新编汽车专业英语课后答案及题目

UNIT1一．theinternalcombustionengine内燃机areciprocatingengine往复发动机exhaustemissions废气排放fuelconsumption燃料燃烧fueleconomy燃油经济性combustionchamber燃烧室hybrid-electricvehicle混动汽车massproduction大规模生产dual-fuelvehicle双燃料汽车air-cooledengine风冷式发动机二．AdieselenginecompressesitscylinderaironitscompresstionstrokebeforeanyfuelentersthecylinderTheinternalcombustionengineistheonemostcommonlyusedintheautomotivefield.Accordingtothefuelenergyused,theinternalcombustionenginesarealsodividedintogasolineengines,anddieselengine.Thepistonconvertsthepotentialenergyofthefuelintothekineticenergy.Thepowerproductioncycleconsistsoffourstrokesofthepositioninareciprocatingengine.Theengineisgenerallyconsideredthe“heart”ofanautomobileThisfourstrokescycleofpistonwithinthecylinderisrepeatedtimeandagaintopushthevehicleforeard.Thereareactuallyvarioustypesofenginessuchanelectricengines,steamengines,andinternalcombustionengines.三．1.compressionratio:thetotalvolumedividedbvthecompressionvolume2.internalcombustionengine:burningtheirfuelinsidetheircylinders3.engine:aheartofanautomobile4.stroke:themovementofthepistonwithinthecylinderandthedistanceofpistontravel5.reciprocating:theupanddownactionofapistoninthecylinder6.gasoline:amixtureofflammableliquidhydrocarbonsderivedchieflyfromcrudepetroleum.Ifyouknowsomethingaboutordinarygasolineengines,youwillhavenoticethatdieselengines,inmanyrespects,workinthesamewayasgasolineengines.（柴油机的工作方式在很多方面和汽油机是一样的）Theengineisthesourceofpowerthatmakesthecarandthetruckmove.(使得汽车行驶)Asitwouldnotbereasonabletohavetostoptheengineeverytimeitwasrequiredtostopthecar.(每次都到停车)Someofpartsmakethecarmovecomfortableorbetterlooking,butmostofthemaretomakeitrun.(有些部件使得汽车更舒适或更美观)Notallofthisheatcanbeused,andifallowedtoremainintheengine,itwouldsoondestroyit.(如果让其热量保留在发动机中)UNIT2一、1.gasolineengine汽油机2.inlow-speeddrivingcondition在低速行车条件下3.achieveavarietyofdifferentobjectives达到各种不同的目的4.higherenergydensity高能量密度5.electricmotor电动机6.airconditioning空调装置7.regenerativebraking反馈制动8.powersource动力源9.resourceconsumption资源消耗10.dashboarddisplay汽车仪 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 板显示二、Theengineconvertstheexpandingforceofcombustionintorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.Thegasolineengineandelectricmotorshutoffautomaticallysothatenergyisnotwastedinidling.Cleancitiesuseshybridelectricvehiclesasawayforcoalitionstoreducepetroleumconsumption.Anyvehiclewithoutatransmissioncouldbemadetomovebutnotsmoothly.Theelectricmotorappliesresistancetothedrive-traincausingthewheelstoslowdown.Theengineturnsahigh-speedgenerator,producingelectricity.Anintelligentpower-controlsystemdeterminesthemostefficientoperationoftheengineandenergystoragesystem.If10000hybrid-electricvehicleswereontheroadratherthancurrentstandardvehicles,substantialreductionsinemissionsandfuelusewouldoccurannually.三、1.transmission:anautomotiveassemblyofgearsbywhichpoweristransmittedfromtheenginetoadrivingaxle.2.parking:toputorleave(avehicle)foratimeinacertainlocation.3.start:tosetintomotion,operation,oractivity.4.battery:asinglecell,suchasadrycell,thatprouducesanelectriccurrent.5.braking:toreducethespeedofwithorasifwithabrake.四、Wewanthybrid-electricvehiclethatreflectthespiritofthetimeandvehicleconceptsthatexpresstheirindividuality.(要能反映出时代精神)Therearevarioustypesofenginessuchaselectricmotors,steamenginesandinternalcombustionengines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)Thetransmissionisaspeedandpowerchangingdevice.(一个使速比变化的装置)Scientistshavestillbeenmakingeffortstoconcentratethefuturedevelopmentofenginesonthethreetargets:reducingfuelconsumption,loweringexhaustedemissions,andreducingenginenoise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)Hybridsystemareincreasinglybecomingmoreprevalentinlight-dutyvehicles,butalsointransitbusesandotherheavy-dutyvehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)Wewanthybrid-electricvehiclethatreflectthespiritofthetimeandvehicleconceptsthatexpresstheirindividuality.