nullnull上海交通大学出版社 Book 2应用型大学英语系列教程 Application-oriented college English Course Unit 6Unit 6上海交通大学出版社 Language Skills DevelopmentLanguage in UseEnhancement of Language
Abilities Unit SixTable of ContentsFocus1 content
Focus1 content
上海交通大学出版社 Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentStarterText: The Debtor GenerationWorking with words and phrasesDiscussionPractice: interpretingPractice: translationPractice: writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of Contentsfocus1highlights
focus1highlights
上海交通大学出版社 Highlights
S: Talking about cartoons: street beggars & bank card debtors
L: Paying with bank cards at City Supermarket
R: The debtor generation
W: How to write parallel constructions
Internet work: Introducing a student credit
card with favorable clauses Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentnullA. Look at the two cartoons below and discuss the following
questions. 上海交通大学出版社 1. Starterfocus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 1. Is it better to be a beggar or a debtor? Why?It depends. On the one hand, a debtor who tries to repay his debt as soon as he is able to is surely better than a beggar who begs simply because he is a shameless lazybones. On the other hand, a beggar who is too weak, too old or too disabled to avoid begging is undoubtedly more understandable than a debtor who owes a lot of money and can’t repay it.1. Starterfocus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 2. What are the advantages of using credit cards?There are several advantages of using credit cards.
1) It is safe alternative to carrying cash.
2) It allows the credit card account holder to build a solid
credit history.
3) It can access funds in case of emergency.
4) It allows extra time to pay for goods and services
purchased.
5) It is clean and environment-friendly.1. Starterfocus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 3. Do you agree that credit cards build up debts? Yes. For one thing, it is so convenient to swipe the card
for shopping that you may use it more often than you
realize it. For another, the card may lead you to the
misconception that you have more consumption power
than you really do.1. StarternullB. Listen to a conversation at City Supermarket and answer
the following questions. 上海交通大学出版社 1. Starternull上海交通大学出版社 1. Starter1. Does City Supermarket accept bank cards? Yes, it does.2. Why does the cashier ask the customer to show a
valid proof of identity?Because the customer’s signature on the receipt is
not the same as that on the back of the card.focus1starterfocus1starter上海交通大学出版社 Signing the Receipt at City Supermarket
Tapescript 1. Starterfocus1starterfocus1starter上海交通大学出版社
1. StarterFocus2 working with wordsFocus2 working with words( ) 1. Generation Y
( ) 2. Generation X 上海交通大学出版社 a. the debtor generation or people growing up with a credit-fueled
lifestyle and digital devices
b. people born in 1978 or later
c. people born between 1965 and 1977
d. people enrolled in high school or university on September 11, 2001 Text Lead-inWarm up
A. Match the generation terms (1-4) with their definitions (a-d). ( ) 3. Generation 9.11
( ) 4. Generation D' bcdaWarm up
B. Look at the chart. Describe the trend it reveals. 上海交通大学出版社 Text Lead-inWarm up
B. Look at the chart. Describe the trend it reveals. In 1998, about 68% of undergrads had credit cards. In 2000, approximately 79% of undergrads had credit cards. The chart reveals more and more undergrads are and will be using credit cards. nullText Lead-inText organization上海交通大学出版社 1-2Introduction to Generation D and the problems they may face.3-14Lifestyle of Generation D and their attitude towards debts caused by credit cards 3-6Generation D is different from previous generations in many aspects.7-10Generation D has to face reality when it is contradictory to their dreams.11-14Generation D does not postpone life’s milestones by debts.null2 Text: The Debtor Generation 1 When they turn 18, they get calls from credit card companies. A few years later, they’ve got a load of debts —many of them with thousands of dollars in student loans and credit card bills. Then they buy cars, furniture and nice new clothes—mostly on credit. turn link v.
达到（某一年龄或时间）
e.g. He has turned forty. 他已年过四十。
It has just turned twelve. 刚过十二点钟。a load of: 很多，大量
e.g. You’re talking a load of rubbish.
debt: n.
1) [C] 债务；欠款
e.g. If I pay all my debts I’ll have no money left.
2) [U] 负债情况
e.g. We were poor, but we never got into debt. credit: n. [U] 赊购
e.g. No credit is given at this shop.
on credit: 借贷，赊账
e.g. I bought a car on credit. credit: n. [U] 赊购
e.g. No credit is given at this shop.
on credit: 借贷，赊账
e.g. I bought a car on credit. 负债的一代
1 他们一满18岁，就会接到信用卡公司的电话。几年后，他们就会背负一大笔债务——他们中很多人都会欠下几千美元的学生贷款和信用卡账单。接着，他们还会买汽车，买家具，买漂亮的新衣服，几乎全是刷卡消费。null2 Text: The Debtor Generation2 他们不会一直那样天真。当负债的一代还没有得到收入丰厚的全职工作，就要为偿还信用卡公司的债务而付出代价的时候，很多人就会醒悟过来。
2 They don’t remain innocent for long. Many members of Generation D feel disillusioned when they make sacrifices to repay lenders who gave them credit before they had well-paying, full-time jobs.
innocent: a.
1)无知的，头脑简单的
e.g. Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you.
2)清白的，无罪的
e.g. A man is accounted innocent until he is proven guilty. Generation D comes from the title The Debtor Generation and can be shortened as D Generation or Generation D (负债的一代). disillusioned: a.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的
e.g. Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties.
She’s disillusioned with life in general.
dis- 否定、相反或相对
e.g.dishonest (不诚实的); disagreeable (令人不快的，讨厌的); disagreement (分歧，不一致，意见不合); disengage (放开；挣脱开，摆脱开)repay: vt. 1) 还（钱）；偿还
e.g. I’ll repay you the money you lent me next week.
2) 报答，酬谢
e.g. I’d like to buy them something to repay all their kindness.
repayable: a. 可偿还的；应偿还的；应回报的
repayment: n. [U]归还借款，偿还债务well-paying: a.
高工资的，报酬优厚的sacrifice: n.
1) [C, U]牺牲，舍弃
e.g. Getting rich isn’t worth the sacrifice of your principles.
2) [C, U] 祭献，祭祀
e.g. It was common to make sacrifices to the gods to ensure a good harvest. null2 Text: The Debtor Generation一场真正的变革
3 前几代刚成年的时候，往往生活窘迫——客厅中摆放着牛奶箱，冰箱里放着老密尔沃基牌的啤酒。他们在为了舒适的物质生活而兢兢业业的奋斗中，学会了一个道理——花钱与赚钱密切相关。 A Real Revolution
3 Previous generations tended to begin adulthood in reduced circumstances —milk crates in the living room, Old Milwaukee in the fridge. They worked their way into material comfort while absorbing the lesson that buying is closely related to earning.adulthood: n. [U] 成年
-hood ……状态；……时期
e.g. parenthood (做父母的身份); manhood (成年，成年时期); childhood (童年); neighborhood (街区，域区)reduced circumstances:（委婉
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
达从富到穷）生活窘迫work one’s way into: 兢兢业业地达成……
e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor. Meaning: They obtained a comfortable material life by hard work. Meanwhile, they learned that if they want to buy, they have to earn first.absorb: vt. 1) 理解；吸取
e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
2) 吸收（水、光、蒸汽等）
e.g. Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. work one’s way into: 兢兢业业地达成……
e.g. He works his way into being a successful contractor. reduced circumstances:（委婉表达从富到穷）生活窘迫null2 Text: The Debtor Generation4 与此相反，负债的一代中很多人刚成年的时候往往享受着优越的物质生活——客厅中摆着各种架子，冰箱里放着皮特牌淡啤酒。紧接着，如果他们稍不注意（开销），就不得不控制这种依赖信用卡消费的生活方式——以便可以付清账单。而这一点，并不是所有的人都能做到，那么他们就会因此付出代价。Question about Para. 44 In contrast, many in Generation D begin adulthood with material comfort—shelves in the living room, Pete’s Wicked Ale in the refrigerator. A A little later, if they’re not careful, they have to throttle back on their credit-fueled lifestyle so they can pay the bills. Not all can, and they pay the consequences.in contrast:相反
e.g. In contrast with their system, ours seems very old-fashioned.
