必修三unit3课本词汇与语法

ActⅠ，Scene①3NARRATOR:Itisthesummerof1903.Twooldandwealthybrothers,RoderickandOliver,havemadeabet.OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.HisbrotherRoderickdoubtsit.Atthismoment,theyseeapennilessyoungmanwandering②onthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo③．Unit3THEMILLIONPOUNDBANKNOTERODERICK：Youngman,wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please?HENRY：Who?Me,sir?RODERICK:Yes,you.OLIVER：Throughthefrontdooronyourleft.HENRY：(Aservantopensadoor)Thanks.SERVANT：Goodmorning,sir.Wouldyoupleasecomein？Permitmetoleadtheway,sir.OLIVER：(Henryenters)Thankyou,James.Thatwillbeall④.④Thatwillbeall.意为“没你的事了。”此处all为代词，意为“一切,全部”。直译这句话为“那就是全部的事情.”RODERICK：Howdoyoudo,Mr...er...?HENRY：Adams.HenryAdams.OLIVER：Comeandsitdown,MrAdams.HENRY：Thankyou.RODERICK:You'reanAmerican?⑤⑤本句为陈述句形式的疑问句，读时仍用升调。HENRY：That'sright,fromSanFrancisco.RODERICK:HowwelldoyouknowLondon?⑥⑥Howwelldoyouknow...?意为“你熟悉……吗？”Howwell在此表示了解或熟悉的程度。HENRY：Notatall.It'smyfirsttriphere.RODERICK：Iwonder,MrAdams,if⑦you'dmindusasking⑧afewquestions.⑦Iwonderif/whether...意为“我想知道是否……”。这是委婉提出请求的常用句型。if/whether引导宾语从句。HENRY：Notatall.Gorightahead.RODERICK：Mayweaskwhatyou'redoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare?HENRY：Well,Ican'tsaythatIhaveanyplans.I'mhopingtofindwork.Asamatteroffact，IlandedinBritainbyaccident.OLIVER：Howisthatpossible?HENRY：Well,yousee,backhomeIhadmyownboat.Aboutamonthago,Iwassailingoutofthebay...(hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrothers'dinneronthetable)⑨⑨宾语从句whatisleftof...table作介词at的宾语，what在从句中作主语。OLIVER：Well,goon.HENRY：Oh,yes.Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedout⑩toseabyastrongwind.Itwasallmyfault.Ididn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.ThenextmorningI'djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlostwhenIwasspottedbyaship.⑪OLIVER：AnditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoEngland⑫．⑫本句为强调句型，强调主语theship。其中that不作句子成分，但不能省略。HENRY：Yes.ThefactisthatIearnedmypassagebyworkingasanunpaidhand,whichaccountsformyappearance.⑬IwenttotheAmericanembassytoseekhelp,but...(Thebrotherssmileateachother.)⑬本句为主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句，that不可省略；which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代workingasanunpaidhand这件事，which在定语从句中作主语。RODERICK：Well,youmustn'tworryaboutthat.It'sanadvantage.HENRY：I'mafraidIdon'tquitefollowyou,sir.RODERICK：Tellus,MrAdams,whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerica?HENRY：Iworkedforaminingcompany.Couldyouoffermesomekindofworkhere?RODERICK：PatienceMrAdams.Ifyoudon'tmind,mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave?HENRY：Well,tobehonest⑭，Ihavenone.OLIVER：(happily)Whatluck!Brother,whatluck!(clapshishandstogether)HENRY：Well,itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!Onthecontrary,infact.Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke,Idon'tthinkit'sveryfunny.(Henrystandsuptoleave)Nowifyou'llexcuseme,IthinkI'llbeonmyway.⑮⑮该句为正式的表达。I'llbeonmyway在此意为“我要走了”。RODERICK：Pleasedon'tgo,MrAdams.Youmustn'tthinkwedon'tcareaboutyou.Oliver,givehimtheletter.OLIVER：Yes,theletter.(getsitfromadeskandgivesittoHenrylikeagift)Theletter.HENRY：(takingitcarefully)Forme?RODERICK：Foryou.(Henrystartstoopenit)Oh,no,youmustn'topenit.Notyet.Youcan'topenituntiltwoo'clock.HENRY：Oh,thisissilly.RODERICK：Notsilly.There'smoneyinit.(callstotheservant)James?HENRY：Oh,no.Idon'twantyourcharity.Ijustwantanhonestjob.RODERICK：Weknowyou'rehard­working.That'swhy⑯we'vegivenyoutheletter.James,showMrAdamsout.⑯That'swhy...那就是……的原因。why在此引导表语从句，why后接表示结果的句子。That'sbecause...那是因为......OLIVER：Goodluck,MrAdams.HENRY：Well,whydon'tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout⑰？⑰whatthisisallabout“这一切是怎么回事”，作explain的宾语。句中all为副词，用来加强语气；what为about的宾语。RODERICK：You'llsoonknow.(looksattheclock)Inexactlyanhourandahalf.SERVANT：Thisway,sir.⑱⑱Thisway,sir.“请这边走，先生。”这是服务人员迎、送客人时的常用语。RODERICK：MrAdams,notuntil2o'clock⑲.Promise?⑲notuntil2o'clock是youcan'topenituntil2o'clock的省略说法。HENRY：Promise.Goodbye.ActⅠ，Scene4(OutsidearestaurantHenrylooksattheenvelopewithoutopeningitanddecidestogoin.Hesitsdownatatablenexttothefrontwindow.)OWNER:(seeingHenry'spoorappearance)Thatone'sreserved.Thisway,please.(tothewaiter)Takethisgentleman'sorder,Horace.HENRY:(aftersittingdownandputtingtheletteronthetable)I'dlikesomehamandeggsandanicebigsteak.Makeitextrathick⑳.I'dalsolikeacupofcoffeeandapineappledessert.⑳Makeitextrathick.”是祈使句，为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中extra为副词，修饰形容词thick。WAITER:Right,sir.I'mafraidit'llcostalargeamountofmoney.HENRY:Iunderstand.AndI'llhavealargeglassofbeer.WAITER:OK.(Thewaiterleavesandsoonreturnswithallthefood.)HOSTESS:Mygoodness!Why21,lookathim.Heeatslikeawolf.21why在口语中可作感叹词，意为“哎呀，嗨，呦，哟”，表示惊讶或不耐烦等，这是一种过时的用法。OWNER:We'llseeifhe'scleverasawolf22，eh?22此处为if引导的宾语从句，作see的宾语。HENRY:(havingjustfinishedeverybitoffood)Ah,waiter.(thewaiterreturns)Samethingagain,please.Oh,andanotherbeer.WAITER:Again?Everything?HENRY:Yes,that'sright.(seesthelookonthewaiter'sface)Anythingwrong?WAITER:No,notatall.(totheowner)He'saskedformoreofthesame.OWNER:Well,itiswell­knownthatAmericansliketoeatalot23.Well,we'llhavetotakeachance.Goaheadandlethimhaveit.WAITER:(readingthebillafterthemeal)Allright.That'stwoordersofhamandeggs,twoextrathicksteaks,twolargeglassesofbeer,twocupsofcoffeeandtwodesserts.HENRY:(lookingattheclockonthewall)Wouldyoumindwaitingjustafewminutes?2424“Wouldyouminddoingsth.？”是提出请求或建议的常用句型，意为“你介意做某事吗？”，即“请你做某事好吗？”。OWNER:Yes,veryinteresting.Nowperhaps,sir,ifyoupayyourbillIcanhelptheothercustomers.HENRY:(lookingattheclockonthewallagain)Well,Iseeit'stwoo'clock.(heopenstheenvelopeandholdsamillionpoundbanknoteinhishands.Henryissurprisedbuttheownerandthewaiterareshocked)I'mverysorry.But...I．..Idon'thaveanythingsmaller.OWNER:(stillshockedandnervous)Well...er...justonemoment25Maggie,look!(thehostessscreams，theothercustomerslookatherandsheputsahandtohermouth)Doyouthinkit'sgenuine？25“justonemoment”是“justwaitforonemoment”的省略形式。戏剧语言的特点是简洁和口语化。因此，本文使用了大量的省略句。HOSTESS:Oh,dear,Idon'tknow.Isimplydon'tknow.OWNER:Well,IdidhearthattheBankofEnglandhadissuedtwonotesinthisamount...Anyway,Idon'tthinkitcanbeafake.Peoplewouldpaytoomuchattentiontoabanknoteofthisamount.Nothiefwouldwantthattohappen.HOSTESS:Buthe'sinrags！OWNER:Perhapshe'saverystrange,richman.(asifhehasdiscoveredsomethingforthefirsttime)Why,yes!Thatmustbeit!HOSTESS:(hitsherhusband'sarm)Andyouputhiminthebackoftherestaurant!Goandseehimatonce.OWNER:(toHenry)I'msosorry,sir,sosorry,butIcannotchangethisbanknote.HENRY:Butit'sallIhaveonme26．26“it'sallIhaveonme”意为“我身上就只带了这些”，all在句中作表语，其后的Ihaveonme为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词all。“havesth.onsb.”意为“某人身上带了事物”。OWNER:Oh,please,don'tworry,sir.Doesn'tmatteratall.We'resoverygladthatyouevenenteredourlittleeatingplace.Indeed，sir,Ihopeyou'llcomeherewheneveryoulike27．