门捷列夫英文简介DmitriMendeleevwasborninTobolsk,Siberia,RussiaonFebruary8,1834.Mendeleevwastheyoungestchildof17siblings.Attheageof13,afterthepassingofhisfatherandthedestructionofhismother'sfactorybyfire,MendeleevattendedtheGymnasiuminTobolsk.In1849,thepoorMendeleevfamilyreloc...
DmitriMendeleevwasborninTobolsk,Siberia,RussiaonFebruary8,1834.Mendeleevwastheyoungestchildof17siblings.Attheageof13,afterthepassingofhisfatherandthedestructionofhismother'sfactorybyfire,MendeleevattendedtheGymnasiuminTobolsk.In1849,thepoorMendeleevfamilyrelocatedtoSt.Petersburg.Afterhegraduated,anillnessthatwasdiagnosedastuberculosiscausedhimtomovetotheCrimeanPeninsulaonthenortherncoastoftheBlackSeain1855.WhiletherehebecamechiefsciencemasteroftheSimferopolgymnasium№1.HereturnedwithfullyrestoredhealthtoSt.Petersburgin1857.Between1859and1861,heworkedonthecapillarityofliquidsandtheworkingsofthespectroscopeinHeidelberg.InlateAugustof1861hewrotehisfirstbookonthespectroscopeinwhichitreceivedhighacclaim.In1862,hemarriedFeozvaNikitichnaLeshcheva.MendeleevbecameProfessorofChemistryattheSaintPetersburgTechnologicalInstituteandtheUniversityofSt.Petersburgin1863heachievedtenurein1867,andby1871hadtransformedSt.Petersburgintoaninternationallyrecognizedcenterforchemistryresearch.In1865hebecameDoctorofScienceforhisdissertation"OntheCombinationsofWaterwithAlcohol".In1876,hebecameobsessedwithAnnaIvanovaPopovaandbegancourtingher;in1881heproposedtoherandthreatenedsuicideifsherefused.HisdivorcefromLeshchevawasfinalizedonemonthafterhehadmarriedPopovainearly1882.Evenafterthedivorce,Mendeleevwastechnicallyabigamist;theRussianOrthodoxChurchrequiredatleast7yearsbeforelawfulre-marriage.HisdivorceandthesurroundingcontroversycontributedtohisfailuretobeadmittedtotheRussianAcademyofSciences.ThoughMendeleevwaswidelyhonoredbyscientificorganizationsalloverEurope,includingtheCopleyMedalfromtheRoyalSocietyofLondon,heresignedfromSt.PetersburgUniversityonAugust17,1890.In1893,hewasappointedDirectoroftheBureauofWeightsandMeasures.Itwasinthisrolethathewasdirectedtoformulatenewstatestandardsfortheproductionofvodka.Mendeleevalsoinvestigatedthecompositionofoilfields,andhelpedtofoundthefirstoilrefineryinRussia.Mendeleevdiedin1907inSt.Petersburg,Russiafrominfluenza.TheMendeleevcraterontheMoon,aswellaselementnumber101,theradioactivemendelevium,arenamedafterhim.
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