His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. Meaning: On the contrary, many people of Debtor Generation grow up in comfortable condition—all kinds of shelves in the living room, top-grade beer in the refrigerator.throttle: vt. 1) 调节油门，减/加速
e.g. I throttled back as we approached the runway.
High tariffs throttle trade between countries.
2)使窒息，掐死
e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands.
throttle back: 控制，收敛
e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions. throttle: vt. 1) 调节油门，减/加速
e.g. I throttled back as we approached the runway.
High tariffs throttle trade between countries.
2)使窒息，掐死
e.g. He throttled the guard with his bare hands.
throttle back: 控制，收敛
e.g. He hopes to throttle back on his emotions. Meaning: Later on, if they’re careless with their spending, they have to control their credit on which their life is dependent so that they will be able to repay their debts.focus1textfocus1textThe Generation D begins adulthood with material comfort and depends too much ng.thood in reduced circumstances, working their way into material comfort, thus knowing that buying is closely relaton credit card consumption. Previous generations, however, began adulthood in reduced circumstances. They worked their way into material comfort.上海交通大学出版社 2. Text: A Story of Steve Jobs 1. How is the lifestyle of the Generation D different
from that of their previous generations? 2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor GenerationQuestion about Para. 5 5 Experts agree that today’s 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears. That’s especially true of the majority of high school graduates who go on to college or trade school, where people commonly get student loans and credit cards, even if they don’t have jobs. be true of: 合乎事实的；真的；真实的；确实的
e.g. Possibly the same is true of social work.
The same is true of all political parties. go on to sth.: 接着开始另一个项目
e.g. Let’s go on to the next item on the agenda. 5 专家们认为，现在18至30岁之间的人比他们上几代欠的债更多。尤其对大多数高中毕业就上大学或职业学校的学生来说，情况更是如此。在大学或职业学校里，尽管学生没有工作，通常也可以申请学生贷款和信用卡。 focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 2. What do the experts have in common with regard
to their opinions concerning the 18-to 30-year-olds’
debts?Experts agree that today’s 18- to 30-year-olds have more debts than their forebears.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor GenerationQuestion about Para. 66 People disagree about whether that’s so bad. After all, young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.corrosive: a.
逐步起破坏作用的，损害性的
e.g. Fear of unemployment is having a corrosive effect on the country’s economy. result from: 由……产生
e.g. Her injuries resulted from a fall.
cf. result in: 造成，导致
e.g. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. take on: 承担
e.g. Don’t take on more responsibility than you are expected. 6 人们对这种情况是否很糟糕意见不一。毕竟，年轻人很乐意接受学生贷款和信用卡， 而且大多数人能尽责地偿还。但是评论家们担心，这种个人还没有足够的收入来还款就背上债务的习惯会造成不良的社会影响。focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 3. Do people see eye to eye on the issue of student
debts? What are the two opposing views?No, they don’t. Some believe that young adults accept student loans and credit cards gladly and most repay dutifully. But critics worry that corrosive social effects result from the habit of taking on debt before one has sufficient income to repay.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor Generation梦想与债务
7 20世纪90年代，负债生活的诱惑日增。学杂费暴涨，联邦政府也加强了对学生贷款的限制，信用卡在校园市场的推销如火如荼。2000年，78% 的大学本科生拥有信用卡。 Dreams and Debt
7 The lure of living on debt increased in the 1990s. Tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. In 2000, 78 percent of college undergraduates had credit cards.tuition: n. 1) [U]学费
e.g. When I started college, tuition was $350 a quarter.
2) [U] 讲授，教诲
e.g. He received private tuition in English. skyrocket: vi.
