北京化工大学博士入学考题样题

2001年博士入学考 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 北京化工大学博士研究生 英语入学考试试题（样题） 注意事项 1. 答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题册上的均不给分。 2. 多项选择题的答案只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，用铅笔在相应的字母的中部划一条横线。修改时必须先用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。正确方法是：A B C D 。 3. 辨错改错、汉译英和作文用钢笔或圆珠笔写在试卷二的答题纸上。 4. 请在150分钟内答完全部试题，不得拖延时间。 试卷一 Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. 1. A. She knows where Martha has gone. B. Martha will go to the concert by herself. C. It is quite possible for the man to find Martha. D. The man is going to meet Martha at the concert. 2. A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industry. B. The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then. C. The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution. D. He might move to another city very soon. 3. A. The man should work harder to improve his grades. B. The man will benefit from the effort he's put in. C. It serves the man right to get a poor grade. D. It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a C. 4. A. She can make a reservation at the restaurant. B. The man should decide where to eat. C. She already has plans for Saturday night. D. The man should ask his brother for suggestions. 5. A. The man deserved the award. B. The woman helped the man succeed. C. The man is thankful to the woman for her assistance. D. The woman worked hard and was given an award. 6. A. Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community. B. The man's voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule. C. Voluntary work with the environment council requires a time commitment. D. A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council. 7. A. The patient must receive treatment regularly. B. The patient can't leave the hospital until the bleeding stops. C. The patient's husband can attend to the business in her place. D. The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business. 8. A. Alice does not know much about electronics. B. Alice is unlikely to find a job anywhere. C. Alice is not interested in anything but electronics. D. Alice is likely to find a job in an electronics company. 9. A. Jimmy is going to set out tonight. B. Jimmy has not decided on his journey. C. There is no need to have a farewell dinner. D. They may have a dinner when Jimmy's back. 10. A. The woman had been planning for the conference. B. The woman called the man but the line was busy. C. The woman didn't come back until midnight. D. The woman had guests all evening. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D.. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A. They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving. B. They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent. C. They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars. D. They are pleased because it saves them much time. 12. A. They don't have their own cars to drive to work. B. Many of them are romantic by temperament. C. Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat. D. They tend to be more friendly to each other. 13. A. Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board. B. Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed. C. Some suggest improving the design of the deck. D. Some object to using larger luxury boats. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A. Coca Cola. B. Sausage. C. Milk. D. Fried chicken. 15. A. He has had thirteen decayed teeth. B. He doesn't have a single decayed tooth. C. He has fewer decayed teeth than other people of his age. D. He never had a single tooth pulled out before he was fifty. 16. A. Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening. B. Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible. C. Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals. D. Clean your teeth shortly after eating. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A. A visit to a prison. B. The influence of his father. C. A talk with some miserable slaves. D. His experience in the war between France and Austria. 18. A. He sent surgeons to serve in the army. B. He provided soldiers with medical supplies. C. He recruited volunteers to care for the wounded. D. He helped to flee the prisoners of war. 19. A. All men are created equal. B. The wounded and dying should be treated for free. C. A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment. D.A suffering person is entitled to help regardless of race, religion or political beliefs. 20. A. To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war. B. To show Switzerland was neutral. C. To pay tribute to Switzerland. D. To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support. Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) Directions: In this section, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence or replaces the underlined part. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 21. After the gunshot at Columbine in Colorado, the ________ suggested that many schools in the United States were full of drugs and weapons. A. press B. medium C. channel D. media 22. Thanks to modern technology, these results could prove ________ in establishing the criminal’s identity. A. decisive B. exact C. destructive D. definite 23. We were most flattered to find that we had a wonderfully _________ audience for last night’s performance. A. responsive B. responsible C. reflected D. reactive 24. The recent fraud scandal involved and discredited a number of the country’s most _______ politicians. A. imminent B. superior C. prominent D. inferior 25. Some journalist had written a(n) ________ about him in which some of the facts were untrue. A. outlook B. profile C. appearance D. performance 26. According to the recent census, under-18s ________ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families. A. compose B. institute C. propose D. constitute 27. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do these things?” A. presiding B. poring C. pondering D. presuming 28. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery. A. terminated B. elapsed C. overlapped D. expired 29. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely. A. relieve B. reconcile C. reclaim D. rectify 30. How much of your country’s electrical supply is _______ from water power? A. deduced B. detached C. derived D. declined 31. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to _______ in starting her own business. A. dwell on B. come upon C. base on D. draw upon 32. His attempts to _______ the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other. A. alienate B. abuse C. alleviate D. abandon 33. As the old empires were broken up and new states were formed, new official tongues began to _____ at an increasing rate. 　A. bring up B. build up C. spring up　 D. strike up 34. Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, _____ they have no schedules to keep. A. even though B. for C. as if D. since 35. Grand Teton Aational Park embraces the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range. A. constitutes B. consists C. preserves D. includes 36. Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently recurrent. A. recovering B. recycling C. rebounding D. revitalizing 37. The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to identify the individual species. A. assure B. classify C. confirm D. recognize 38. When an aircraft travels at subsonic speeds the sounds that it generates extend in all directions. A. gives out B. gives away C. gives off D. gives about 39. Lovebirds are noted for their pretty colors and affectionate response to each other. A. fond B. benevolent C. intimate D. attached 40. Our new boss is a real joy to work for. She is so appreciative of anything you do for her. A. indebted to B. appealing to C. grateful for D. obliged to Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points) Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You must decide one the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.” “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized — going to school and learning to read — so he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.” 41. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school? A. The habit of thinking independently. B. Profound knowledge of the world. C. Practical abilities for future career. D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits. 42. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________. A. undervaluing intellect B. favoring intellectualism C. supporting school reform D. suppressing native intelligence 43. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are _________. A. identical B. similar C. complementary D. opposite 44. Emerson, according to the text, is probably A. a pioneer of education reform. B. an opponent of intellectualism. C. a scholar in favor of intellect. D. an advocate of regular schooling. 45. What does the author think of intellect? A. It is second to intelligence. B. It evolves from common sense. C. It is to be pursued. D. It underlies power. Passage Two Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects. 　Located on the shore of Sullivan's Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina's shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn't strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo's wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan's Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour. 　At first sight, the house on Sullivan's Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble "a large party lantern" at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house's wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength. To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings -- long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. "These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings," said Huff. Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house's ground-to-roof shell. "The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn't look like it's standing with its pant legs pulled up," said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained. 46. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina's shore line are required________. A. to be easily reinforced B. to look smarter in design C. to meet stricter building standards D. to be designed in the shape of cubes 47. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because________. A. it is strengthened by steel rods B. it is made of redwood C. it is in the shape of a shell D. it is built with timber and concrete 48. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________. A. withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr B. anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand 　 C. break huge sea waves into smaller ones 　D. prevent water from rushing into the house 49. The main function of the shell is __________. A. to strengthen the pilings of the house B. to give the house a better appearance C. to protect the wooden frame of the house D. to slow down the speed of the swelling water 50. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be_________. A. fancy-looking B. waterproof C. easily breakable D. extremely strong Passage Three Early in the age of affluence that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.” Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States -- show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent. Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption — poverty— is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction? 51. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________. A. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers B. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism C. led to the reform of the retailing system D. resulted in the worship of consumerism 52. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is _______. A. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals B. the people’s desire for a rise in their living standards C. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption D. the concept that one’s success is measured by how much they consume 53. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing? A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society. B. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction. C. Because overconsumption won’t last long due to unrestricted population growth. D. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization. 54. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________. A. cannot thrive on a fragile economy B. will not aggravate environmental problems C. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs D. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries 55. It can be inferred from the