(要能反映出时代精神)Therearevarioustypesofenginessuchaselectricmotors,steamenginesandinternalcombustionengines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)Thetransmissionisaspeedandpowerchangingdevice.(一个使速比变化的装置)Scientistshavestillbeenmakingeffortstoconcentratethefuturedevelopmentofenginesonthethreetargets:reducingfuelconsumption,loweringexhaustedemissions,andreducingenginenoise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)Hybridsystemareincreasinglybecomingmoreprevalentinlight-dutyvehicles,butalsointransitbusesandotherheavy-dutyvehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)U5E11. The power train has two maan functions :it conveys powerfrom the engine to the wheels , and it changes the amount of torque2. The power train consists of an engine , a transmission ,a clutch , a drive shaft and differential3. The feature of a manual transmission is to deliver enginepower to the front wheels and rear wheels 4. manual transmissions usually have five speeds , which means that the output shaft can rotate faster than the input5. There are several basic components in the clutch , suchas the flywheel , clutch disk , pressure plate , release bearing and linkage.6 Automatic transmissions are used not only in many rear-wheel-dnve and four-wheel-dnve ve- lcles, but In most front-wheel-dnve onesT2.T3.F4.F5.T6.FE21.manualtransmission手动变速器2.automatictransmission自动变速器3.planetarygearset行星齿轮组4.Transaxleassembly驱动桥总成5.differentialgear差速器6.clutchpedal离合器踏板7.gearshiftlever变速杆8.releasebearing分离轴承9.enginebraking发动机制动10.torqueconverter液力变矩器E3Ifyou’vereadaboutmanualtransmissionsyouknowhatanengineisconnectedtoatransmissionbywayofaclutch.Carswithanautomatictransmissionhavenoclutchthatdisconnectsthetransmissionfromtheengine.Instead,theyuseanamazingdevicecalledatorqueconverter.Oneimportantfunctionofthepowertrainistotransmitthepoweroftheenginetothewheels.Thetypeoftransmission(manualorautomatic)determineshowtheslipjointisconnectedtothedriveshaft.TheclutchislocatedbetweenthebackoftheengineandthefrontofthetransmissionThefaceoftheflywheelthattouchestheclutchdiscismadeofironEveniftheflywheelwerealuminum,thefaceisiron.Whentheoperatorpressestheclutchpedal,theclutchreleaseleverorfork.Theclutchreleasebearinginmostcases,isaballbearingassemblywithamachinedfaceononeside.E41.clutch:anyofvariousdevicesforengaginganddisengagingtwoworkingengaginganddisengagingtwoworkingpartsofashaft2.shaft:along,generallycylindricalbar,especiallyonethatrotatesandtransmitspower3.transmission:aspeedandpowerchangingdevice4.gearshift:amechanismforchangingfromonegeartoanotherina5.transaxle:anautomotivepartthatcombinesthetransmissionandthedifferentialandisusedonvehicleswithfront-wheeldrive6.flywheel:aheavy-rimmedrotatingwheelusedtominimizevariationsinangularvelocityE5Thepoweristhencarriedfromtheenginethroughthepowertraintothecar(通过传动系扒发动机传递到车轮)sothatthewheelsturnandthecarmoves.(如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换)Ifyourcartransmissionneedsrepairsorreplacement，you’vecometotherightphone.Ifyouwantedatopspeedof80km/h，thenthegearratiowouldbesimilartothirdgear(速比相近于3挡),inmostmanualtransmissioncars.Thetorqueconverterdoesnotrequireanyregularmaintenanceoradjustments(不 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 定期维护或调整)，butitmaybepossibletochangethetransmissionfluid.Thedriveshaftcanbe.eitheropenorenclosed,dependingonthetypeofdriveused(取决于所使用的驱动类型)U6E11Ifyourbrakescanworkproperly,goodbrakesareessentialforsafetyduringdn、ruvtg.2.Thediskbrakeisthebestbrakewhichisgenerallyduetoitssimplerdesign,lighteri.eljuIndbetterbrakingperformance.3Brakeliningsusedtobemademaxnlyofmetals.,becauseofatsheatabsorbingpropertlcb4Caliperisanimportantpart,anditmustbereplacedifitindicatesasignofleak！