and a class of high-rise public buildings, residential fire with fire load is small, difficult to spread, less loss of the characteristics of a high-rise residential building fire power supply requirements can be reduced, the power supply of fire fighting high-rise residential buildings should not be less than two load requirements. 4 Conclusion For the "building regulations" and "high regulation" and "regulation" live on residential building fire safety design of the relevant provisions of the relevant standard management group as soon as possible to a certain form of communication and coordination, to be unified, to eliminate the fire protection design of residential buildings of the differences and disagreements.