书书书
2009—1
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2009)
—GRADEEIGHT—
TIMELIMIT:195MIN
PARTI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)
SECTIONA MINILECTURE
Inthissectionyouwillhearaminilecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,
takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea
gapfillingtaskaftertheminilecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheck
yournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegapfillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usethe
blanksheetfornotetaking.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestions
thatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.
Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondsto
answereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?
[A]Toastmasterswasoriginallysetuptotrainspeakingskills.
[B]Toastmastersonlyacceptsprospectiveprofessionalspeakers.
[C]Toastmastersacceptsmembersfromthegeneralpublic.
[D]Toastmastersisanexclusiveclubforprofessionalspeakers.
2.ThefollowingarejobbenefitsbyjoiningToastmastersEXCEPT
[A]becomingfamiliarwithvariousmeansofcommunication.
[B]learninghowtodelivermessagesinanorganizedway.
[C]becomingawareofaudienceexpectations.
[D]learninghowtogetalongwithfriends.
3.Toastmastersgeneralapproachtotrainingcanbesummarizedas
[A]practiceplusoveralltraining. [B]practicepluslectures.
[C]practiceplusvoicetraining. [D]practiceplusspeechwriting.
4.ToastmastersaimstotrainpeopletobeallthefollowingEXCEPT
[A]publicspeakers. [B]grammarteachers.
[C]mastersofceremonies. [D]evaluators.
5.Theinterviewmainlyfocuseson
[A]thebackgroundinformation.
[B]thedescriptionoftrainingcourses.
[C]therequirementsofpublicspeaking.
[D]theoverallpersonalgrowth.
2009—2
SECTIONC NEWSBROADCAST
InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestions
thatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.
Questions6and7arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20
secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.
6.Whichofthefollowingisthemaincauseofglobalwarming?
[A]Fossilfuel. [B]Greenhousegases.
[C]Increaseddryness. [D]Violentstormpatterns.
7.Thenewsitemimpliesthat inthelastreport.
[A]therewerefewerstudiesdone [B]therewerefewerpolicyproposals
[C]therewaslessagreement [D]therewerefewerobjectives
Questions8and9arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20
secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.
8.ThecauseoftheIndiantrainaccidentwas
[A]terroristsabotage. [B]yettobedetermined.
[C]lackofcommunications. [D]badweather.
9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?
[A]Theaccidentoccurredonabridge. [B]TheaccidentoccurredinNewDelhi.
[C]Therewereabout600casualties. [D]Victimswererescuedimmediately.
Question10isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10seconds
toanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.
10.Whatisthemainmessageofthenewsitem?
[A]Youngpeopleshouldseekcareersadvice.
[B]Careersserviceneedstobeimproved.
[C]Businessesarenotgettingtalentedpeople.
[D]CareersadviceisnotofferedontheInternet.
PARTII READINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)
Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiplechoicequestions.
Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.
TEXTA
Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildrenshorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeany
thingwedbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Inthinkingaboutwhatwas
possiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwohourplaneridefrom
Zurich.
Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthis
year,butthoughtour11and13yearoldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristine
monuments.
Whatwedidntforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“in
2009—3
danger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.Tohelpusget
acquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywere
particularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.
Friendlywarningsdidntchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwith
theU.S.StateDepartmentslistoftroublespots.Wedidntseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitors
duringoursixdaystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvaried
enougheventosuitourson,whoseoftrepeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuse
uminagivencity.
Vaccinationswerentneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterfora
shortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemex
cessive,butweallstayedhealthy.
Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20minutewalkfrommostofIstanbulsmajortour
istsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspasta
colorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.
Fromateenagerandpreteensview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbe
boughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,
whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbeharder
simplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.
Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,it
wasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingfor
thepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatter
withitsmanyzeros.
BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenor
mousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildrenscuriosity
alreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycornerofthecity,and
thescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.
Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestau
rants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedusthe
agonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadultsdesiretotrysomethingnewamid
childrensinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeother
Turkishspecialties.
AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardques
tionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultanspalace.No
guideswereavailablesoitwasdoityourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinteresting
historyandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesuchar
rangementsinadvance.
Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsand
itsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.
11.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause
[A]thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.
[B]thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.
[C]thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.
[D]thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.
2009—4
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
[A]Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.
[B]Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.
[C]Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.
[D]Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.
13.Welearnfromthecouplesshoppingexperiencebackhomethat
[A]theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.
[B]theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.
[C]streetmarketsweretheirfavourite.
[D]theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.
14.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul
[A]guidebooksareveryuseful.
[B]aprofessionalguideisamust.
[C]onehastobepreparedforquestions.
[D]onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.
15.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT
[A]religiousprayers. [B]historicalbuildings.
[C]localstylemarkets. [D]shoppingmallboutiques.
TEXTB
Lastmonththefirstbabyboomersturned60.Thebulkygenerationbornbetween1946and1964is
headingtowardsretirement.Thelooming“demographiccliff”willseevastnumbersofskilledworkersdis
patchedfromthelabourforce.
Theworkforceisageingacrosstherichworld.WithintheEUthenumberofworkersagedbetween
50and64willincreaseby25%overthenexttwodecades,whilethoseaged2029willdecreaseby20%.
InJapanalmost20%ofthepopulationisalreadyover65,thehighestshareintheworld.AndintheUnit
edStatesthenumberofworkersaged5564willhaveincreasedbymorethanhalfinthisdecade,atthe
sametimeasthe35to44yearoldsdeclineby10%.
Giventhatmostsocietiesaregearedtoretirementataround65,companieshavealoomingproblemof
knowledgemanagement,ofmakingsurethattheboomersdonotleavebeforetheyhavehandedovertheir
expertisealongwiththeofficekeysandtheiremailaddress.Asurveyofhumanresourcesdirectorsby
IBMlastyearconcluded:“Whenthebabyboomergenerationretires,manycompanieswillfindouttoolate
thatacareersworthofexperiencehaswalkedoutthedoor,leavinginsufficienttalenttofillinthevoid.”
Somealsofaceashortageofexpertise.Inaerospaceanddefence,forexample,asmuchas40%ofthe
workforceinsomecompanieswillbeeligibletoretirewithinthenextfiveyears.Atthesametime,the
numberofengineeringgraduatesindevelopedcountriesisinsteepdecline.
Afewcompaniesaresosqueezedthattheyarealreadytakingexceptionalmeasures.Earlierthisyear
theLosAngelesTimesinterviewedanenterprisingAustralianwhowasstayinginBeverlyHillswhilehe
triedtopersuadelocalstoemigratetoToowoomba,Queensland,toworkforhisengineeringcompany
there.Toowoombatoday;therestofthedevelopedworldtomorrow?
Ifyoulookhardenough,youcanfindcompaniesthathavebeguntoadapttheworkplacetoolder
workers.TheAARP,anAmericanassociationfortheover50s,producesanannuallistofthebestemploy
ersofitsmembers.Healthcarefirmsinvariablycomenearthetopbecausetheyareoneoftheindustries
2009—5
mostinneedofskilledlabour.Othersectorssimilarlyaffected,saystheConferenceBoard,includeoil,gas,
energyandgovernment.
NearthetopoftheAARPslatestlistcomesDeere&Company,anononsenseindustrialequipment
manufacturerbasedinIllinois;about35%ofDeeres46,000employeesareover50andanumberofthem
areintheir70s.Thetoolsitusestoachievethat—flexibleworking,telecommuting,andsoforth—also
coincidentallyhelpolderworkerstoextendtheirworkinglives.Thecompanyspends“alotoftime”onthe
ergonomicsofitsfactories,makingjobstherelesstiring,whichenablesolderworkerstostayatthemfor
longer.
Likewise,formorethanadecade,Toyota,arguablytheworldsmostadvancedmanufacturer,has
adapteditsworkstationstoolderworkers.Theshortageofskilledlabouravailabletotheautomotivein
dustryhasmadeitunusuallykeentorecruitolderworkers.BMWrecentlysetupafactoryinLeipzigthat
expresslysetouttoemploypeopleovertheageof45.Needsmustwhenthedevildrives.
Otherfirmsarepolishingtheiralumninetworks.IBMusesitsnetworktorecruitretiredpeoplefor
particularprojects.Ernst&Young,aprofessionalservicesfirm,hasabout30,000registeredalumni,and
about25%ofits“experienced”newrecruitsareformeremployeeswhoreturnafteranabsence.
Butsuchexamplesareunusual.AsurveyinAmericalastmonthbyErnst&Youngfoundthat“although
corporateAmericaforeseesasignificantworkforceshortageasboomersretire,itisnotdealingwiththeissue.”
Almostthreequartersofthe1,400globalcompaniesquestionedbyDeloittelastyearsaidtheyexpectedashort
ageofsalariedstaffoverthenextthreetofiveyears.Yetfewofthemarelookingtoolderworkerstofillthat
shortage;andevenfewerarelookingtothemtofillanothergapthathasalreadyappeared.ManyfirmsinEurope
andAmericacomplainthattheystruggletofindqualifieddirectorsfortheirboards—thiswhenthepoolofre
tiredtalentfromthoseverysamefirmsisgrowingbyleapsandbounds.
Whyarefirmsnotworkinghardertokeepoldemployees?Partofthereasonisthatthecrunchhas
beenbeyondthehorizonofmostmanagers.Norishangingontoolderworkerstheonlywaytocopewith
afallingsupplyoflabour.Theparticipationofdevelopingcountriesintheworldeconomyhasincreasedthe
overallsupply—whateverthelocaleffectofdemographicsintherichcountries.Avastamountofworkis
beingsentoffshoretosuchplacesasChinaandIndiaandmorewillgoinfuture.Somecountries,suchas
Australia,arerelaxingtheirimmigrationpoliciestoallowmuchneededskillstocomeinfromabroad.Oth
erswillavoidtheneedforworkersbyspendingmoneyonmachineryandautomation.
16.Accordingtothepassage,themostseriousconsequenceofbabyboomersapproachingretirement
wouldbe
[A]alossofknowledgeandexperiencetomanycompanies.
[B]adecreaseinthenumberof35to44yearolds.
[C]acontinuousincreaseinthenumberof50to64yearolds.
[D]itsimpactonthedevelopedworldwhoseworkforceisageing.
17.Thefollowingareallthemeasuresthatcompanieshaveadoptedtocopewiththeageingworkforce
EXCEPT
[A]makingplacesofworkaccommodatetheneedsofolderworkers.
[B]usingalumninetworkstohireretiredformeremployees.
[C]encouragingformeremployeestoworkoverseas.
[D]grantingmoreconvenienceinworkinghourstoolderworkers.
18.“Thecompanyspends‘alotoftimeontheergonomicsofitsfactories”(ParagraphSeven)meansthat
[A]thecompanyattachesgreatimportancetothelayoutofitsfactories.
2009—6
[B]thecompanyimprovestheworkingconditionsinitsfactories.
[C]thecompanyattemptstoreduceproductioncostsofitsfactories.
[D]thecompanyintendstorenovateitsfactoriesandupdateequipment.
19.IntheauthorsopinionAmericanfirmsarenotdoinganythingtodealwiththeissueoftheageing
workforcemainlybecause
[A]theyhavenotbeenawareoftheproblem. [B]theyarereluctanttohireolderworkers.
[C]theyarenotsureofwhattheyshoulddo. [D]theyhaveotheroptionstoconsider.
20.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorsdevelopmentofargument?
[A]introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwiththeissue→describingtheactualstatus→offering
reasons.
[B]describingtheactualstatus→introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwiththeissue→offering
reasons.
[C]citingwaystodealwiththeissue→introducingtheissue→describingtheactualstatus→offering
reasons.
[D]describingtheactualstatus→offeringreasons→introducingtheissue→citingwaystodealwith
theissue.
