nullENG 155
European and American Cultural HeritageENG 155
European and American Cultural HeritageLecture 2: The Forming of Greek CivilizationnullCrete and Early Greece (3000 B.C.)Crete and Early Greece (3000 B.C.)Cretan Civilization
King Minos and His Palace
Knossos
matriarchynullnullnullnullnullMycenaen Civilization Mycenaen Civilization Hellenes and Hellas (country)
PeloponnesenullnullnullThe Trojan WarThe Trojan WarHomer Illiad
The seduction by a Trojan prince of Helen, the wife of a king of SpartanullThe Greek Renaissance The Greek Renaissance Polis – independent city-state
Zeus – a sky god (Jupiter in Rome)
Apollo (sun god)
Aphrodite (goddess of love)
Athena (goddess of wisdom)
Artemis (hunter goddess)Greeks religionGreeks religionAnthropomorphic– humanlike superbeings
Priests and pritestesses
No church
nullnullnullnullWorshipWorshipPanhellenic culture
Athens – the protecting goddess of the city
Zeus– main local deity at Olympia
Olympics
ColonizationnullnullnullnullThe PolisThe PolisThe Human being is a political creature. – Aristotle
(all humans normally want to live within a community of people sharing cultural traditions and common citizenship)nullThe polis– the independent city-state
Acropolis – high city
Agora– a main public square and civic center
Only male citizens could vote, pass on their property through wills, and generally participate in civic lifeSelf-governmentSelf-governmentTo harness the energies of all the citizens in support of a city rather than allow the rivalries inherent in such crowded quarters to erupt into civil war OligarchyOligarchyA system in which wealthier citizens governed
Tyrant– an autocrat who ruled without strict legal foundation
Sparta– mixed constitution
Sparta– mixed constitution
Oligarchy– rule of a small number
Public assembly– males over 30
5 ephors (overseers)
Kings represented the element of monarchy
The council, oligarchy
The citizenry, a kind of democracy
nullnullSolonSolonDivided all Athenian citizens into four classes based on their income from farmland and allowed members of the two highest classes to hold office
A court of appeal– the Heliaea
Help the common people CleisthenesCleisthenesDemokratia– the domination of the Athenian state by the whole mass of voters
Demos– the people, the masses
Boule--Council of 500 members
Ten tribes
The assembly nullThe Athenian EmpireThe Athenian EmpirePericles (450-429 B. C)
Sophocles and Euripides
Judicial system– juries chosen by lotnullnullnullnull
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