过去完成时上课语法

外研版高一(2)Module3GrammarGrammarI.过去完成时II.时间状语从句过去完成时过去完成时的构成:“助动词had+过去分词”Thepublicwonderedwhythepresidenthadn’tattendedthetopconference.2.过去完成时的用法:1).过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作,它表示时间是“过去的过去”。如:Thepatienthaddiedwhenthedoctorarrived.Hehadpressedthebuttonbeforewecouldstophim.WhenIhadfinishedmyeverydaywork,Ididsomegardening.2).如果发生的动作很短暂,或两个动作紧接着发生,则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有before,after,assoonas的复合句中,因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如:JustbeforeIleftNewYork,Isentane-mailtoMrWhite,myteacherintheuniversity.Shehadfinishedherhomework,beforehermomcamebackThethiefhadgoneawaybeforethepolicearrived3).过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等,常用的动词有expect,hope,mean,suppose,think等。如:Ihadhopedtosendhimatelegramtocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butdidn’tmanageit.Motherhadexpectedmetocometoherbirthdayparty,butIreallyhadalotofimportantworktodo.Whenhegothomefromwork,hewasverytired.Heopenedthedoor,turnedonthelight,washedhisfaceandwenttobedwithouttakingoffhisclothes.Note:1.当动作紧接着发生,次序明显时,只需用一般过去时。2.与某个时间段或时间点连用时,一般过去时表示动作在这个时间发生,而过去完成时表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如:HelearnedRussianduringhisstayinRussia.HehadalreadylearnedRussianduringhisstayinRussia.3.在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：HetoldmesomebodyhadphonedwhenIwasout.Johnsaidthefilmhadbeenonfiveminuteswhenhegottothecinema.语法练习汉译英：我把刚买的书丢了。IlostthebookIhadjustbought.2.我到达汽车站的时候,车已经开走了。ThebushadgonewhenIarrivedatthebusstop.3.Tom本来想去拜访他的奶奶,但是天气不好使他改变了主意。Tomhadexpectedtovisithisgrandmother,butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind.4.---Jack昨天为什么没去参加会议?---他去北京了。---Whydidn’tJackattendthemeetingyesterday?---HehadgonetoBeijing.5.最后Mary被北京大学录取了,为此她尝试了五次。FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijingUniversity,forwhichshehadtriedfivetimes.Hesaidthathe________(see)youbefore.hadseenBylastyearthey_________(learn)2,000 word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 s.hadlearnt1.他说他以前见过你。2.到去年为止他们已经学了2000个单词了。3.到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。Bysixo’clockthey__________(work)foreighthours.4.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。WhenIcametoGZ,he________(be)thereforalongtime.hadworkedhadbeenhadlived5.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.6.她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。Whenshegothomeherchildren________(sleep).hadslept7.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm___already______(start).hadstarted1.IwenttoTom’shousebuthe________(go)out.2.Annietoldmethathisfather________(go)toParisandhe__________(come)backinafewdays.3.Myfriend______(buy)thecartwoyearsago.He_______(buy)itfortwoyears.hadgonehadgonewouldcomeboughthashad时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,until/till,since,eversince,whenever,when等1).常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:When还有意义为‘这时’，(atthistime)‘那时’(atthattime)常用于下列句型：Somebodywasdoingsomethingwhen……某人正在做……突然……WhenSomebodywasabouttodosomethingwhen…….某人正要做……突然……Somebodyhadjustdonesomethingwhen……某人刚刚干了……这时……1,IwasreadingEnglishwhenmyteachercamein.2,Iwasabouttotalkintheclassroomwhentheteachercamein.3,Ihadjustmadethemistakewhentheteachercamein.分析：while引导的从句表示“在……时候”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。While观察：Whiletheyweredoinghomework,someonebrokeintothehouse.Whilehewasstillateenager,hewasabigstar.WhileIwasstudyingEnglish,hewasplayingfootball.SheistallwhileIamshort.While表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”Ilikedogswhileshedoesn’t强调两个动作同时进行事件的过程，两种情况一起发展变化as试观察：1)Astheywerepickingtea,thegirlsweresinginghappily.2)Ashegrewolder,hefounditdifficulttocomposegoodmusic.分析：as引导的从句表示“当……过程中；一边……一边……”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。1.他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。1.Whenhereturned,hismotherwascooking.2.他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。2.Whilehewasreading,hiswifewascooking.3.他一边烧饭一边唱歌。3.Ashecooked,hesang.4.我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。4.Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.5.你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。5.youlikeplayingfootballwhileIlikeplayingthepiano.6.随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。6.Astimewentby,weallgrewup.2).时间状语从句可以转换成分词短语。如:＊Boysneedtodeveloptheirbodiesfullybeforetheyattemptsuchdifficultexercise.Boysneedtodeveloptheirbodiesfullybeforeattemptingsuchdifficultexercise.＊Afterheworkedtherefor30years,HaydnmovedtoLondon.Note:时间状语从句转换成分词短语时,时间状语从句的主语和主句主语必须一致才可以。Havingworkedtherefor30years,HaydnmovedtoLondon.1.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch_____shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.（福建2008）thatB.whichC.whenD.where2.Iusedtolovethatfilm_____Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.（辽宁2008）onceB.whenC.sinceD.although3.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework_____hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday.（福建2009）whenB.whileC.afterD.since4._____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkit’sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.（湖南2008）A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As5.—AreyoureadyforSpain？—Yes,Iwantthegirlstoexperiencethat_____theyareyoung.（上海2008）whileB.untilC.ifD.before6.Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary____yougetyourstudentcard.（上海2009）beforeB.ifC.whileD.as7.Itjustisn’tfair_____Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth,myfriendswerelyingonthebeach.（辽宁2009）A.wheneverB.thoughC.forD.while8._____timewentby,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.WithB.AsC.SinceD.While