27“wheneveryoulike”是whenever引导的让步状语从句。HENRY:Well,that'sverykindofyou.OWNER:Kind,sir?No,it'skindofyou.Youmustcomewheneveryouwantandhavewhateveryoulike28.Justhavingyousithere29isagreathonour!Asforthebill,sir,pleaseforgetit.28“whateveryoulike”是whatever引导的宾语从句，作have的宾语。29“having...here”作句子的主语，动名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。HENRY:Forgetit?Well...thankyouverymuch.That'sveryniceofyou.OWNER:Oh,it'sforustothankyou,sirandIdo,sir,fromthebottomofmyheart.(Theowner,thehostessandthewaiterallbowasHenryleaves.)1.scenen.现场,场面,景色,(戏剧)一场1)Firefighterswereonthesceneimmediately.现场2)Therockingboatsalongtheriverbankmakeabeautifulscene.景色behindthescenes在后台,在幕后,暗中onthescene在/到现场comeonthescene登场拓展3)Thelastsceneoftheplaywasveryimpressive.(戏剧)一场2)scene指展现在眼前的情景,也可指scenery的一部分,指某处小范围的景色,大多包括景物中的人及活动,可译为“情景”,“景色”,“场面”,“(戏剧)一场”3)view是指人以一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景色,还有“观点”,“看法”的意思.4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美丽的风景,也可以指悲惨的景象,用其复数sights表示名胜古迹,人文景观等.辨析：scenery/scene/view/sight1)scenery是总称,指大范围的自然风光,是由多个scene构成的景色,常译为“景色”,“风景”.2theyseeapennilessyoungmanwandering此处为seesb.doingsth.结构，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。“see+宾语+宾补”结构see+宾语+doing看见......正在做......（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系）do看见......做了beingdone看见......正在被做（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的动宾关系）done看见......被做③ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.HenryAdams的同位语who可以换成thatwhat引导宾语从句itis...who构成强调句⑧mind常考短语及句型Do/Wouldyouminddoingsth?用来客气地提出请求，意为：你介意......吗？Do/Wouldyoumindsb'sdoingsth?用来提出询问，征求意见，在非正式文体中，doing前的所有格可换为宾格。eg.Do/Wouldyoumindmy/mesittinghere?bear/keep...inmind记住bring...tomind使想起changeone'smind改变主意cometomind浮现于心中makeupone'smind下定决心（mind可数）nevermind别介意，没关系，不要紧⑩Well,towardsnightfallIfoundmyselfcarriedouttoseabyastrongwind.嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵大风刮到海上去了。findoneself...“发现自己处于某种境地”，而且含有一种“在不知不觉中……”的意思。“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构形式归纳：find＋宾语＋现在分词（表主动、进行）过去分词（表被动、完成）形容词介词短语eg.1.Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.当他到达时，他发现所有的工作都完成了。2.AfterIarrivedinAmerica，Ifoundmyselflivinginacompletelyforeignculture.我来到美国后，发现自己生活在完全陌生的文化中。发散思维：find＋it＋形容词/名词＋todo，it是形式宾语，todo是真正的宾语。SomestudentsfinditdifficulttounderstandEnglishgrammar.一些学生觉得理解英语语法很难。⑪ThenextmorningI'djustaboutgivenmyselfupforlostwhenIwasspottedbyaship.第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。hadjustdone...when...是固定句式，意为“刚做完某事，这时……”。类似句式有：bedoing...when...正在做……这时/突然……beabouttodo...when...刚要做……这时……beonthepointofdoing...when...刚要做……这时……一定要牢记when四种固定句式，这时when意为“就在这时”呦！eg.1.Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhenhismotheraskedhimtoplaythepiano.他刚做完作业这时母亲要求他弹钢琴。2.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.在我刚要放弃的时候，我父亲来了并且鼓励我要坚持。⑭tobehonest“坦白说，老实说”常做插入语，相当于honestlyspeaking,通常至于句首，用逗号与后面的内容分开。类似短语：tobebrief=brieflyspeaking简单说tobeexact=exactlyspeaking确切地说tobefrank=franklyspeaking坦率地说23Well,itiswell­knownthatAmericansliketoeatalot.嗯，众所周知，美国人喜欢吃很多。(1)Itiswell­knownthat...众所周知……，是常用句型。it是形式主语，它指代that引导的主语从句。(2)Asiswell­known...和Asweknow...as引导非限制性定语从句。(3)Whatiswell­knownisthat...，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。eg.1.Itiswell­knownthattheDragonBoatFestivalisinmemoryofthefamouspoet，QuYuan.众所周知，端午节是纪念著名诗人屈原的。2.Itiswell­knownthatheisoneofthebeststudentsinhisclass.众所周知，他是他们班最好的学生之一。