Sigmund Freud

FreudSigmundFreud,anAustrian['ɔstriən]psychiatrist[saɪ'kaɪətrɪst],isthefounderofpsychoanalysis[,saɪkəʊə'nælɪsɪs] .Freudistheauthorof“TheInterpretationofDreams”,“AnIntroductiontoPsychoanalysis”,“TotemandTaboo”,etc.弗洛伊德（1856～1939）Freud，Sigmund奥地利精神病医生，精神分析学派的创始人。著有《梦的解析》、《精神分析引论》、《图腾与禁忌》等。MainContentFreudmainlyanalyzed“thecondensationofthedream”,“dreamoftransfer”and“doubleprocessing”,discussed“thedreamdothcontent”and“ theprincipleofwishfulfillment”.Besides,hedescribedtheOedipusComplexwhichwasusedbypsychologiesto simile [‘sɪmɪlɪ](anexpressionwhichdescribesapersonorthingasbeingsimilartosomeoneorsomethingelse)themanofthisalwaystendingtoagainstthefatherforthemother.Atthesametime,becauseofthepressureofthemoralandethical[‘eθɪk(ə)l](relatetothephilosophicalstudyofethics),he wouldhaveatendencytoself-destruction(theactofkillingyourself)andtorelievepain.theOedipusComplexMythology[mɪ'θɒlədʒɪ]inancientGreekhassuchaprediction:Oedipus,thenewbornsofthekingThebes,wouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismotheroneday.Thebeswashorrifiedbytheprediction,thenorderedtoabandonthebabyinthemountains.Ashepherd['ʃepəd]discoveredhimandsenthimtobethesonofKingatthe countrynext-door.Oedipusdidnotknowwhohisrealparentswere.Asthetimewentby,hemadealotofheroicdeedsandwonIOkasstequeenforhiswife.Aftertheplaguebrokeout,hejustknewatravelerhekilledmanyyearsagowashisfatherandthewomanwhosleptonthesamecouchwithhimwashismother.Whenheknewthetruth,hecouldn’tbearthepainintheheart,madehimeyesblindedbyathornandthenhavehimselfexiled['ɛksaɪl]（expatriate[ɪks‘pætrɪət]，bevoluntarilyabsentfromhomeorcountry）.TheInterpretationofDreamsThebookintroducesFreud‘stheoryoftheunconsciouswithrespecttodreaminterpretation.Dreams,inFreud’sview,wereallformsof“wish-fulfillment”—attemptsbytheunconscioustoresolveaconflictofsomesort,whethersomethingrecentorsomethingfromtherecessesofthepast.However,becausetheinformationintheunconsciousisinanunrulyandoftendisturbingform,a“censor”（ isapersonwhohasbeenofficiallyappointedtoexamine something）inthepreconscious[priː'kɒnʃəs]willnotallowittopassunaltered（ hasnotchangedorbeenchanged）intotheconscious.Duringdreams,thepreconsciousismorelaxinthisdutythaninwakinghours,butisstillattentive:assuch,theunconsciousmustdistortandwarpthemeaningofitsinformationtomakeitthroughthecensorship.Assuch,imagesindreamsareoftennotwhattheyappeartobe,accordingtoFreud,andneeddeeperinterpretationiftheyaretoinformonthestructuresoftheunconscious.TheUnconsciousDreamwascalled“royalroadto the unconscious”byFreud,providedthebestwaytoparticipateinthesubconscious[sʌb‘kɒnʃəs]life,whichexplainthepropercaseofsubconscious“logic”.Thislogicandconsciousnessleveldifferfromthoughtsoflogic.Thesubconsciousmindisviewedasalayerbetweentheconsciousandsubconsciousmind,anditwasnotdifficulttoexplore.Freudthoughtenlightenment[ɪn’laɪt(ə)nm(ə)nt]philosophy（educationthatresultsinunderstandingandthespreadofknowledge），positivism ['pɒzɪtɪvɪz(ə)m]（aphilosophythatacceptsonlythingsthatcanbeseenorproved）,andrationaltheoryofcompletenesscanbeunderstood,transformed,andcontrolledbythesubconsciousmind,ratherthandenyordepress.DreamInterpretationFreudthoughtdreamscanbedividedintotwolevels:thepartiestothememoryisreferredas“manifestdream-content”,whichdidn’tcontainthetruecontentofthedream.Thedreamsthattheotherpartycan’trememberare“latentdream-thought”.Whilehiddendreamimpliedamorevitalsignificance.Thepurposeofpsychotherapy[saɪkə(ʊ)'θerəpɪ](thetreatmentofmentaloremotionalproblemsbypsychologicalmeans)isthat be in namely according to patient dominant ['dɒmɪnənt]dream to parse the implicit meaning of dreams, to find out the problems in the subconscious.弗洛伊德将梦境分为两层次：当事人所记忆者称为显性梦境（manifestdream-content），显性梦境并非梦的真正内容。另一为当事人所不能记忆者为隐性梦境（latentdream-thought），隐性梦境中隐含更重要的意义。心理治疗的目的，即在根据患者显性梦去解析其隐性梦的涵义，从而找出当事人潜意识中的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。