EN 1005-3

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1005-3:2002 Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation The European Standard EN 1005-3:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.110 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1005-3:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 February 2002 © BSI 26 February 2002 ISBN 0 580 39178 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1005-3:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/4, Anthropometry and biomechanics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. — aid enquirers to understand the text; — present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; — monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1005-3 January 2002 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English version Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 3: Limites des forces recommandées pour l'utilisation de machines Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 3: Empfohlene Kraftgrenzen bei Maschinenbetätigung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1005-3:2002 E EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................4 1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5 3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................5 4 Recommendations.........................................................................................................................................5 4.1 General recommendations and information ...............................................................................................5 4.2 Risk assessment of action forces................................................................................................................5 4.2.1 Step A: Determination of basic force generating capacity........................................................................8 4.2.2 Step B: Determination of adjusted capacity ...............................................................................................9 4.2.3 Step C: Evaluation of tolerability and risk.................................................................................................11 4.3 Factors affecting risk...................................................................................................................................12 4.3.1 Working posture...........................................................................................................................................12 4.3.2 Acceleration and movement precision......................................................................................................12 4.3.3 Vibration........................................................................................................................................................12 4.3.4 Man-machine interaction.............................................................................................................................12 4.3.5 Personal protective equipment ..................................................................................................................12 4.3.6 External environment ..................................................................................................................................12 Annex A (informative) Calculation procedure for Alternative 2...........................................................................13 A.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................13 A.2 Input parameters..........................................................................................................................................13 A.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................14 A.3.1 Force distribution ........................................................................................................................................14 A.3.2 Logarithmic transformation ........................................................................................................................14 A.3.3 Calculation of force percentiles .................................................................................................................15 A.4 Results ..........................................................................................................................................................15 Annex B (informative) Calculation procedure for Alternative 3...........................................................................17 B.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................17 B.2 Input parameters..........................................................................................................................................17 B.2.1 Force .............................................................................................................................................................17 B.2.2 User demography.........................................................................................................................................18 B.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................19 B.3.1 Synthetical distribution parameters of subgroups ..................................................................................19 B.3.2 Logarithmic distributions............................................................................................................................20 B.3.3 Generation of new distribution functions of male and female subgroups ............................................21 B.3.4 Weighting and combining of all subgroup distributions.........................................................................22 B.3.5 Calculation of percentiles ...........................................................................................................................23 B.4 Result ............................................................................................................................................................23 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives.......................................................24 Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................25 EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. EN 1005 consists of the following parts, under the general title "Safety of machinery - Human physical performance”: � Part 1: Terms and definitions; � Part 21): Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery; � Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation; � Part 41): Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery; � Part 51): Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency. Annexes A and B are for information only. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 1) This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 "Biomechanics". EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 4 Introduction Within the life cycle of a machine from construction to dismantling, various machine-related actions require muscular force exertion. Muscular force exertion causes strain to the musculo-skeletal system. Unfavourable musculo-skeletal strain corresponds to the risk of fatigue, discomfort and musculo-skeletal disorders. The manufacturer of a machine is in a position to control these health risks by optimising the required forces, while taking into account the frequency, duration and variation of force exertion. The calculation procedure and the recommended limits in this standard aim to reduce the health risk for the operator as well as to increase the flexibility and possibility for a larger population to operate the machines which increases efficiency and profitability. This standard has been prepared to be harmonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This standard is written in conformity with EN 1050 and gives the user hazard identification for harm through musculo-skeletal disorders and tools for qualitative and, to an extent, a quantitative risk assessment. The tools for the risk assessment also implicate how to do the risk reduction. This standard does not deal with risks connected to accidents. The recommendations provided by this standard are based on available scientific evidence concerning the physiology and epidemiology of manual work. The knowledge is, however, scarce and the suggested limits are subject to changes according to future research. In accordance with the rules for CEN/CENELEC-standards Part 2, 4.9.3, European Standards are reviewed at intervals not exceeding five years. This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. 1 Scope This European Standard presents guidance to the manufacturer of machinery or its component parts and the writer of C-standards in controlling health risks due to machine-related muscular force exertion. This standard specifies recommended force limits for actions during machinery operation including construction, transport and commissioning (assembly, installation, adjustment), use (operation, cleaning, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover) decommissioning, disposal and dismantling. The standard applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard. This standard applies on one hand to machinery for professional use operated by the adult working population, who are healthy workers with ordinary physical capacity, and on the other hand to machinery for domestic use operated by the whole population including youth and old people. The recommendations are derived from research on European population. This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN. EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 5 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 614-1, Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN 1005-1:2001, Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 1: Terms and definitions. EN 1070, Safety of machinery – Terminology. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 614-1, EN 1005-1:2001 and EN 1070 apply. 4 Recommendations 4.1 General recommendations and information The manufacturer should first consider EN 292-2:1991, annex A and EN 614-1 and EN 614-2 and then use the procedure for determining force limits presented below. It is crucially important that the operator is in control of the operation sequences and the pace of the machinery. Furthermore, machines shall be designed in a way so that actions demanding force exertion can be performed optimally with respect to the posture of body and limbs and the direction of force application. In addition machines shall be designed to allow for variations in movements and force exertions. The risk assessment procedure conveyed by this standard should formally be carried out for each action occurring during handling of the machinery. It may be noted, however, that infrequently occurring actions with low force demands may be assessed on an overview base. Actions related to the handling of control actuators are considered in EN 894-3, however the present standard provides additional important information related to physical capacity and safety of the operator. 4.2 Risk assessment of action forces The risk assessment in the present standard is based on the force generating capacity of the intended users, and follows a three-step procedure as illustrated in Figure 1. In step A, the maximal isometric force generating capacity is determined for relevant actions within specified intended user populations. Within the scope of this standard the determination of maximal forces can be carried out according to three alternative methods. In step B, the force generating in step A capacity is reduced, according to the circumstances under which the force is to be generated (velocity, frequency and duration of action). The reduction is achieved by a set of multipliers. Basically, the output is a force that may be delivered without substantial fatigue. In step C, the risk associated with the intended use of the machinery is assessed. The risk evaluation is accomplished using risk multipliers, reducing the maximal attainable force from step B to values associated with different levels of risk. The risk assessment focuses on musculo-skeletal disorders, and is preferentially based on the assumption that decreasing fatigue during work is effective in reducing disorders. EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 6 The recommended force limits are applicable to most men and women in a general population in optimal action posture and under ideal circumstances. The limits are calculated for an optimal range of motion of the joints involved in the respective actions. It is recommended to let force limits for professional users correspond to the 15th percentile of the whole adult population, i.e. males and females between 20 years and 65 years of age. Force limits for machines intended for domestic use should correspond to the 1st percentile of the same adult population. The adult population is used as reference since reliable force data are scarce or unavailable for youth and aged individuals. Limits established by the procedure in this standard will essentially reduce hazards for at least 85 % of the intended user population. The manufacturer should be aware that the force evaluation presented by the standard may be used also as a guidance when making instructions for the use of the machinery. EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 7 Figure 1 — Illustration of the step procedure leading to risk evaluation of action forces during machinery use for specified intended user populations EN 1005-3:2002 (E) 8 4.2.1 Step A: Determination of basic force generating capacity Output: maximal isometric force FB, for specified actions, with consideration to intended user population. Step A may be realised by one of three alternative