2012年人大新闻学考博面试

2012年人大新闻学考博面试 今天复试结束了，等结果。。趁有空把复试的情况总结一下 一、专业课面试 复试的老师一般就是你所考专业的导师，复试按专业来。如果对老师不熟，建议搜下图片，这样进去后就不会太紧张。面试一般问下个人的基本情况， 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 考生说下研究 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，时间5分多钟到10分钟，一般不会到10分钟。氛围很轻松，老师们很和善。个人基本情况和研究计划应该简单列一下，捡些导师感兴趣的，言简意赅。复试时最好表现谦虚，表述清晰，语速适中，自信但别过了头，过犹不及导师不会喜欢，这句是参加过面试记录的一个博士生说的。 二、专业英语面试 今年的情况难度比去年大些。去年问了大众传播、知识沟理论、沉默的螺旋、长尾理论、议程设置等。今年问的有微博的把关、沉默的螺旋、新闻自由、世博公关及报纸会消失么之类的问题，本人被抽到的一个是倒金字塔结构在目前的新媒体环境下还需要么？一个是简述文本分析的优缺点。很无语。。有道题目一句话里有三个生词，一紧张愣是没看明白，结果自己想起一个，问老师问了两个，十分磕绊，边淌汗边说了。听去年考上的同学说，他当时抽到的题不回答，又要求老师重新抽了题。我没鼓起勇气要求换题，就硬答了。 我排后面一点，大家都问出来的同学答了什么题目，出来的同学准备的题目要好好准备，因为你进去也会抽到。而且，抽得多的题进去一看就比较明显，同学答题是拿在手上的，所以能看出来，但当时我没反应过来，抽了一个之前都没答过的。这个算是这次面试悟出来的一点，比较讨巧的方法。也是考试的一个漏洞吧。 除此之外，还需要准备一个简介，有时不会被问到，我这次被问了一点，有关我工作的学校情况。去年，有人被问到喜欢读些什么 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 之类的。 以下是我复试之前准备的材料，看以后能否用上吧。 人际传播 Interpersonal communication is usually defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, usually describing participants who are dependent upon one another. It can involve one on one conversations or individuals interacting with many people within a society. It helps us understand how and why people behave and communicate in different ways to construct and negotiate a social reality. While interpersonal communication can be defined as its own area of study, it also occurs within other contexts like groups and organizations. Interpersonal communication is the process that we use to communicate our ideas, thoughts, and feelings to another person. Our interpersonal communication skills are learned behaviors that can be improved through knowledge, practice, feedback, and reflection. 大众传播 Mass communication is the term used to describe the academic study of the various means by which individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually understood to relate to newspaper and magazine publishing, radio, television and film, as these are used both for disseminating news and for advertising. Mass communication research includes media institutions and processes such as diffusion of information, and media effects such as persuasion or manipulation of public opinion. 国际传播 International communication (sometimes referred to as Global communication) is any type of communication exhorted from one country to another or several others, or implying at least two nations. As a field of study, International Communication is a branch of Communication studies. A related (but not identical) field is that of Intercultural or Cross-Cultural Communication. 议程设置理论 Agenda-setting theory describes the "ability [of the news media] to influence the salience of topics on the public agenda." Essentially, the theory states that the more salient a news issue is - in terms of frequency and prominence of coverage - the more important news audiences will regard the issue to be. 沉默的螺旋理论 The spiral of silence is a political science and mass communication theory propounded by the German political scientist Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann. The theory asserts that a person is less likely to voice an opinion on a topic of morality if one feels that one is in the minority for fear of reprisal or isolation from the majority. 长尾理论 The Long Tail or long tail refers to the statistical property that a larger share of population rests within the tail of a probability distribution than observed under a "normal" or Gaussian distribution. A long tail distortion will arise with the inclusion of some unusually high (or low) values which increase (decrease) the mean, skewing the distribution to the right (or left). 知识沟假说 The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis explains that knowledge, like other forms of wealth, is often differentially distributed throughout a social system. Specifically, the hypothesis predicts that “as the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, higher socioeconomic status segments tend to acquire this information faster than lower socioeconomic-status population segments so that the gap in knowledge between the two tends to increase rather than decrease”[1] Phillip J. Tichenor, then Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication, George A. Donohue, Professor of Sociology, and Clarice, N. Olien, Instructor in Sociology – three University of Minnesota researchers – first proposed the knowledge gap hypothesis in 1970. 使用与满足论 Uses and Gratifications Theory is an approach to understanding why people actively seek out specific media outlets and content for gratification purposes. The theory discusses how users proactively search for media that will not only meet a given need but enhance knowledge, social interactions and diversion . It assumes that members of the audience are not passive but take an active role in interpreting and integrating media into their own lives. The theory also holds that audiences are responsible for choosing media to meet their needs. The approach suggests that people use the media to fulfill specific gratifications. This theory would then imply that the media compete against other information sources for viewers' gratification. 培养理论 Cultivation theory is a social theory which examines the long-term effects of television. "The primary proposition of cultivation theory states that the more time people spend “living” in the television world. The more likely they are to believe social reality portrayed on television." 象征互动 Symbolic Interaction, or the ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react; a conversation. Herbert Blumer (1969) set out three basic premises of the perspective: "Humans act toward things on the basis of the meanings they ascribe to those things." "The meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with others and the society." "These meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters." 麦克卢汉 McLuhan Herbert Marshall McLuhan, was a Canadian educator, philosopher, and scholar—a professor of English literature, a literary critic, a rhetorician, and a communication theorist. McLuhan's work is viewed as one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory, as well as having practical applications in the advertising and television industries. McLuhan is known for coining the expressions "the medium is the message" and "the global village" and predicted the World Wide Web almost thirty years before it was invented.[3] Although he was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, his influence started to wane in the early seventies.[4] In the years after his death, he would continue to be a controversial figure in academic circles.[5] With the arrival of the internet, however, there was renewed interest in his work and perspective. 两级传播 Two-step flow of communication Also known as the Multistep Flow Model is a theory based on a 1940s study on social influence that states that media effects are indirectly established through the personal influence of opinion leaders. The majority of people receive much of their information and are influenced by the media secondhand, through the personal influence of opinion leaders. The 'Multistep Flow Model says that most people form their opinions based on opinion leaders that influence the media. Opinion leaders are those initially exposed to a specific media content, interpret based on their own opinion and then begin to infiltrate these opinions through the general public who then become "opinion followers" These "opinion leaders" gain their influence through more elite media as opposed to mainstream mass media. In this process, social influence is created and adjusted by the ideals and opinions of each specific "elite media" group and by these media group's opposing ideals and opinions and in combination with popular mass media sources. Therefore, the leading influence in these opinions is primarily a social persuasion. 广告 Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as websites and text messages. 新媒体 New media is a broad term in media studies that emerged in the latter part of the 20th century that refers to on-demand access to content any time, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as interactive user feedback, creative participation and community formation around the media content. Another important promise of new media is the "democratization" of the creation, publishing, distribution and consumption of media content. Another aspect of new media is the real-time generation of new, unregulated content. Most technologies described as "new media" are digital, often having characteristics of being manipulated, networkable, dense, compressible, and interactive.Some examples may be the Internet, websites, computer multimedia, video games, CD-ROMS, and DVDs. New media does not include television programs, feature films, magazines, books, or paper-based publications – unless they contain technologies that enable digital interactivity. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is an example, combining Internet accessible digital text, images and video with web-links, creative participation of contributors, interactive feedback of users and formation of a participant community of editors and donors for the benefit of non-community readers. Facebook is an example of the social media model, in which most users are also participants. PAGE 3