（指物价等）飞涨，猛涨
e.g. The trade deficit has skyrocketed. vigorously: ad. 有力地
e.g. They were arguing vigorously on the responsibility of the death of the four college students. null2 Text: The Debtor Generation8 更微妙的变化到处可见。经济蓬勃发展，在异国复活节假旅游胜地拍摄的MTV充斥荧屏，《老友记》描述了一群年轻人在曼哈顿宽敞公寓里的舒适生活。二十几岁的年轻人梦想着大学或职业学校一毕业就过上富足的生活。Question about Para. 7- 88 Subtler changes abounded. The economy boomed, MTV broadcasted from exotic spring-break locales, Friends portrayed young adults living comfortably in roomy apartments in Manhattan. Twenty-somethings expected to live well right out of college or trade school.Meaning: Delicate changes exist everywhere.abound: vi.
大量存在，有许多
e.g. Grass abounds here all the year round. boom: vi. 迅速发展，繁荣
e.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. exotic: a.
1) 异国情调的；奇异的
e.g. The film retains much of the book’s exotic flavour.
2)异国的，外来的
e.g. Pandas are exotic animals to America. portray: vt.
1)描述；描绘；描写
e.g. The film vividly portrays life in the trenches.
2)为某人画像，画某人的像
e.g. She is portrayed wearing her wedding gown. roomy: a. [= spacious]
宽敞的，宽大的
e.g. Though more expensive, a roomy car can make you more comfortable.
n. + -y rainy, windy, snowy, juicy, watery, glassy, grassy.Twenty-something:
二十几岁的人
thirty-something/forty-something 三十到三十九（四十到四十九）岁
e.g. A fifty-something came to see you when you were out. 你不在时，有一位五十几岁的男子来找过你。focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 4. Why did the lure of living on debt increase in the
1990s? Because tuition and fees skyrocketed, the federal government increased student loan limits, and credit cards were marketed vigorously on campus. Meanwhile, the economy boomed, and mass media portrayed young adults living comfortably in large city. They are all attractive to young people.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor Generation9 在这些情况下，还有什么理由不借钱呢？1996年，公立大学里平均每位贷款的学生在毕业时欠债11950 美元。1998年，平均每个本科生有3.5张信用卡，负有1879美元的结欠款。Question about Para. 9 9 Under these circumstances, why not borrow? An average student loan recipient owed $11,950 upon graduating from a public university in 1996. In 1998, the average undergraduate had a balance of $1,879 on 3.5 credit cards. balance: n. 1) [C] (usu. sing) 结欠
e.g. The balance of ￡500 will be paid within one week.
2) [C] (usu. sing) 差额
e.g. I must check my bank balance, i.e. find out how much money I have in my account.
balance of payments:国际收支差额
balance of trade:贸易差额，进出口差额
e.g. a balance-of-trade deficit (when a country spends more than it earns from exports) focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 5. How much balance did an undergraduate have on
average on 3.5 credit cards in 1998? $1,879.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor Generation10 有人担心，这些债务将迫使毕业生放弃令人振奋但薪水不高的职业，而去从事沉闷乏味但收入丰厚的工作。密苏里大学研究员帕特里夏•萨默斯，在做学生贷款项目研究时曾采访了500多人，她说有一个准英语博士生打算拿到博士学位后就重操旧业——当21点扑克游戏的发牌员。Question about Para. 1010 Some worry that all this debt forces grads to forsake exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs. Patricia Somers, a University of Missouri researcher who interviewed 500 people for her research on student loans, tells of a Ph.D. candidate in English who was considering returning to her old job—dealing blackjack—after earning her doctorate.grad = graduate
grad: n. [C] 大学毕业生 （尤指获得学士学位的人）
e.g. His girlfriend is a Harvard grad.
2) [C]毕业生
e.g. a high-school graduate tell of:描述，叙述
e.g. The poem tells of the deeds of a famous warrior. doctorate: n. [C] 博士学位
Related terms：
bachelor’s degree 学士学位
(Bachelor of Arts 文学学士
Bachelor of Science 理学学士)
master’s degree 硕士学位
(Master of Arts 文学硕士
Master of Science 理学硕士)
doctor’s degree 博士学位
(通常叫Ph.D.
即Doctor of Philosophy)forsake: vt. 1) [= give up] 放弃，离开（尤指喜爱的事物）
e.g. You must forsake your bad habits.