TEXTC
(1)Theotherproblemthatarisesfromtheemploymentofwomenisthatoftheworkingwife.Ithas
twoaspects:thatofthewifewhoismoreofasuccessthanherhusbandandthatofthewifewhomustrely
heavilyonherhusbandforhelpwithdomestictasks.Therearevariouswaysinwhichtheimpactofthe
firstdifficultycanbereduced.Providedthathusbandandwifearenotinthesameordirectlycomparable
linesofwork,theharshfactofhergreatersuccesscanbeobscuredbyagenialconspiracytorejectapurely
monetarymeasureofachievementasintolerablycrude.Wherethereareranks,itisbestifthecouplework
indifferentfieldssothatthehusbandcanfindsomespecialreasonforthesuperiorityofthelowestfigure
inhistothemostelevatedinhiswifes.
(2)Aproblemthataffectsamuchlargernumberofworkingwivesistheneedtoreallocatedomestic
tasksiftherearechildren.InTheRoadtoWiganPierGeorgeOrwellwroteoftheunemployedofthe
Lancashirecoalfields:“Practicallynever...inaworkingclasshome,willyouseethemandoingastrokeof
thehousework.Unemploymenthasnotchangedthisconvention,whichonthefaceofitseemsalittleun
fair.Themanisidlefrommorningtonightbutthewomanisasbusyasevermoreso,indeed,becauseshe
hastomanagewithlessmoney.Yetsofarasmyexperiencegoesthewomendonotprotest.Theyfeelthat
amanwouldlosehismanhoodif,merelybecausehewasoutofwork,hedevelopedina‘MaryAnn’.”
(3)Itisoverthecareofyoungchildrenthatthisreallocationofdutiesbecomesreallysignificant.For
this,unlikethecookingoffishfingersorthemakingofbeds,isaninescapablytimeconsumingoccupation,
andtimeiswhatthefullyemployedwifehasnomoretospareofthanherhusband.
(4)Themaleinitiativeincourtshipisaprettyindiscriminateaffair,somethingthatistriedonwith
anyremotelyplausiblewomanwhocomeswithinrangeand,ofcourse,withalldegreesoftentativeness.
Whatdecidestheissueofwhetheragenuinecourtshipisgoingtogetunderwayisthewomansresponse.
Ifsheshowsinteresttheenginesofpersuasionaresetinmovement.Thetruthisthatincourtshipsociety
giveswomentherealpowerwhilepretendingtogiveittomen.
(5)Whatdoesseemclearisthatthemoremenandwomenaretogether,atworkandawayfromit,the
morethecomprehensiveamorousnessofmentowardswomenwillhavetogo,despiteallitspastevolutionary
2009—7
services.Foritisthisthatmakesinferiorityatworkabrasiveand,moreindirectly,makesdomesticworkseem
unmanly.Ifthereistobeanequalizingredistributionofeconomicanddomestictasksbetweenmenandwomen
theremustbeacompensatingredistributionoftheeroticinitiative.Ifwomenwillnolongerletusbeatthemthey
mustallowustojointhemastheblushingrecipientsofflowersandchocolates.
21.ParagraphOneadvisestheworkingwifewhoismoresuccessfulthanherhusbandto
[A]workinthesamesortofjobasherhusband.
[B]playdownhersuccess,makingitsoundunimportant.
[C]stresshowmuchthefamilygainsfromherhighsalary.
[D]introducemorelaboursavingmachineryintothehome.
22.OrwellspictureofrelationsbetweenmanandwifeinWiganPier(ParagraphTwo)describesarela
tionshipwhichtheauthorofthepassage
[A]thinksisthenaturalone. [B]wishestoseepreserved.
[C]believesisfair. [D]issuremustchange.
23.Whichofthefollowingwordsisusedliterally,NOTmetaphorically?
[A]Abrasive(ParagraphFive). [B]Engines(ParagraphFour).
[C]Convention(ParagraphTwo). [D]Heavily(ParagraphOne).
