国外合金钢的分类标准2

SPECIFICATION FOR ALLOY SEAMLESS PIPE AND SB-407 (Identical with Specification B except that certification has been made mandatory.) 1.1 This specification covers UNS UNS UNS UNS and UNS NO8811 in the form of cold-worked and hot-finished seamless pipe and tube. Alloy NO8800 is normally employed in service temperatures up to and including (593°C). Alloys UNS UNS and UNS NO881 are normally employed in service temperatures above 1100°F (593°C) where resistance to creep and rupture is required, and they are annealed to develop controlled grain size for optimum properties in this temperature range. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 13, of this specification. This does not to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of of this standard to establish safety and health practices and determine the applicability regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 . Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM E 8 Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance With Specifications E 112 Methods for Average Grain Size E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Ex- amination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys E 571 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Ex- amination of Nickel and Nickel Alloy Tubular Products E 1473 Test for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys 3 . 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 average diameter, n average of the maxi- mum and minimum outside diameters, or the maximum and minimum inside diameters, as determined at any one cross section of the tube. pipe, n seamless tube conforming to the particular dimensions commercially known as standard pipe sizes (see Table X1.1). 3.1.3 tube, hollow product of round or any other cross section having a continuous periphery. 4. Ordering 4.1 Orders for material this specification shall include information with respect to the following: 4 8 5 SB-407 1998 SECTION TABLE 1 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS Element Product (Check) Analysis Variations, Under Min. or Composition Limits, % Over Max., of the Specified Limit UNS UNS N08800, UNS N08810, and UNS N08810, and UNS NO8120 UNS NO8811 UNS NO8801 UNS NO8120 UNS NO8811 UNS NO8801 Nickel Chromium Iron Manganese, max Carbon Copper, max Silicon, max Sulfur, max Columbium Molybdenum Phosphorus Tungsten Cobalt, max Nitrogen Boron 35.0 39.0 max 23.0 27.0 max remainder 1.5 0.02 0.10 max 0.5 1.0 0.03 0.40 max . . 0.20 max . . . 0.4 min 0.9 max 2.50 max 0.040 max 2.50 max 3.0 0.15 min 0.30 max 0.010 30.0 min 35.0 max 19.0 min 23.0 max 39.5 1.5 . . . 0.75 1.0 0.015 0.15 min 0.60 max 0.15 min 0.60 max . . . . . . . 30.0 min 34.0 max 19.0 min 22.0 max 39.5 1.5 0.10 max . . . 0.5 1.0 0.015 . . . . . . 0.75 min 1.50 max . . . . . . 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.04 0.005 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.005 0.05 . . . 0.03 . . 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.002 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.45 0.04 0.01 . . . 0.04 0.05 0.003 0.05 0.10 0.03 0.04 . . . 0.25 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.45 0.04 0.01 . . . 0.03 0.05 0.003 . . . 0.04 0.05 . . . . . . Iron shall be determined arithmetically by difference. UNS N08800: 0.10 max. Alloy UNS N08810: Alloy UNS 0.06-0.10. UNS N08811: Al + Ti, 4.1.1 Allay (Table 1). 4.1.5 Fabrication Details Not mandatory but 4.1.2 (Temper) (Tables 2 and Xl. 1, and Appendices X2 and X3). helpful to the manufacturer: 4.1.5.1 Cold Bending or Coiling. 4.1.3 Finish (Tables Xl.2 and X3.1). 4.1.5.2 Hot Forming. 4.1.4 Dimensions: 4.1.5.3 Welding or Brazing Process to be 4.1.4.1 May be specified in two employed. sions only (length excepted) as follows: Outside ter and average or minimum wall, inside diameter and average wall, or outside diameter and inside diameter. Pressure Requirements Test pressure if other than required by 7.3. 4.1.5.5 Machining Indicate finished size and NOTE 1 Tube produced to outside diameter and wall may be furnished upon agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. length in which to be machined and whether to be chucked to outside diameter or inside diameter. 4.1.4.2 Pipe Standard pipe size and schedule (Table X1.1). 4.1.5.6 Ends Plain ends cut and deburred will be furnished. If tbreaded ends or ends beveled for welding are desired, give details (Section 16). 486 PART B NONFERROUS TABLE 2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES4 OF PIPE AND TUBE Condition (Temper) Yield Strength, Elongation in 2 in. Tensile Strength, (0.2% offset), or mm (or min, psi min, psi min, % UNS NO8120 hot-f inished annealed, or cold-worked annealed 90 000 40 000 (276) 30 UNS NO8800 cold-worked annealed 75 000 (520) 30 000 30 UNS NO8800 hot-f inished annealed, or hot- f inished 65 000 (450) 25 000 30 UNS NO8810 a n d UNS NO8811 hot-f inished annealed, or cold-worked annealed 65 000 25 000 30 UNS NO8801 hot-f inished annealed, or cold-worked annealed 65 000 25 000 30 For properties of small-diameter and light-wall tubing, see Table X1.1. 12.3. 4.1.6 Samples for Product (Check) Analysis State whether samples for product (check) analysis should be furnished (6.2). 4.1.7 Purchaser Inspection If the purchaser wishes witness tests or inspection of material at 7.1 Mechanical Properties material shall conform to the mechanical properties specified in Ta- ble 2. place of manufacture, the purchase order must so state 7.2 Grain Size Annealed UNS Alloys NO81 20, indicating which tests or inspections are to be witnessed and NO881 1 shall conform to an average grain (Section 14). size of ASTM No. 5 or coarser. 4.1.8 Small-Diameter and Light-Wall Tube (Converter Sizes) (Table X3. I). 4.1.9 Optional Requirement Hydrostatic or Non- destructive Eddy Testing (see 7.3.3). 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Heat Treatment The final heat treatment of UNS NO8120 shall be 177°C) minimum, UNS 2050°F (1121°C) minimum, and UNS NO881 1, 2100°F (1149°C) minimum. 6 . Chemical Composition 6.1 The material shall conform to the composition limits specified in Table 6.2 If a product (check) analysis is performed by the purchaser, the material shall conform to the product (check) analysis variations in Table 1. 7 . Mechanical Properties and Other Requirements 7.3 Hydrostatic Test: 7.3.1 Each pipe. or tube with an outside diameter in. (3.2 mm) and larger, and tubes with wall thickness of 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) and over shall be tested by the manufacturer an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1000 psi (6.9 provided that the fiber stress calculated in accordance with the following equation does not exceed the allowable fiber stress, indicated below. The pipe or tube shall show no evidence of leakage. P = where: P = hydrostatic test pressure, psi S = allowable fiber stresses, for material in the con- dition, as follows: Cold-drawn annealed or hot-finished an- alloy NO8120 Cold-drawn annealed alloy UNS NO8800 22,500 psi (155 18,700 psi (130 Hot-finished as hot-finished, or hot-finished annealed alloy UNS NO8800 Cold-drawn or hot-finished a l l o y s U N S U N S NO881 and UNS NO8801 16,600 psi (I 15 16,600 psi (115 487 1998 SECTION II D = minimum wall thickness, in. (mm), equal to the specified average wall minus the permissible minus wall tolerance, Table 3, or the specified minimum wall thickness, and outside diameter of the tube, in. (mm) 7.3.2 so agreed upon between manufac- turer and purchaser, pipe or tube may be tested to times the allowable fiber given in 7.3.1. 73.3 Each pipe or tube shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test, or, in lieu of this test, a nondestructive eddy current test may be used at manufacturer’s option. If eddy current testing is used, the following test method would apply: 7.3.3.1 Eddy-Current Testing Testing shall be conducted in accordance with Practice E 426 or E 571. The eddy-current examination referenced in specification has the capability of significant discontinuities, especially of the short abrupt type. Unless otherwise the calibration stan- dard shall contain, at the option of the manufacturer, any one of the following discontinuities to establish a minimum sensitivity level for rejection. The discontinu- ity shall be placed in the weld if visible. (2) Drilled Hole A hole not larger than 0.031 in. (0.79 mm) in diameter shall be drilled radially and completely through the wall, care being taken to avoid distortion of the material while drilling. (3) Transverse Tangential Notch Using a round file or tool with a in. (6 mm) diameter, a notch shall be filed or milled on the tube outside diameter tangential to the surface and transverse to the longitudi- nal axis of the material. Said notch shall have a depth not exceeding of the specified wall thickness of the material, or 0.004 in. (0.10 mm), whichever is greater. 7.3.33 Calibration Frequency The frequency of calibration checks shall be as follows: At the beginning of each production run or lot. (2) After every 4 h or less during testing. (3) At the end of each production run or lot. (4) At any time malfunctioning is suspected, or the equipment has been left unattended. (5) If, during any check, the equipment fails to pick up the standard defects in the calibration standard, the instrument test must be recalibrated and all material tested since the last check shall be reexamined. 