1、绪论，细菌基本结构（7）

nullnullWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine Dept. of medical MicrobiologyIntroductionIntroductionMicroorganisms(Microbes) Microbiology Medical Microbiology I. What is MicroorganismsI. What is MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are creatures that are not directly visible to the unaided eye, with dramatically biologic diversity. 1. definition 2. Characteristics 2. Characteristics （1）Very small bodies and simply structure. （2）To multiple rapidly and mutant easily. （3）The number of microbes are so many and distributed widely. null3. ClassificationNon-cellular Microbe: Prokaryotic Microbe: Eukaryotic Microbe: virusbacteria，actinomyces， rickettsia， chlamydia，mycoplasma，spirochete fungi II. Distribution of microorganismsII. Distribution of microorganismsAir Soil Water Animals Human bodynullIII. Microorganisms and Human BeingsIII. Microorganisms and Human Beingsthe cycle of materials 2.industrial production 3.agriculture production 4.medical industry. 5.genetic engineering. 6.normal flora.Cycle of nitrogenCycle of nitrogenCycle of carbonnullGenetic engineeringnullA portion of microbes cause diseases and are poisonous to humanIV. MicrobiologyIV. MicrobiologyIt is a bioscience for the study of the evolution, Classification , morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microbes under certain definite conditions, The law of their life activities, and their interaction with human being, animals or plants as well as with natural environment.History of MicrobiologyHistory of MicrobiologyExperience phase Experimental phase Modern phaseExperience phaseExperience phaseExperimental phaseExperimental phaseLeeuwenhoek Pastur Koch Lister nullnullnullnullnullIsolated diseased not healthy people Growth pure culture Induce disease susceptible animals Re-isolated susceptible animalsKoch's postulates nullnull Modern phase Modern phaseAIDS Prion ：mad cow disease SARS H5N1 Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious DiseasenullnullnullnullV. Medical MicrobiologyV. Medical MicrobiologyThe medical microbiology is one of the essential basic sciences for medicine. It is the study of Biological characteristics of microorganisms and their relationships with human hosts null Development of Medical Microbiology新现及再现病原微生物的研究 病原微生物致病机制的研究 加强并完善突发性公共卫生事件的应急处理系统 建立 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化的微生物学诊断方法及技术 抗感染免疫的理论及应用研究（研制新疫苗） 抗感染药物的研究与开发null Size of bacteria Size of bacteriaUnit for measurement : Micron or micrometer,μm: 1μm=10-3mm Size: Varies with kinds of bacteria, and also related to their age and external environment.nullCocci: 1μm Bacilli: rods : 0.5-1 μm in width1-3 μm in length Spiral bacteria: 0.3-0.6 μm in width and 1~3 μm in lengthnullBasic shape of bacteria coccusbacillusSpiral bacteriumnullDiplococcusnullStreptococcusnullTetradnullSarcinanullStaphylococcusBacillusBacillusnullhemorrhagic E. coliBacillus anthracisCoccobacilliclostridumc. diphtheriaenull◆Rod shape is called Bacillus. ◆ Two bacilli together – Diplobacilli ◆Chains of bacilli are called Streptobacilli ◆ Palisades - Rods side by side or in X, V or Y figuresSpiral bacteriumSpiral bacteriumVibrioSpirillumVibrio cholerae干酪螺菌鼠咬热螺菌null Basic shapes and arrangement of the bacterianull Structure of the bacteria cellnullI. Basic structure of bacteria 1. cell wall null（G)nullA segment of the peptidoglycannullnullA segment of the peptidoglycannullpeptidoglycanteichoic acidspecial component of G+ cell wallnullnullspecial component of G- cell wallouter membranenulllipopolysaccharide, LPS Function of cell wall Function of cell walla.to maintain the shape of bacteria b.protect from low osmotic pressure c.permeability d.surface antigenic determinates. null医学微生物学相关网址WHO总部：中国微生物学会主页：http://csm.im.ac.cn/index.phphttp://www.who.int/美国微生物学会系列杂志：http://www.journals.asm.orgnull中华微生物学和免疫学杂志：http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodical中华实验和临床病毒学杂志：http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodicalScience:http://www.sciencemag.org/http://www.natureasia.com (自然杂志的中文网址)Nature:http://www.nature.comnullThe journal of Immunology:http://www.jimmunol.orghttp//www.elsevier.nl/locate/itoImmunology Today:Parasitology, Microbiology, Immunologyhttp://www.lsumc.edu/campus/micr/www.htmhttp://microbiol.org/The Microbiology Network: