暑假专题——名词性从句

名词性从句 二、知识精讲 名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在学习时，这一部分内容的难点主要集中在对引导词的理解及选择使用上，另外还要注意名词性从句的语序问题。 名词性从句的引导词： (1) that (2) whether 和if (3) what, who, whose, which, where, when, how, why (4) whatever, whoever(whomever), whichever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if (是否) 放于句首时只用whether 用whether/if均可，但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 特殊疑问词 注意要用陈述语序 wh-ever 注意要用陈述语序 （一）that引导的名词性从句： 特点：在引导各种名词性从句时，that无词义、不充当句子成分，仅起引导作用。 1. 主语从句 → That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。 ● that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，如： → It is certain that China will be a strong country in the future. 中国肯定会在将来成为一个强大的国家。 → It was a pity that she missed the early bus this morning. 今天早晨她没赶上早班公共汽车，真让人感到遗憾。 → It’s said that more than ten thousand people died from the big earthquake. 据说有10 000多人死于这场大地震。 注意： 在口语和非正式文体中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中；但that从句位于句首时，连词that是绝对不能省略的。如： → It’s a pity (that) you’re leaving. 你要走了，真遗憾。 → That he is leaving really makes us surprised. 他要走了，这真的让我们很吃惊。 2. 宾语从句 在及物动词或表语形容词后的宾语从句中，that常可省略，如： → Do you know (that) he has joined the army? 你知道他去参军了吗？ → I’m sure (that) he will pass the exam. 我确信他会通过考试。 → I’m surprised (that) he didn’t come here. 我很惊讶他没来这儿。 → He told the teacher (that) his father had gone abroad and that he would return in a month. 他告诉老师他爸爸出国了，一个月后才回来。 （注意：连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句的连接词that可省略） ● 有时可用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。如： → We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 我们认为他应当改进他的发音是必要的。 → He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。 ● that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，但可作except（but），in的宾语，此时通常不可省略掉that，如： → He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生，但就是有点儿粗心。 → He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和其他同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间都用在了读书上。 ● 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。如： → You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 → I’ll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。 3. 表语从句 注意：that引导表语从句时，不可省略。 → My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 → The fact is that the school doesn’t have enough money to pay off the debt. 事实上学校没有足够的资金来还清这些债务。 4. 同位语从句 位于某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，doubt等，对这些名词起补充说明的作用或用来解释其内容的一种名词性从句；在引导同位语从句时，that也是不可省略的。 → The news that some foreign friends were coming to visit our school soon spread over the whole school. 一些外国朋友要来我们学校参观的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 → The suggestion that the plan should be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。 → There is no doubt that I am fit for this job. 毫无疑问，我适合做这项工作。 （二）whether/if (是否) 引导的名词性从句： ● 在主语从句中，当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether而不能用if；当it作形式主语，真正的主语从句放在句末时，则用whether或if均可。如： → Whether the meeting will be given is still unknown. → It is still unknown whether/if the meeting will be given. 会议是否将召开仍然不清楚。 ● 在表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether不能用if。如： → The problem is whether the meeting will be given. 问题是会议是否会召开。 → I have no idea whether the meeting will be given. 我不知道会议是否会召开。 → The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been solved. 我们是否应该继续做这个实验，这个问题还没有解决。 ● 在宾语从句中： ①从及物动词或表语形容词后的宾语从句中，看下面各例句，区别whether和if的使用： → I don’t care if he doesn’t come. （宾语从句为否定句时要用if，不能用whether。） →（√） I don’t care whether / if he comes or not. →（√） I don’t care whether or not he comes. →（×） I don’t care if or not he comes （whether 可直接和or not 连用，if则不能；但or not放在后面时，可用if。） → I don’t know whether to go there. 我不知道是否去那儿。 （whether后可接不定式，if则不能。） ②介词后的宾语从句中，只能用whether引导，不能用if。 → It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那取决于你是否能把工作做好。 即学即用： 用whether或if填空： ① ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ② I am not sure ______ he will come here or not. ③ This decision will have effect on _____ or not he will succeed. 答案：Whether, whether / if, whether （三）特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句： 1. 主语从句 → What he said was really surprising . 他说的话真的让人很吃惊。 → What the people do while traveling may do great harm to the local environment. 人们在旅行时所做的事情可能会破坏当地的环境。 → What he wants are those books. 他需要的是那些书。