7.3.3.3 Acceptance and Rejection Material producing a signal equal to or greater the calibration imperfection shall be subject to rejection. (I) Test signals produced by imperfections that can- not be identified or produced by cracks or crack-like imperfections shall result in rejection of the tube, subject to rework, and retest. (2) If the imperfection is judged as not fit for use, the tube shall be rejected, but may be reconditioned and retested providing the dimensions requirements are met. To be accepted, retested material shall meet the original electric test requirements. (3) If imperfection is explored to the extent that it can be identified and the pipe or tube is determined to be fit for use, the material may be accepted without further test providing the imperfection does not encroach on the minimum wall thickness. 7.4 Annealing Temperature Alloy UNS NO8120 shall be annealed at 2150°F (1177°C) minimum, and alloy UNS NO8810 at 2050°F (1120°C) minimum. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 8.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness: 8.1.1 The permissible variations in the outside and inside diameter and wall thickness of pipe and tube shall not exceed prescribed in Tables 3 and X3.1, as applicable. 8.1.2 Permissible variations given in Tables 3 and X3.1 are applicable only to two dimensions. Thus, if outside diameter and wall are specified, the inside diameter may not conform to the permissible variations shown. Similarly, if outside diameter and inside diameter are specified, the wall may not conform to the permissi- ble variations shown. 8.2 Length When pipe or tube is ordered length, the length shall not be less than that specified, but a variation of + in. (3.2 mm) will be permitted for cold-worked material and + in. (4.8 mm) for hot-finished tube, except that for lengths over 30 ft (9.1 m), a variation of + in. (6.4 mm) will be permitted. For small-diameter and light-wall tube, mate- rial shall conform to the applicable requirements of Table X3.1. 8.3 Straightness Cold-drawn material shall be reasonably straight and free of bends and kii. For small-diameter and light-wall tube, material shall con- form to the applicable requirements of Table X3.1, The camber (depth of chord) of hot-finished tube 5 in. (127 mm) in outside diameter and under shall not exceed 0.01 For sizes over in. in FART B MATERIAL SB-407 TABLE 3 PERMISSIBLE IN OUTSIDE AND INSIDE DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS (AVERAGE WALL) Permissible Variations Specified Outside Diameter or Calculated Nominal Outside Diameter Ordered to Inside Diameter and Average Wall) Outside Diameter or Inside Diameter + Wall Thickness, Pipe and Tube Inches 0.500 to 0.005 0.005 15.0 15.0 to 0.0075 0.0075 10.0 10.0 Over to 0.010 0.010 10.0 10.0 Over to 0.015 0.015 10.0 10.0 Over to 6, 0.020 0.020 12.5 12.5 Over 6 to 0.025 0.025 12.5 12.5 Millimetres 12.7 to 15.8, 0.127 0.127 15.0 15.0 15.8 to 38.1, 0.190 0.190 10.0 10.0 Over 38.1 to 88.9, 0.254 0.254 10.0 10.0 Over 88.9 to 114.3, 0.381 0.381 10.0 10.0 Over 114.3 to 152.4, 0.508 0.508 12.5 12.5 Over 152.4 to 168.3, 0.635 0.635 12.5 12.5 Hot-Finished Inches t o 0.031 0.031 12.5 12.5 t o 0.047 0.047 12.5 12.5 Millimetres 63.5 to 139.7, 0.787 0.787 12.5 12.5 139.7 to 234.9, 1.19 1.19 12.5 12.5 The permissible variations in this table apply to individual measurements, including out-of-roundness except for the following conditions. Thin-Wall Pipe and thin-wall pipe and tube having a nominal wall thickness of 3% or less of the nominal outside diameter, in all conditions (temper), the mean outside diameter or mean inside diameter shall conform to the permissible variations of this table, and individual measurements (including shall conform to the plus and minus values of this table, with the values increased by 0.5% of the nominal outside diameter. Annealed Pipe and Tube in. (114.3 mm) in Nominal Outside Diameter- For annealed pipe and tubing over in. (114.3 mm) in nominal outside diameter with a nominal wall thickness greater than 3% of the nominal outside diameter, the mean outside diameter or mean inside diameter shall conform to the permissible variations of this table, and individual measurements shall not exceed twice the permissible variations of this table. For pipe and tube, in all tempers, with an inside diameter of less than in. (12.70 mm) which cannot be drawn over a mandrel, the inside diameter shall be governed by the outside diameter and the wall thickness variations. For pipe and tube in all tempers with an inside diameter less than 50% of the outside diameter, which cannot be successfully drawn over a mandrel, the inside diameter may vary over or under by an amount equal to 10% of the nominal wall thickness and the wall thickness may vary Eccentricity--The variation in wall thickness in any one cross section of any one cold-finished pipe or tube shall not exceed of the actual (measured) average wall of that section (defined as the average of the thickest and the thinnest wall in that section). For tube 5 in. (127.0 mm) and under in