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2009年专八真题及解析

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2009年专八真题及解析 书书书 2009—1     TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2009) —GRADEEIGHT— TIMELIMIT:195MIN PARTI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN) SECTIONA MINILECTURE Inthissectionyouwillhearaminilecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening, takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournotesw...

2009年专八真题及解析
书书书 2009—1     TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2009) —GRADEEIGHT— TIMELIMIT:195MIN PARTI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN) SECTIONA MINILECTURE Inthissectionyouwillhearaminilecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening, takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea gapfillingtaskaftertheminilecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheck yournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegapfillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usethe blanksheetfornotetaking. SECTIONB INTERVIEW InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestions thatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.   Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondsto answereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview. 1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT? [A]Toastmasterswasoriginallysetuptotrainspeakingskills. [B]Toastmastersonlyacceptsprospectiveprofessionalspeakers. [C]Toastmastersacceptsmembersfromthegeneralpublic. [D]Toastmastersisanexclusiveclubforprofessionalspeakers. 2.ThefollowingarejobbenefitsbyjoiningToastmastersEXCEPT [A]becomingfamiliarwithvariousmeansofcommunication. [B]learninghowtodelivermessagesinanorganizedway. [C]becomingawareofaudienceexpectations. [D]learninghowtogetalongwithfriends. 3.Toastmastersgeneralapproachtotrainingcanbesummarizedas [A]practiceplusoveralltraining.      [B]practicepluslectures. [C]practiceplusvoicetraining. [D]practiceplusspeechwriting. 4.ToastmastersaimstotrainpeopletobeallthefollowingEXCEPT [A]publicspeakers. [B]grammarteachers. [C]mastersofceremonies. [D]evaluators. 5.Theinterviewmainlyfocuseson [A]thebackgroundinformation. [B]thedescriptionoftrainingcourses. [C]therequirementsofpublicspeaking. [D]theoverallpersonalgrowth. 2009—2     SECTIONC NEWSBROADCAST InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestions thatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.   Questions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20 secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews. 6.Whichofthefollowingisthemaincauseofglobalwarming? [A]Fossilfuel. [B]Greenhousegases. [C]Increaseddryness. [D]Violentstormpatterns. 7.Thenewsitemimpliesthat    inthelastreport. [A]therewerefewerstudiesdone [B]therewerefewerpolicyproposals [C]therewaslessagreement [D]therewerefewerobjectives   Questions8and9arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20 secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews. 8.ThecauseoftheIndiantrainaccidentwas [A]terroristsabotage. [B]yettobedetermined. [C]lackofcommunications. [D]badweather. 9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT? [A]Theaccidentoccurredonabridge. [B]TheaccidentoccurredinNewDelhi. [C]Therewereabout600casualties. [D]Victimswererescuedimmediately.   Question10isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10seconds toanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews. 10.Whatisthemainmessageofthenewsitem? [A]Youngpeopleshouldseekcareersadvice. [B]Careersserviceneedstobeimproved. [C]Businessesarenotgettingtalentedpeople. [D]CareersadviceisnotofferedontheInternet. PARTII READINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN) Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiplechoicequestions. Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet. TEXTA Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildrenshorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeany thingwedbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Inthinkingaboutwhatwas possiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwohourplaneridefrom Zurich.   Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthis year,butthoughtour11and13yearoldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristine monuments.   Whatwedidntforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“in 2009—3     danger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.Tohelpusget acquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywere particularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.   Friendlywarningsdidntchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwith theU.S.StateDepartmentslistoftroublespots.Wedidntseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitors duringoursixdaystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvaried enougheventosuitourson,whoseoftrepeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuse uminagivencity.   Vaccinationswerentneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterfora shortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemex cessive,butweallstayedhealthy.   Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20minutewalkfrommostofIstanbulsmajortour istsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspasta colorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.   Fromateenagerandpreteensview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbe boughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar, whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbeharder simplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.   Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,it wasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingfor thepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatter withitsmanyzeros.   BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenor mousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildrenscuriosity alreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycornerofthecity,and thescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.   Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestau rants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedusthe agonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadultsdesiretotrysomethingnewamid childrensinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeother Turkishspecialties.   AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardques tionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultanspalace.No guideswereavailablesoitwasdoityourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinteresting historyandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesuchar rangementsinadvance.   Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsand itsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty. 11.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause [A]thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived. [B]thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment. [C]thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic. [D]thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic. 2009—4     12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT? [A]Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected. [B]Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan. [C]Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong. [D]Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity. 13.Welearnfromthecouplesshoppingexperiencebackhomethat [A]theywereusedtobargainingoverprice. [B]theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors. [C]streetmarketsweretheirfavourite. [D]theypreferredfashionandbrandnames. 14.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul [A]guidebooksareveryuseful. [B]aprofessionalguideisamust. [C]onehastobepreparedforquestions. [D]onehastomakearrangementsinadvance. 15.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT [A]religiousprayers. [B]historicalbuildings. [C]localstylemarkets. [D]shoppingmallboutiques. TEXTB Lastmonththefirstbabyboomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964is headingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdis patchedfromthelabourforce.   Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween 50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged2029willdecreaseby20%. InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnit edStatesthenumberofworkersaged5564willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthe sametimeasthe35to44yearoldsdeclineby10%.   Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65,companieshavealoomingproblemof knowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheir expertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheiremailaddress.Asurveyofhumanresourcesdirectorsby IBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebabyboomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolate thatacareersworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”   Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefence,forexample,asmuchas40%ofthe workforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,the numberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.   Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.Earlierthisyear theLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehe triedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompany there.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?   Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolder workers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemploy ersofitsmembers.Healthcarefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustries 2009—5     mostinneedofskilledlabour.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas, energyandgovernment.   NearthetopoftheAARPslatestlistcomesDeere&Company,anononsenseindustrialequipment manufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeeres46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthem areintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—also coincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”onthe ergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemfor longer.   Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworldsmostadvancedmanufacturer,has adapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlabouravailabletotheautomotivein dustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthat expresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.   Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeoplefor particularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessionalservicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,and about25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.   Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“although corporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.” Almostthreequartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashort ageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthat shortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEurope andAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboards—thiswhenthepoolofre tiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.   Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhas beenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewith afallingsupplyoflabour.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedthe overallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.Avastamountofworkis beingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchas Australia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Oth erswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation. 16.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbabyboomersapproachingretirement wouldbe [A]alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies. [B]adecreaseinthenumberof35to44yearolds. [C]acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50to64yearolds. [D]itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing. 17.Thefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforce EXCEPT [A]makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers. [B]usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees. [C]encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas. [D]grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers. 18.“Thecompanyspends‘alotoftimeontheergonomicsofitsfactories”(ParagraphSeven)meansthat [A]thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories. 2009—6     [B]thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories. [C]thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories. [D]thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment. 19.IntheauthorsopinionAmericanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageing workforcemainlybecause [A]theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem. [B]theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers. [C]theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo. [D]theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider. 20.