24.Thelastparagraphstressesthatifwomenaretoholdimportantjobs,thentheymust
[A]sometimesmakethefirstadvancesinlove.
[B]allowmentoflirtwithmanywomen.
[C]stopacceptingpresentsofflowersandchocolates.
[D]avoidmakingtheirhusbandslooklike“MaryAnns”.
25.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutthepresentformofcourtship?
[A]Menareequallyseriousaboutcourtship.
[B]Eachman“makespasses”atmanywomen.
[C]Thewomansreactiondecidesthefateofcourtship.
[D]Themanleaveshimselftheopportunitytogiveupthechasequickly.
TEXTD
FromNamcheBazaar,theSherpacapitalat12,000feet,thelonglinethreadedsouth,dropping2,000
feettothevalleyfloor,thentrudgeddownthehugeSolaKhumbucanyonuntilitopenedouttothelush
butstilldauntingfoothillsofCentralNepal.
ItwashereatNamchethatonemanbrokerankandleanednorth,slowlyandarduouslyclimbingthe
steepwallsofthenaturalamphitheaterbehindthescatterofstonehuts,thenpastKundeandKhumjong.
Despitewearingabalaclavaonhishead,hehadbeenfrequentlyrecognizedbytheTibetans,andtrea
tedwiththegravestdeferenceandrespect.Evenamongthosewhoknewnothingabouthim,expressionsof
surpriselituptheirdark,liquideyes.Hewasamannotexpectedtobethere.
NotonlywashisstaturesubstantiallygreaterthanthatofthediminutiveTibetans,butitwasalsoob
viousfromhisbearing—andhisnewbroadcloak,whichcoveredamuchtootightarmyuniform—thathe
camefromamarkedlyloftierstationinlifethandidtheaverageTibetan.Amongapeoplevirtuallybereft
ofpossessions,hehadfewerstill,consistingsolelyofaroundedbundleaboutafootindiameterslungse
curelybyacordoverhisshoulder.ThematerialthebundlewaswrappedinwasofaroughTibetanweave,
whichdidnotaugurthatthecontentwasofanygreatervalue—exceptfortheimportanceheseemedto
ascribetoit,neverforamomentreleasinghisgrip.
2009—8
Hisobjectivewasatinyhuddleofbuildingsperchedhalfwayupanenormousvalleywallacrossfrom
him,atopagreatwoodedspurjuttingoutfromthelowerlapofthe22,493footAmaDablum,oneofthe
mostmajesticmountainsonearth.TherewassituatedTengboche,themostfamousBuddhistmonasteryin
theHimalayas,itssettingunsurpassedformagnificenceanywhereontheplanet.
Fromthetopofthespur,oneseyessweep12milesupthestupendousDudhKosicanyontothesix
milelonggranitewallofcliffofNuptseatitshead.IfAmaDablumistheGatekeeper,thenthesheercliff
ofNuptse,neverlessthanfourmileshigh,istheFinalProtectorofthehighestandmightiestofthemall:
Chomolongma,theMotherGoddessoftheWorld,totheTibetans;Sagarmatha,theHeadoftheSeas,to
theNepalese;andEveresttotherestofus.AndoverthegreatbarrierofNuptseShedemurelypeaks.
Itwaslateintheafternoon—whenthegreatshadowscastbythecolossalmountainsweredescend
ingintothedeepvalleyfloors—beforehereachedthecrestofthespurandshuffledtoastopjustpast
Tengbochesentrancegompa.Hischestheavingintherarefiedair,heremovedhishandfromthebundle
—thefirsttimehehaddoneso—andwipedgrimyrivuletsofsweatfromaroundhiseyeswiththefingers
ofhismittedhand.
Hisnarrowedeyestookintheopensweepofthequietgrounds,thepagodalikemonasteryitself,and
thestonebuildingsthattumbleddownarounditlikeaprotectiveskirt.Inthedistancethemagiclightof
themagichourlituptheplumeflyingoffChomolongmas
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