outside diameter the tolerance on the outside diameter applies for individual measurements and includes ovality. For tubes over 5 in. (127.0 mm) in outside diameter the mean outside diameter shall conform to the permissible variations of this table and individual measure- ments shall not exceed twice the permissible variations of this table. The diameter tolerances for tube with machined outside and inside diameters shall be in. (0.787 mm), -0 for the outside diameter and +0, -0.062 in. (1.57 for the inside diameter. If tube specified as minimum wall, the tolerance shall be -0. The wall thickness tolerance includes eccentricity tolerance up to 489 1998 SECTION II outside diameter, the camber shall not exceed 0.015 (1.4 mm/m). 9. Workmanship, and Appearance 9.1 The material shall be uniform in quality and temper, smooth, commercially straight, and free of injurious imperfections. 10. Sampling 10.1 10.1.1 A lot for chemical analysis shall consist of one heat. 10.1.2 A lot for mechanical properties and grain size testing shall consist of all material from the same heat, nominal size (excepting length), and condition (temper). 10.1.2.1 Where material cannot be identified by heat, a lot shall consist of not more than 500 lb (227 kg) of material in the same condition (temper) and nominal size (excepting length). 10.2 Test Material Selection: 10.2.1 Chemical Analysis Representative sam- ples shall be taken during pouring or subsequent pro- cessing. 10.2.1.1 Product (check) analysis shall be wholly the responsibility of the purchaser. 10.2.2 Mechanical Properties and Grain Size Samples of the material to provide test specimens for mechanical properties and gram size shall be taken from such locations in each lot as to be representative of that lot. 11. Number of 11.1 Chemical Analysis One test per lot. 11.2 Mechanical Properties One test per lot. 11.3 Grain Size One test per lot. 11.4 Hydrostatic or Eddy Current piece per lot. 4 9 0 12. Specimen Preparation 12.1 Tension test specimens shall be taken from material in the final condition (temper) and tested in the direction of fabrication. 12.2 Whenever possible, all pipe and tube shall be tested in full tubular size. When testing in full tubular size is not possible, longitudinal strip specimens, or the largest possible round specimen, shall be used. In the event of disagreement when full tubular testing is not possible, a longitudinal strip specimen with reduced gage length as contained in Methods E 8 shall be used. 13. Test Methods 13.1 The chemical composition, mechanical, and other properties of the material as enumerated in this specification shall be determined, in case of disagree- ment, in accordance with the following methods: Test Method ASTM Designation Chemical Analysis E 1473 Tension Rounding Procedure 29 Rockwell Hardness 18 Grain Size 112 Hardness Conversion 140 13.2 The measurement of average grain size may be carried out by the planimehic method, the comparison method, or the intercept method described in Method E 112. In case of dispute the “referee” method for determining average grain size shall be the planimetric method. 13.3 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated below, in accordance with the rounding method of Recommended Practice E 29. Test Chemical composition hard- ness, and tolerances (when expressed in decimals) Tensile strength, yield strength Elongation Grain size: 0.0024 in. (0.060 mm) or larger less than 0 . 0 0 2 4 i n . (0.060 mm) Rounded Unit for Observed or Calculated Value nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures of the speci- fied limit nearest 1000 psi (6.9 1% nearest multiple of 0.0002 in. (0.005 mm) nearest multiple of 0.0001 in. (0.002 mm) PART B NONFERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SB-407 14. Inspection 14.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser as part of the purchase contract. 15. and Rehearing 15.1 Material not conforming to this specification or to authorized modifications will be subject to rejection. 15.2 Samples tested in accordance with this specifica- tion that represent rejected material shall be preserved for not less than 3 weeks from the date of the test report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer may claim for a rehearing within that time. 16. Certification 16.1 A manufacturer’s certification that material has been manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the test results shall be furnished. 17. Product and Package Marking 17.1 Marking The name or brand of the manufacturer, the trade name of the material or UNS number, the letters ASTM, the specification number, heat number, and nominal size shall be legibly marked on each piece in. (19.1 mm) and over in outside diameter, provided the length is not under 3 ft (914 mm). The material marking shall be by any method that wi