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorsdevelopmentofargument? [A]introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwiththeissue→describingtheactualstatus→offering reasons. [B]describingtheactualstatus→introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwiththeissue→offering reasons. [C]citingwaystodealwiththeissue→introducingtheissue→describingtheactualstatus→offering reasons. [D]describingtheactualstatus→offeringreasons→introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwith theissue. TEXTC (1)Theotherproblemthatarisesfromtheemploymentofwomenisthatoftheworkingwife.Ithas twoaspects:thatofthewifewhoismoreofasuccessthanherhusbandandthatofthewifewhomustrely heavilyonherhusbandforhelpwithdomestictasks.Therearevariouswaysinwhichtheimpactofthe firstdifficultycanbereduced.Providedthathusbandandwifearenotinthesameordirectlycomparable linesofwork,theharshfactofhergreatersuccesscanbeobscuredbyagenialconspiracytorejectapurely monetarymeasureofachievementasintolerablycrude.Wherethereareranks,itisbestifthecouplework indifferentfieldssothatthehusbandcanfindsomespecialreasonforthesuperiorityofthelowestfigure inhistothemostelevatedinhiswifes.   (2)Aproblemthataffectsamuchlargernumberofworkingwivesistheneedtoreallocatedomestic tasksiftherearechildren.InTheRoadtoWiganPierGeorgeOrwellwroteoftheunemployedofthe Lancashirecoalfields:“Practicallynever...inaworkingclasshome,willyouseethemandoingastrokeof thehousework.Unemploymenthasnotchangedthisconvention,whichonthefaceofitseemsalittleun fair.Themanisidlefrommorningtonightbutthewomanisasbusyasevermoreso,indeed,becauseshe hastomanagewithlessmoney.Yetsofarasmyexperiencegoesthewomendonotprotest.Theyfeelthat amanwouldlosehismanhoodif,merelybecausehewasoutofwork,hedevelopedina‘MaryAnn’.”   (3)Itisoverthecareofyoungchildrenthatthisreallocationofdutiesbecomesreallysignificant.For this,unlikethecookingoffishfingersorthemakingofbeds,isaninescapablytimeconsumingoccupation, andtimeiswhatthefullyemployedwifehasnomoretospareofthanherhusband.   (4)Themaleinitiativeincourtshipisaprettyindiscriminateaffair,somethingthatistriedonwith anyremotelyplausiblewomanwhocomeswithinrangeand,ofcourse,withalldegreesoftentativeness. Whatdecidestheissueofwhetheragenuinecourtshipisgoingtogetunderwayisthewomansresponse. Ifsheshowsinteresttheenginesofpersuasionaresetinmovement.Thetruthisthatincourtshipsociety giveswomentherealpowerwhilepretendingtogiveittomen.   (5)Whatdoesseemclearisthatthemoremenandwomenaretogether,atworkandawayfromit,the morethecomprehensiveamorousnessofmentowardswomenwillhavetogo,despiteallitspastevolutionary 2009—7     services.Foritisthisthatmakesinferiorityatworkabrasiveand,moreindirectly,makesdomesticworkseem unmanly.Ifthereistobeanequalizingredistributionofeconomicanddomestictasksbetweenmenandwomen theremustbeacompensatingredistributionoftheeroticinitiative.Ifwomenwillnolongerletusbeatthemthey mustallowustojointhemastheblushingrecipientsofflowersandchocolates. 21.ParagraphOneadvisestheworkingwifewhoismoresuccessfulthanherhusbandto [A]workinthesamesortofjobasherhusband. [B]playdownhersuccess,makingitsoundunimportant. [C]stresshowmuchthefamilygainsfromherhighsalary. [D]introducemorelaboursavingmachineryintothehome. 22.OrwellspictureofrelationsbetweenmanandwifeinWiganPier(ParagraphTwo)describesarela tionshipwhichtheauthorofthepassage [A]thinksisthenaturalone. [B]wishestoseepreserved. [C]believesisfair. [D]issuremustchange. 23.Whichofthefollowingwordsisusedliterally,NOTmetaphorically? [A]Abrasive(ParagraphFive). [B]Engines(ParagraphFour). [C]Convention(ParagraphTwo). [D]Heavily(ParagraphOne). 24.Thelastparagraphstressesthatifwomenaretoholdimportantjobs,thentheymust [A]sometimesmakethefirstadvancesinlove. [B]allowmentoflirtwithmanywomen. [C]stopacceptingpresentsofflowersandchocolates. [D]avoidmakingtheirhusbandslooklike“MaryAnns”. 25.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutthepresentformofcourtship? [A]Menareequallyseriousaboutcourtship. [B]Eachman“makespasses”atmanywomen. [C]Thewomansreactiondecidesthefateofcourtship. [D]Themanleaveshimselftheopportunitytogiveupthechasequickly. TEXTD FromNamcheBazaar,theSherpacapitalat12,000feet,thelonglinethreadedsouth,dropping2,000 feettothevalleyfloor,thentrudgeddownthehugeSolaKhumbucanyonuntilitopenedouttothelush butstilldauntingfoothillsofCentralNepal.   ItwashereatNamchethatonemanbrokerankandleanednorth,slowlyandarduouslyclimbingthe steepwallsofthenaturalamphitheaterbehindthescatterofstonehuts,thenpastKundeandKhumjong.   Despitewearingabalaclavaonhishead,hehadbeenfrequentlyrecognizedbytheTibetans,andtrea tedwiththegravestdeferenceandrespect.Evenamongthosewhoknewnothingabouthim,expressionsof surpriselituptheirdark,liquideyes.Hewasamannotexpectedtobethere.   NotonlywashisstaturesubstantiallygreaterthanthatofthediminutiveTibetans,butitwasalsoob viousfromhisbearing—andhisnewbroadcloak,whichcoveredamuchtootightarmyuniform—thathe camefromamarkedlyloftierstationinlifethandidtheaverageTibetan.Amongapeoplevirtuallybereft ofpossessions,hehadfewerstill,consistingsolelyofaroundedbundleaboutafootindiameterslungse curelybyacordoverhisshoulder.ThematerialthebundlewaswrappedinwasofaroughTibetanweave, whichdidnotaugurthatthecontentwasofanygreatervalue—exceptfortheimportanceheseemedto ascribetoit,neverforamomentreleasinghisgrip. 2009—8       Hisobjectivewasatinyhuddleofbuildingsperchedhalfwayupanenormousvalleywallacrossfrom him,atopagreatwoodedspurjuttingoutfromthelowerlapofthe22,493footAmaDablum,oneofthe mostmajesticmountainsonearth.TherewassituatedTengboche,themostfamousBuddhistmonasteryin theHimalayas,itssettingunsurpassedformagnificenceanywhereontheplanet.   Fromthetopofthespur,oneseyessweep12milesupthestupendousDudhKosicanyontothesix milelonggranitewallofcliffofNuptseatitshead.IfAmaDablumistheGatekeeper,thenthesheercliff ofNuptse,neverlessthanfourmileshigh,istheFinalProtectorofthehighestandmightiestofthemall: Chomolongma,theMotherGoddessoftheWorld,totheTibetans;Sagarmatha,theHeadoftheSeas,to theNepalese;andEveresttotherestofus.AndoverthegreatbarrierofNuptseShedemurelypeaks.   Itwaslateintheafternoon—whenthegreatshadowscastbythecolossalmountainsweredescend ingintothedeepvalleyfloors—beforehereachedthecrestofthespurandshuffledtoastopjustpast Tengbochesentrancegompa.Hischestheavingintherarefiedair,heremovedhishandfromthebundle —thefirsttimehehaddoneso—andwipedgrimyrivuletsofsweatfromaroundhiseyeswiththefingers ofhismittedhand.   Hisnarrowedeyestookintheopensweepofthequietgrounds,thepagodalikemonasteryitself,and thestonebuildingsthattumbleddownarounditlikeaprotectiveskirt.Inthedistancethemagiclightof themagichourlituptheplumeflyingoffChomolongmas
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