（其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定） （注：此处what= the thing(s) that意为：……的东西，……的事物，……的事情） → It makes no difference which one you want to take. 你想要哪个都可以。 → It has not been decided yet who will be in charge of the department. 由谁来负责这个部门还没有确定。 2. 宾语从句 → I can’t imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做这件事的。 → They couldn’t understand why I refused it. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝。 → I don’t know who is in charge of the department? 我不知道谁负责这个部门。 → We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 → The teacher was pleased with what the child had achieved in his study. 老师对孩子在学习上所取得的成绩表示满意。 → A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一片荒地的地方建造起来了。 3. 表语从句 →The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该待在哪里。 →Shanghai is where he was born . 他出生在上海。 （此处where= the place where意为：……的地方 ） → My happiest time was when I stayed with my grandpa. 我最快乐的时光是和爷爷待在一起的时候。 （此处when= the time when意为：……的时间） 4. 同位语从句 → I have no idea when he will be back. 我不确定他什么时候会回来。 → My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我如何才能和他联系的问题没有得到答复。 另外，要注意对从句语序的考查： 即学即用： ① Can you tell me ______? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman ② They want to know ______ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 答案：C B （四）wh-ever 引导的名词性从句 → Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁干了这个工作都一定会得到酬谢。 （whoever = anyone who 意为：无论谁，不管谁） → Whichever team wins the game will be awarded. 不管哪个队获胜都会受到嘉奖。 （whichever= anyone / anything that 意为：无论哪个；此处whichever作定语，修饰team，表示any team that…无论哪个队） → You can give them whatever they want. 他们想要什么，你就给他们什么。 （whatever =anything that 意为：无论什么） → You can write about whatever topic you prefer. 你可以写你喜欢的任何题目。 （此处whatever作定语，修饰topic，= any topic that） 注意区别： → Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. 无论谁违反规定都必须受到惩罚。（名词性从句） → Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. 无论谁违反了规定，他都必须受到惩罚。（让步状语从句） = No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. ★ 表语从句的特殊引导词： → It looks as if he knew all about it. 他看起来好像知道了一切。 → He didn’t pass the examination. That is because he hasn’t studied hard. 他没有通过这次考试，那是因为他没有刻苦学习。 【典型例题】 1. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which 2. They are discussing _____ should be in charge of the company. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 3. _____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 4. The last time we had great fun was ______ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 5. Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that 6. Could I speak to _____ is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. no matter who 7. See the flags on top of the building? That was _____ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what 8. —Could you do me a favor? —It depends on _____ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 9. The traditional view is _____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that 10. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _____ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 11. _____ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. Which C. What D. As 12. It’s still a complete mystery _____ caused the accident. A. what B. that C. how D. where 13. The thought ______ he might be a scientist some day encouraged him to study hard. A. whether B. that C. how D. why 答案：AACCA CDCDA CAB 【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟） Ⅰ. 单项选择题： 1. The moment he just got off the plane, he gave us a good description of ______ in Spain. A. what he had seen B. that he had seen C. which he had seen D. he had seen what 2. Was it ______ she said ______ you were angry at so much? A. what, that B. that, which C. that, what D. what, which 3. There is much chance ______ the sick child will get well in a week. A. that B. which C. if D. until 4. The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting ______ he would not step down from his position as chairman. A. in which B. where C. because D. that 5. The strength of the new material is ______ it can stand heavy loads at high temperature. A. what B. that C. such that D. so that 6. ______ she will be given this job is still under discussion. A. Whether B. Which C. If D. What 7. Word came ______ the world economy would be improved. A. what B. that C. when D. who 8. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an abject and ______ it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what 9. You’d better give the task to ______ you think can succeed in carrying it out ahead of time. A. whomever B. whoever C. anyone D. no matter who 10. ______ he couldn’t understand was ______, as a teacher of Chinese, he was asked to teach history. A. What, that B. What, what C. What, which D. Why, how 11. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 12 —Have you found your book yet? —I’m not sure ______ I might have left it. A. whether B. where C. why D. when 13. People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. A. that B. which C. what D. how 14. We can’t figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 15. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether Ⅱ. 完形填空： I ran across an old photo of him the other day, thinking of some old things. He’s been dead for 25 years. His name was Rex. 1 was his favorite recreation (娱乐). He had so much __2 in the water as any person I have known. You didn’t have to throw a stick in the water to 3 him to go in. Of course, he would bring back a stick to you if you 4 throw one in. That 5 me of that night, 6 he brought back a small box that he found somewhere—how 7 nobody ever knew. Since it was Rex, it 8 easily have been half a race. The box wasn’t a good one. It was just a 9 old piece that somebody 10 . Still it was something he wanted, probably 11 there was some difficulty in transportation (运输). And that he thought could test his courage. We first knew about his achievement when, deep in the night, we ___12 him trying to get the box up onto the porch (门厅). It sounded 13 two or three people were trying to tear the house 14 . We came downstairs and turned on the __15__ light. Rex was on the top step trying to pull the thing up, but it had been 16 somehow. And he was just holding his own (坚持着). I supposed he would have held his own 17 dawn if we hadn’t helped him. The next day we carried the box miles away and threw it out. If we had thrown it out in a 18 place, he would have brought it home again, as a small token (象征) of his strength in such matters. 19 , he had been taught to carry heavy wooden objects about and he was 20 of his skill. ( ) 1. A. Fighting B. Swimming C. Barking D. Running ( ) 2. A. fun B. trouble C. danger D. difficulty ( ) 3. A. stop B. make C. get D. have ( ) 4. A. will B. do C. did D. would ( ) 5. A. reminds B. warns C. tells D. suggests ( ) 6. A. which B. while C. as D. when ( ) 7. A. far B. long C. old D. heavy ( ) 8. A. could B. can C. should D. would ( ) 9. A. priceless B. worthless C. valuable D. important ( ) 10. A. kept B. forgot C. deserted(遗弃) D. remained ( ) 11. A. because B. only if C. even if D. in case ( ) 12. A. saw B. heard C. watched D. caught ( ) 13. A. like B. that C. as if D. at least ( ) 14. A. up B. in C. away D. down ( ) 15. A. hall B. kitchen C. bedroom D. porch ( ) 16. A. rolled B. stopped C. caught D. broken ( ) 17. A. at B. before C. till D. during ( ) 18. A. distant B. nearby C. silent D. busy ( ) 19. A. In all B. As a result C. At last D. After all ( ) 20. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. doubtful Ⅲ. 阅读理解： A One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like “I was wrong about that”, and it is even harder to say, “I was wrong, and you were right about that.” I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain store in the neighbourhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons (in many countries, eggs are sold by the dozen and are put in cartons). Then he related an incident and I began to remember unclearly the incident he was describing. I was about eight years old at the time. I went into the store with my mother to do some shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the food department where the incident took place. There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there were lots of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were put three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of the piles of egg cartons. Just then a woman came by pushing her shopping cart and knocked down the cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the eggs back together, so I went to work. The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees looking at some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the one who just did it. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, it is plain that the manager did not. ( ) 1. According to this passage, many people will have a good opinion of those who ______. A. have never made any mistakes B. often make mistakes but correct them in no time C. admit their mistakes D. forget other people’s mistakes easily ( ) 2. Which is the correct order of the following? a. I forgot all about the incident. b. I went into the store. c. A woman knocked down the egg cartons. d. I stood in front of the egg cartons. e. The manager reminded me of the incident. f. The manager didn’t believe my explanation. g. I picked up the unbroken eggs. A. b, d, g, c, a, f, e B. b, d, c, g, f, e, a C. b, c, d, g, e, f, a D. b, d, c, g, f, a, e ( ) 3. The underlined word “reprimanded” in the last paragraph most exactly means “______”. A. frightened B. scolded C. warned D. comforted ( ) 4. The best title for this passage should be ______. A. A Case of Mistake B. The Manager I Never Forget C. The Manager and I D. An Incident 15 Years Ago B Paul had long promised to marry Clara. But at thirty-three he met and married Alice. Clare was driven mad. Paul was taken to court(法庭). The judge ordered him to pay Clara $600 because of the broken promise. Paul had to borrow the money from a moneylender(放贷者). He agreed to pay back $5 a month—for twenty years. His wages at the time were $16 a month. Paul and Alice were poor but not unhappy. They had little enough food, certainly, even before the children began to arrive. Each month Paul paid $5 to the moneylender. He worked hard, never taking a holiday. In time, there were seven mouths to feed. Illness was always with them. It grew serious when the oldest child was eight. The years of hunger weakened the family, because each month Paul paid $ 5. The details(细节) of the sickness were ugly, but the result was this: after twelve years of family life, Paul was alone in the world. He lived alone, except for memories. Work was not now a good for him: it was a pain killer(止痛药). Each month he paid, and in time the twenty years ended. From that moment his wages were his own. One day, it was a holiday and he went to the seaside. He sat down on a seat by the sea. A middle-aged woman came and sat down near him. They recognized each other at once. The woman said, “The $600 has been in the bank since the day it was paid to me. It is now $6,000, and I have kept it for you. Will you let me share it with you?” “No,” said Paul gently. “Each thousand is a lost life in a desert between us. It can never bring any happiness.” ( ) 1. Paul was ordered to pay Clara $600 because _______. A. he had borrowed $600 from her B. he had broken his word to marry her C. he had promised to give her $600 D. he had spent a lot of her money ( ) 2. How many children did Paul and Alice have? A. Two. B. Four. C. Five. D. Eight. ( ) 3. After his wife and children died, Paul turned to his work to _______. A. ease his pain B. forget his debt C. get pleasure D. seek friendship ( ) 4. When Paul met Clara again 20 years later, he decided _______. A. to share the $6,000 with her B. not to marry her C. to ask back the $600 D. not to refuse her offer 【试题答案】 Ⅰ. 单项选择题： 1. 析：选A。考查宾语从句的用法：要用陈述句语序，且what引导该宾语从句，并在从句中充当see的宾语。句意为：他刚下飞机，就给我们详细描述了他在西班牙所看到的一切。 2. 析：选A。考查名词性从句和强调句式的结构。what引导主语从句，在从句中作动词said的宾语；that为强调句式中的结构词。 3. 析：选A。考查同位语从句。chance在句中意为“可能性”，其后的从句是对chance的解释说明，用that作连接词。句意为：“患病的孩子很有可能在一周内康复。” 4. 析：选D。考查名词性从句。it在句中为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面由that引导的宾语从句，且that在从句中不充当任何成分。 5. 析：选B。考查表语从句。that 引导表语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分。句意为：这种新材料的优点是它可以在高温情况下承受沉重的负荷。 6. 析：选A。根据句意可知选whether，用来引导主语从句；if 不能位于句首引导主语从句。 7. 析：选B。word在此表示“消息”，后面的从句为同位语从句，用来解释word的内容；但是被谓语动词隔开。 8. 析：选B。考查宾语从句，充当tell（辨别，区分）后的宾语；根据句意及后面与or的搭配关系可判断该处表示“是否”。故选用whether。 9. 析：选B。介词to后应为宾语从句，从句中有插入语you think。去掉插入语可知，从句中缺少主语，所以选B。no matter who不能引导名词性从句。 10. 析：选A。第一个空所填内容引导主语从句，并在从句中充当宾语，故用What；第二个空所填内容引导表语从句，该引导词不在从句中充当任何成分，故用that。 11. 析：选A。when在此引导宾语从句，表示“……的时候”；句意为：我记得这里曾是一片宁静的村庄的那段时光。 12 析：选B。句意为：我不确定把它放在哪儿了。where 引导宾语从句。 13. 析：选C。what 引导宾语从句，并且what在从句中充当动词achieve的宾语，表示“取得的成就”。 14. 析：选C。句意为：我们不清楚为什么很多昆虫、鸟类和其他动物濒临灭绝。故选C。 15. 析：选B。句意为：干完工作后，这个生意人回到他的座位上，为自己是个实干家而感到高兴。根据句子的结构，pleased后应接宾语从句，he was a man of action是一个完整的句子，故选用that，在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 Ⅱ. 完形填空： 1~20 BACCA, DAABC, ABCDD, CCBDA Ⅲ. 阅读理解： A: 1~4 CDBA 1~4 B: BCAB 第2页 版权所有 不得复制 _1234567892.bin