物理专业词汇整理

..-优选专业词汇整理Subjectname:〔学科名称〕1.Calculus微积分〔学〕mathematics数学2.physics物理〔学〕：statisticalphysics统计物理〔学〕modernphysics近代物理〔学〕Classicphysics经典物理学molecularphysics分子物理学3.electromagnetism电磁学acoustics声学kinematics运动学4.mechanics力学quantummechanics量子力学5.dynamics动力学thermodynamics热力学6.generaltheoryofrelativity广义相对论Specialtheoryofrelativity狭义相对论在数学中的术语根本词汇：Function函数〔linearfunction线性函数〕equation方程〔linearequations线性方程组〕〔注解：linear是“线性〞之意〕formula公式theorem定理〔Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理〕define定义Projection投影test检验Determinant行列式minimum最小值maximum最大值2.矢量代数中的术语Vector矢量〔向量〕①向量的几个概念：magnitudeofvector矢量的大小projectionofvector矢量的投影②向量的运算：subtractionofvector矢量的减法additionofvector矢量的加法Dot(inner,scalar)product点积〔积，标量积〕Cross(vector)product叉积〔向量积〕Scalartripleproduct(mixedproduct)三重积〔混合积〕③向量的分类：intheplanevector平面向量inspacevector空间向量(unit)Tangentvector(单位)切向量(unit)normalvector〔单位〕法向量〔注解：unit有单位之意，而且与中文中的单位一样都有双重含义〕Unitvector单位向量zerovector零向量ponentvector(ponentofavector)分向量Orthogonalvector正交向量rotatingvector旋转向量④**向量positionvector位置矢量velocityvector速度矢量displacementvector位移矢量accelerationvector加速度矢量3.级数中的术语series级数根本概念：sequence序列(Fibonaccisequence斐波那契数列)convergence收敛性Term〔数列中的〕项较为常见的级数：p_seriesP—级数harmonicseries调和级数powerseries幂级数alternatingseries交织级数Taylorseries泰勒级数Geometricseries几何级数positiontermseries正项级数收敛性与发散性convergenceofseries级数的收敛性partialsum局部和Divergenceofseries级数的发散性Absoluteconvergence(theorem)绝对收敛〔定理〕conditionalconvergence条件收敛radiusofconvergence收敛半径intervalofconvergence收敛区间iteratedintegral逐次积分检验法〔审收法〕nth_termtest第N项检验法limitparisontest极限比拟检验Ratiotest比值检验Roottest根植检验alternatingseriestest交织级数审敛法geometricseriestest几何级数审敛法integraltest积分检验Basicparisontest根本比拟审敛法Rorschachtest罗氏检验逼近法Taylor’sapproximation泰勒逼近Maclaurin’sapproximation麦克劳林逼近4微积分中的术语①根本概念：Variable变量invariable不变量domainofdefinition定义域positefunction复合函数parametricequation参数方程extreme极值addition加法subtraction减法municativelaw交换律associativelaw结合律②微分概念：differentiation微分chainrule链式法那么Derivative导数：Directionalderivative(angle)方向导数〔方向角〕Partialderivative偏导数mixedsecondpartial二阶混合偏导数secondpartial二阶偏导数Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘数③积分概念：integration积分definitiveintegral定积分Riemannsum黎曼和improperintegral反常积分integraltest积分检验innerlimits积分限outerlimits积分外限integrationintegral积分区间Initialcondition初始条件integrationconstant积分常数integralcurve积分曲线sourcefunction原函数Upperboundofintegral积分上限lowerboundofintegral积分下限multipleintegral多重积分doubleintegral二重积分tripleintegral三重积分④Newton-Leibnizformula牛顿—莱布尼兹公式Fundamenttheoremofcalculus微积分根本定理5场论中的术语Field场根本概念：scalarfield标量场operator算子vectorfield〔vector-valuedfunction〕矢量场〔矢量函数〕curl旋度divergence散度gradient(del)梯度flux通量积分：lineintegral线积分surfaceintegral面积分Independentofpath与路径无关定理：Green’stheorem格林定理Gauss’stheorem高斯定理Stoker’stheorem斯托克斯定理6．