情态动词 (3)

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT1情态动词情态动词没有人称和数的变化,任何主语+can/must/should/may….+动原(have/has/hadto,have/has/hadgotto,be(is//are/was/were)ableto除外)。3情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。4.情态动词本身具有一定词义,但意思不够完整,不能单独做谓语,后接动词原形一起构成谓语部分。重要情态动词：Can/could/must/may/might/haveto/should/willCan和could的用法①表推测，指可能性（否定用can’t),can和could没有时态的差异.“可能,有时会”Certainthingsinthehomecanbedangerous,especiallyifyouhaveyoungchildren.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.Thatcan’tbetrue.Couldthatreallybetrue?②表示许可(不像may那么正式）IcantakeadayoffwheneverIwant.CouldTomusethecar?③表示惊讶,怀疑,常用在否定句和疑问句中.Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?---Whycanme?YouareallricherthanI.CanitbethatitwasI,nothe,whowasmistaken?④表示能力1)can(could)表示能力,只有现在式和过去式2)beableto有各种时态。Canyoutype?Areyouabletotype?Ourbabywillbeabletowalkinafewweeks.Sincehisaccidenthehasn’tbeenableleavethehouse.注：表示过去某时成功地做了某事时,只能用was/wereableto,不能用could。Thebigfirespreadfast,buttheywereabletoescapefromthebuilding.Althoughthepilotwasbadlyhurt,hewasabletoexplainwhathadhappened.Must的用法①表示义务,“必须”It’stheoffice!Soyoumustknoweatingisnotallowedhere.---Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?---Yes,youmust./No,Youneedn’t/No,Youdon’thaveto.must侧重于说话人主观看法，(否定用needn’t/don’thaveto)haveto侧重于客观上的需要，“不得不”Mother:Youmustwipeyourfeetwhenyoucomein.Child:DoIhavetowipemyfeeteverytimeIcomein?IhavetogonowforI’vegotameeting15minuteslater.hasto/hadto/havegotto=haveto/willhaveto②表示推测,“一定是,准是”(肯定句),否定句和疑问句用can.HehasahouseinLondonandanotherinParis,sohemustberich.Thatcan’tbethepostman---it’sonlyseveno’clock.musthave+v.-ed“一定发生过…”Hemusthavetakensleepingpillslastnight.Hedidn’twakeuptilllunchtime.③表示禁止(用于否定句)Smokingmustnotbeallowedintheoffice.④表示”偏执,偏要”(表明说话人的不满,不希望某事发生)Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegoout.May/might的用法表示征求对方许可MayIcomein?---MightIborrowyourcomputer?---Yes,youcan./No,youmaynot./No,youmustn’t./No,youhadbetternot.表示可能性Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theymayjustbequitepeople.---Hi,Tom.WhereisJane?---I’mnotsure.Shemay/mightbeinthelibrary.may/mightnot“可能不”can/couldn’t　“不可能”Hemay/mightnotbedrivingthecar.Perhapsheisn’tdrivingthecarhimself.表示”祝愿”Mayyousucceed．(祝你成功。)Mayyouhaveapleasantjourney．(一路平安。)成语:may/mightaswelldo意为"不妨,最好"。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.Shall的用法①用于第一，三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shallwebeginourclass?Shallthedriverwaitoutside?②用于第二，三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，威胁，允诺等YoushallgetapresentonChristmasEve.允诺Heshallgototheteacher’sofficerightnow.命令Theyshallneverinterfereinmyprivateaffairsnow.③(用于法律，规则等条文中)应，须---CanIpaythebillbycheck?---Sorry,sir.Butitisthemanagementruleofourhotelthatpaymentshallbemadeincash.should的用法表义务或责任,“应当；应该”。Youshouldapologizetome.Heshouldn’teatsogreedily.用于陈述句表示说话人惊讶的语气,“居然，竟然”Ican’timaginethatsuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetoladies!Mr.Bushisalwaysontimeforeverything.Heshouldbelatefortheopeningceremony.③表示预期,“应该会,一定会”Yourphotosshouldbedevelopedby12o’clock.Theconcertshouldbegreatfun.Will/would的用法①表示请求,建议等,与you连用,would比will语气委婉Will you please give him a message when you see him?  Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowforme?Won’t you come in and have a little tea? ②用于主语是各人称的陈述句中,表示意志,愿望,决心等,---Thephoneisringing.---I’llgetit.Theyaskedifwewoulddothatagain.③表示规律性的”注定会”Youwillregretforeverifyoulosethechance.④would“过去常常”IwouldgotothecountrysidetospendthesummerholidaywhenIwasyoung.情态动词+havedone的用法①Musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测,“一定,想必”,用于肯定句中,其否定形式是can’t/couldn’thavedone,“不可能”.Hemusthavebeendrunktosaythat.Hedidn’thearthephone.Hemusthavebeenasleep.Theycan’thavegoneout,becausethelightison.②can/couldhavedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测,canhavedone只能用于否定句和疑问句,couldhavedone还可以用于肯定句,表示本来可以做而实际上未能做的事情.Hecan’thavefinishedtheworksosoon.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.Youcouldhavetoldmeyouweregoingtobelate.③may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生的事情的不太肯定的推测,“可能已经,或许已经”Ifwehavetakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewasverybusy.should/oughttohavedone本来应该做而实际未做的事情.“本来应该”,其否定式shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone“本不应该做却做了”Ithinkheshouldhavetriedtogetmorequalificationsbeforeapplyingforthejob.Yououghttohavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.Weshouldn’thavewaitedforherbecauseshenevercame.needn’thavedone做了本不必要做的事情Therewasplentyoftime,Terenceneedn’thavehurried.Youneedn’thavetoldhimthenews.Exercises:1.Aleft—luggageofficeisaplacewherebags____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will2.How___yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may3.—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?--Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do4.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who___havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would5.—IsJohncomingbytrain?---Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may6.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.could’tbeD.mustn’tbe7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepaperhavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall9.Oh,I’mfeelingbadinthestomach,I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave11.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemen___besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would12.—Writetomewhenyougethome.--__________.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican13.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How___itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must14.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?--I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might15.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended16.Sorry,I’mlate.I____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will17.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You___come,butwhydidn’tyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave18.—WhencanIcomeforthephotes?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoom.--They___bereadybyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need19.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed20.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could21.Jack___yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustn’thavearrivedB.shouldn’thavearrivedC.can’thavearrivedD.needn’thavearrived22.Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might23.Sir,you___besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomanandchildrenonly.A.oughtn’ttoB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t24.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can26.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout