独立主格结构

null独立主格结构 独立主格结构 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 如： Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. A little girl walked past, her doll dragged behind her on the pavement. 如： Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. A little girl walked past, her doll dragged behind her on the pavement. 1．独立主格结构的形式： 1．独立主格结构的形式： （1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语 The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey. The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.（2）名词 / 代词 + -en分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan.（2）名词 / 代词 + -en分词及其短语 Good-bye said, we went home. All things considered, it is a good plan.（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming. Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. He sat at the desk, collar off, head down, and pen in position.（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语 The meeting (being) over, we left the room. He sat at the desk, collar off, head down, and pen in position.（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand. Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语 She stood there, book in hand. Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.2．with + 复合宾语结构2．with + 复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词 The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon. He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh. With a face all smiles he told us that the village expected a good harvest.（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词 The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon. He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh. With a face all smiles he told us that the village expected a good harvest.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词 The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. With tears in their eyes, many old workers came to say good-bye to us. He was asleep with his head on his arms. Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词 The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand. With tears in their eyes, many old workers came to say good-bye to us. He was asleep with his head on his arms. Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical treatment, with medicines at half price.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 He went out with his hat on. The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词 He went out with his hat on. The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full. The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 Don’t speak with your mouth full. The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词 With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed. She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词 With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains. With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed. She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. He died with his life’s work still unfinished. With his matter settled, we left the room.（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. He died with his life’s work still unfinished. With his matter settled, we left the room.（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work. This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式 They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work. This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.3．独立主格结构的作用3．独立主格结构的作用（1）条件 Given health, this can be done. With more people helping them they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.（1）条件 Given health, this can be done. With more people helping them they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.（2）时间 The sun having risen, they continue to work in the field. He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.（2）时间 The sun having risen, they continue to work in the field. He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.（3）原因 Nobody being in the room, I didn't go in. He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.（3）原因 Nobody being in the room, I didn't go in. He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.（4）方式或伴随 She was leaning back in the chair, her legs outstretched. With this factor taken into consideration, they began to blueprint the chemical plant.（4）方式或伴随 She was leaning back in the chair, her legs outstretched. With this factor taken into consideration, they began to blueprint the chemical plant.（5）补充说明 A hunter came in, his hand red with cold. He worked from morning till night, with little to eat and only a tiny place to live in.（5）补充说明 A hunter came in, his hand red with cold. He worked from morning till night, with little to eat and only a tiny place to live in.