2) [= abandon] 离开（尤指不履行
责任
安全质量包保责任状安全管理目标责任状8安全事故责任追究制幼儿园安全责任状占有损害赔偿请求权
），遗弃，舍弃
e.g. His gambling father forsook his family and went west for a living.
区别:forsake, abandon, desert, give up
The sailors abandoned the sinking ship.
He deserted his country and helped the enemy.
He has forsaken his native Finland to live in Britain.
In no case should you give up. focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 6. Why did a Ph.D. candidate consider returning to her
old job—dealing blackjack—after earning her
doctorate? Because debt forces her to forsake exciting but low-paying jobs in favor of dreary but well-paying jobs.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor Generation不推迟人生大事
11 当然，大多数贷款人在签署贷款文件时是以另一种角度看待这个问题的：学生贷款债务使他们能够追求自己的梦想，其他的信贷来源则让他们过上舒适的生活。Question about Para. 11
Not Putting It Off
11 Most borrowers, of course, look at it another way when they sign those loan papers: Student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.
focus1textfocus1text上海交通大学出版社 7. How do most students view their debts? Most students think that student loan debt enables them to pursue their dreams, and other sources of credit allow them to live in comfort.2 Text: The Debtor Generationnull2 Text: The Debtor Generation
12 即使年轻人花的比赚的多，他们也不会推迟那些人生大事——结婚、生子、买房。
12 Even as young people spend more than they earn, they’re not postponing life’s milestones—marriage, children and a house.
postpone: vt.延期，推迟
e.g. The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather. milestone: n. [C]里程碑
e.g. The heart transplant reached a significant milestone in the 1930s. Meaning: Even though young people do not make as much money as they spend, they’re not putting off the important events in their life, such as getting married, having kids and buying houses.null2 Text: The Debtor Generation 13 当被研究人员问及是否会因为债务而推迟结婚、生子或购房时，少数学生说债务确实会有那种影响。但研究表明，他们的言行并不一致：他们想结婚的时候就结婚、想生子的时候就生子，想买房的时候就买房，债务对此并没有多大影响。13 When researchers have asked students whether debt will cause them to delay marriage, parenthood or homeownership, a few say that debt indeed will have that effect. But studies show that deeds don’t match words: People get married, have kids and buy houses when they want to, and debt has little to do with the timing. Meaning: But studies show that they do not do what they say: People get married, have kids and buy houses as they wish and debt has little influence on their life planning.have something/little to do with:
与……有（没有什么）关系
e.g. Her diligence must have something to do with her success.
The big fire has little to do with the weather. timing: n. [U, C]
时间选择（或安排）；发生时刻（或时段）
e.g. One of the secrets of cricket is good timing.
Please check your flight timings carefully. null2 Text: The Debtor Generation
14 有些人甚至自负地声称：债务会催人成长。
14 Some people make a loftier claim: that debt forces people to grow up.
lofty: a. 1) 傲慢的，高傲的
e.g. She has such a lofty manner.
2)崇高的，高尚的
e.g. lofty ambitions/principles Read aloud the tongue twister on debt. 上海交通大学出版社 interactionRead aloud the tongue twister on debt. Ted’s dad wrote Ted a letter
He told Ted he was a bad credit debtor
And his head was buried in debt
To pay the debt he put his step pet in the net
Ted bet he’d better get rid of debt
Dad said Ted could settle the debt
But Ted let dad make every effort to settle the debt
Dad wrote Ted the last letter the next dusk
That Ted left with his step pet in the net he put on the bed in the flat null上海交通大学出版社 A. Put the following Chinese expressions into English. 4. Working with words and phrases 1. 偿还贷款 _______________________________
2. 一次付清学费 _______________________________
3. 终年多雨 _______________________________
4. 异国淡水宠物鱼 _______________________________
5. 把他描写成一位了不起的英雄 __________________________
6. 攻读博士学位 ________________________________
7. 有志之士 ________________________________
8. 人类历史上的里程碑 _________________________________ repay the loan pay off the tuition once for all abound with rain all the year roundexotic freshwater pet fishportray him as a great hero study for one’s doctoratea person with lofty idealsthe milestones in the human historynull上海交通大学出版社 B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text. 4. Workin
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