补充Limit极限limits围continuous连续的continuouseverywhere处处连续coordinatesystem〔coordinates〕坐标系quadrant象限rectangularcoordinates直角坐标系cylindercoordinates柱面坐标系sphericalcoordinates球面坐标系Cartesiancoordinates笛卡尔坐标系Polarcoordinates极坐标系三物理中的常见术语1.force(力)andinteraction(相互作用)Weakinteraction弱相互作用stronginteraction强相互作用electromagneticinteraction电磁相互作用Normalforce法向力tangentialforce切向力dragforce阻力coriolisforce科里奥利力Lorenzforce洛伦兹力elasticforce弹性力internalforce力impulsiveforce冲力inertialforce惯性力centrifugalinertialforce离心惯性力centreofforce力心forceofgravity重力frictionforce阻力staticfriction静摩擦slidingfriction动摩擦constant〔常量，常数〕gasconstant气体普适常数absoluteconstant绝对常数dampingconstant阻力常数gravitationconstant引力常数inertial(惯性)inertialforce惯性力inertialmass惯性质量noninertialframe非惯性系inertialreferenceframe惯性参考系rotationalinertia转动惯量law〔定律〕,equation〔方程〕,formula〔公式〕andtheorem〔定理〕kinematicalequation运动学方程Bernoulli’sequation伯努利方程poiseuill’sformula泊肃叶公式theoremofmomentum动量定理theoremofkineticenergy动能定理Theoremofangularmomentum角动量定理Parallelaxistheorem平行轴定理Perpendicularaxistheorem垂直轴定理conservationlawofmomentum动量守恒定律conservationlawofenergy能量守恒定律conservationlawofangularmomentum角动量守恒定律conservationlawofmechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律Newton’sfirst/second/thirdlaw牛顿三定律Lawofuniversalgravitationalforce万有引力定律Principleofsuperposition叠加原理principleofworkandenergy功能原理principleofrelativity相对性原理Hubble’slaw哈勃定律Hooker’slaw胡克定律Kepler’slaw开普勒定律konig’stheorem克尼希定理Newton-Leibnizformula牛顿—莱布尼兹公式Mass-energyequation(relation)质能方程〔关系〕Temporalbehavior暂态行为chaoticbehavior混沌行为Dopplereffect多普勒效应ptoneffect康普顿效应Two-bodyproblem两体问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 staticallyindeterminateproblem超静定问题unit(单位)anddimension(量纲)systemofunits单位制fundamentalunit根本单位derivedunit导出单位oscillation(振动)andwave(波)波中的概念;wavefront波前wavespeed波速waveequation波方程wavelength波长Wavenumber波数waveshape波形waveresistance波阻node波节antinode波腹波的类型Forcedoscillation受迫振动parametricoscillation参数动infrasonicwave次声波supersonicwave超声波soundwave声波electromagneticwave电磁波surfacewave外 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 波planewave平面波elasticwave弹性波inelasticwave非弹性波transversewave横波longitudinalwave纵波mechanicalwave机械波simpleharmonicwave(motion)简谐波〔简谐振动〕solitarywave〔solton〕孤立波〔弧子〕pressurewave压力波gravitationalwave引力波shockwave击波cosinewave余弦波sinusoidalwave正弦波standingwave驻波七referenceframe(参考系)Inertialreferenceframe惯性参考系ceter-of-massframeofreference质心参考系Movingreferenceframe运动参考系Laboratoryreferenceframe实验室参考系basicreferenceframe根本参考系八．Work〔功〕,power〔功率〕andenergy〔能量〕Elementwork元功principleofworkandenergy功能原理mechanicalenergy机械能conservationlawofmechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律conservationlawofenergy能量守恒定律Potentialenergy势能〔位能〕gravitationalpotentialenergy引力势能Kineticenergy动能theoremofkineticenergy动能定理Mass-energyrelation(equation)质能关系〔质能方程〕Mass-energyequivalence质能等价性九．Velocity(速度),acceleration〔加速度〕,coordinate〔坐标〕andmotion〔运动〕Absolutevelocity绝对速度relativevelocity相对速度terminalvelocity终极速度First/second/thirdcosmicvelocity第一/二/三宇宙速度Instantaneousvelocity/acceleration瞬时速度/加速度Angularvelocity/acceleration/coordinate角速度/角加速度/角坐标Rectilinearmotionwithconstantvelocity匀速直线运动Rectilinearmotionwithconstantacceleration匀加速直线运动Circularmotion圆周运动planemotion(translation)平面运动〔平动〕Rollingmotion滚动Linearaccelerator直线加速器cyclotron盘旋加速器十．Momentum〔动量〕andangularmomentum〔角动量〕Orbitalangularmomentum轨道角动量theoremofmomentum动量定理Theoremofangularmomentum角动量定理conservationlawofmomentum动量守恒定律conservationlawofangularmomentum角动量守恒定律十一，常见的小词Temperature温度position位置displacement位移mass质量weight重量experiment实验liquid液体Pressure压力particle质点simplependulum单摆atom原子echo回声error误差satellite人造卫星