第七章_供应链绩效评估

??????????? 2.1?? 2.2????????SCM??????? 2.3??????????????? 2.4??????????? 2.5?????????????? 2.6????????????? 2.7?? ???? 2.1?? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 2.2????????SCM??????? ??????SCM?????????????? (1). ????????????? (2). ?????????????????????????? (3). ??/????????????????????????????? (4). ?????????????????? (5). ???????????????????????? 2.3??????????????? ?????????????????Operation?????Management??? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????Multi-dimensional? ????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????Effectiveness?????Velocity??????Responsiveness? ????????????Performance Measurement????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????Supply Chain Management, SCM????? ??????????????????????????????Business Process Re-engineering, BPR??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? AMR(American Management Research)??????????? 2005????????????? ???? 210?????????????????????????????? ????????????? 10?????????????????????? 2? 5,000????10?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????MIC???? ??? 1999?? 2003??????????????????????????? ??????????Production Scheduling???????Material Planning??? ?????e-Procurement???????Warehouse Management???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????? A???B????????????????????? C?D?E???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????Key Performance Index, KP I??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???Return on Investment, ROI?????????????????????? ??????? 2.4??????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????Objective-oriented?????????????? ??????????????????????????Benchmarking???? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? PMG(Pine Mountain Group)?????????????????? ??????????????Fact-based?????????Process-centered?? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????Operations Strategy???????Performance Targets & Benchmarks????????????Core Supply Chain Processes??????? ???Management Systems & Tools????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (1). ?????????????????????????? (2). ?????????????????????????????????? ???? (3). ?????????????????????????? (4). ????????????????????????? (5). ?????????????????? (6). ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????? 2.5?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????e-Business?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? Gartner ?? 2002? 7???? Standard of ROI on IT-enabled organization??AMR Research ???????????? 25???? ???? Larry Lapide ??????????????????????? (1). ??????Balance Scorecard??? 1992?? Robert S. Kaplan ? David P. Norton ?????????Financial?????Customer?????Internal?? ??????Innovative & Learning??????????????????? (2). ??????????Supply Chain Operational Reference, SCOR?????? ?????Supply Chain Council, SCC????????????Cycle Time?? ?????/?????????????????????? PRTM (Theodore Pittiglio, Robert Rabin, Robert Todd, Jr., and Michael McGrath)???? PMG ?Performance Measurement Group LLC????????????????? ?Supply Chain Performance Scorecard?????????????????? ???????????????????Delivery Performance to Request?? ??????????Delivery Performance to Commit???????????? ?Order Fulfillment Lead Time???????????Upside Production Flexibility?????????????????????????Total Supply Chain Management Cost??????????Cash-to-cash Cycle Time???? ????????Total Inventory Days of Supply, DOS???????????? ?Net Asset Turns??????PMG?????????????????? ???????? PRTM???????? (3). ??????Activity-based Costing, ABC???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????? (4). ???????Economic Value-Added, EVA??????????????? ??????????Capital????????????????????? ??????? (5). ??????Logistics Scorecard??? Logistics Resources International Inc. ? ?????????????????????????????????? ???? AMR? 2002???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????? (1). ??????????????? (2). ????????????????? (3). ??????????????????? (4). ????????????????????? (5). ?????????????????? (6). ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????? AMR Research??????????????????? ????????? (1). ??????????????Not Focus Only on Function-based Measures? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????? (2). ???????????Include Process-based Measure to Enterprise-wide Performance? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????Order to Cash??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????Balanced????? ???? (3). ??????????????Include Cross-Enterprise Measures to Improve Extended Enterprise Performance? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????? (4). ???????????????Choose a Limited Number of Metrics? ????????????????????????????? ????? ?????????????? (5). ???????????Align Executive to Management-level Measure? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????? Keeping Score ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????Performance Target?? ???????????? (1). ?????????? ????????????????????????? 85???????? ?????????? 90??????????????????? (2). ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? (3). ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? PMG??????????????? ?Supply Chain Management Performance Measurement Benchmarking Survey?? ??????? 700??????????????????? PMG??? ???????Self-Assessment???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????? 2.6????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? PMG ? 2000???????????????????????Total Supply Chain Management Cost, TSCMC??????? ?????????????? TSCMC?????????????? ?Material Acquisition Cost?????????Order Fulfillment Cost?????? ???Inventory Carrying Cost???????????????Supply Chain Related Finance and Planning Cost?????????????Management Information System??????????????????? 1998?? TSCMC????? 9.3??1999??? 8.9????????? 1998?? TSCMC????? 4.0?? ? 1999??? 3.6???????????????????????? TSCMC? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? TSCMC???????????? ??????????????????????????Web-enabled????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? TSCMC???????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????Information Flow??????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???? (1). ?????????Visibility? (2). ??????? (3). ???????????Forecasts? (4). ???????????????Collaboration? (5). ???????????????Obsolescence Management? (6). ????????????????????????????? (7). ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? (1). ???????????????????????????????? (2). ??????????????????????? (3). ??????????????????????? (4). ??????????????????????????????????? (5). ?????????????????????OLAP?Online Analytical Processing??Query??????Data Mining????? 2.7?? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???? Ayers, Jim (1999) ?Supply Chain Strategic?, Information Strategy. Vol. 15, Iss. 2, pp. 3-11 Chang, Hsin Hsin (2000) "The Implementation and Integration of Information Systems Support in Manufacturing: An Empirical Research", International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Accepted for Publishing. Christopher Martin (1998), Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall Deans, P. C. and Kane, M. J. (1992), International Dimensions of Information Systems and Technology, PWS-KENT Publish Co. Dornier, P., Ernst, R., Fender, M., Kouvellis, P. (1998), Global Operations and Logistics, John Wiley and Son Hammer, M. and Champy, J. (1993), Re-engineering the Corporation, New York: Harper Business Handfield, Robert B., Nichols, Ernest L., Jr. (1999), Introduction to Supply Chain, Prentice Hall Jenson, R. L.; Johnson, I. R. (1999), ?The Enterprise Resource Planning System as a Strategic Solution?, Information Strategy, Summer, pp.28-33 Mclean, Scott (1999), ?Finding strategies advantage through SCM?; PPI; Vol. 41, Iss. 10; Oct 1, pp.28-31 Porter, Michael E. (1996), ?What is Strategy,? Harvard Business Review, November-December, Vol.74, Iss. 6, pp133-149 Parker, John G. (1999), ?Global Logistics surge?, Traffic World; Vol. 260, Iss. 3, Oct 18, pp. 16-17