nglbfa_eEutd..lc5Thereasonwhywestillhavecarswlthdrumbrakeslscheap.6.Drumbrakesconsistofsomeparts,suchasabackingplate,brakeshoes,brakedm..1,wheelcylnder,returnspringsandanautomaticorself-adjustingsystem..brakeshoesabrakeT2.T3.F4.T5.T6.FE21. brake system 制动系统2.theparkingbrake驻车制动器3. the service brake system  行车制动系统4.thediskbrake盘式制动器5. the hand brake手制动6.thebrakeshoe制动蹄片7. drum brake鼓式制动器8.brakepads制动块9 brakeperformance制动性能10.brakefluid    制动液E3Themostvitalfactorintherunningandcontrolofthemodemvehiclesisthebreakingsystem.Brakefluidisaspecialliquidforuseinahydraulicbrakesystem.Thesmallforcesappliedtothebrakepedalusuallyproducerelativelylargeforces.Therateofslowingdownorretardationisgovernedbythespeedofconversionofenergy.BrakeisafrictiondeviceforconvertingthepowerintoheatbymeansoffrictionTodecelerateandstopthemovingautomobile,theservicebrakeareusuallyused.ThebrakeliningofafrictionmaternalaresecuredtotheshoesbybrassThebrakedrumismountedonthewheelhub.E41brake:themeansofbringingtorestamovingvehicleinashortestpossibledistance.2servicebrake:stoporslowacarbydepressingandreleasingthebrakepedal.3handbrake:keepthecarfromrollingonunleveledground.4drumbrake:abackingplate,brakeshoes,wheelcylinder,returnspringsetc.5parkingbrake:holdtheautomobileatrest.E5Anautomobilebrakesystemisactuallyafrictiondevicetochangepowerintoheat（实际上就是一种把动力转变成热量的摩擦装置).Basically,automobilebrakesareoftwotypes:themechanicalbrakesandthehydraulicbrakes(机械制动器和液压制动)Themostvitalfactorintherunningandcontrolofthemodemvehiclesistheautomobilebrakesystem(汽车制动系统).Therearetwobrakeshoesateachwheel.Thebottomsoftheshoesareheldapartbyanadjuster.Thetopsofshoesareheldapartbyawheelcylinder（蹄片顶部由轮缸分别固定）Brakelinesaresteeltubingwithcopperandleadcoatingtopreventrustandcorrosion(以防锈蚀)U7EXERCISE11.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.F1.Themostimportantfunctionofthesuspensionsystemlstosupplycomfortable,safendecot-trol2.Accordingtothearticle,weknowthattherearefivebasictypesofspnngsusedlnsus,eT"-sions：coilspring,leafspring,torsionbarspring,traction,barandairspnngn3.Thedisadvantageofacoilspringlsitscompactness,lackofmovingparts,andexcellentweightsupportingcharacteristics.4.Accordingtoepassage,leafspringsareoftenusedonthefrontsuspensionoffrontdrivevehtcles5.Whenthecoilsprings,leafsprings,torsionbarspring,Lairspringslsdefected,thlscoulddcausethecartobounceupanddownwithoutanycontrol6.Shockabsorbermovementlslimitedbyforcingfluid,dwhichcausestheshockabsorbertocausestheshockabsorbercompressorextendataslowrate.EXERCISE2suspensionsystem悬架系统frontsuspensionsystem前悬架系aircompressor空气压缩机torquetube传递转矩管axlehousingalignment桥壳定位coilspring螺旋弹簧lowercontrolarm下控制臂reboundclip缓冲夹tractionbar牵引杆controlarm控制臂EXERCISE3Theleafspringsorleaves.mostcommonlyusedtnautomobilesis'madeupofseverallongplates,Suspensionreferstotheuseofthefrontandrearspringstosuspendavehicle'srearspringstosuspendavehiclesprungweightShockabsorberarehydraulicrestrictingdevicesusedtohmtthespeedofspringaction.ThecarframeisconnectedtotheaxlesbyspringswhichabsorbroadshockThecoilspringsismadefromalengthofsteelrodwoundIntoacoil.Thefront-suspensionsystemmustallowthewheelstomoveupanddown.Inoperations,thelowercontrolarmspivotupanddown,twistingthetorsionbarsspring.Reboundclipsareplacealongthespnngtopreventseparahonoftheleaveswhenthespringrebounds.EXERCISE41.coilspring:aroundbarofspringsteelwoundintotheshapeofacoil2.leafspring:severallayersofspringsteelstackedoneupontheother3.torsionbar:springalongsolidsteelshaftheldatoneendtothesuspensionscontrolarm4.airspring:arubberbagorbladderfullofair5.shockabsorber:ahydraulicdevicebyforcingfluidthroughpassagesororifices6suspension:useofthefrontandrearspringtosuspendavehicleEXERCISE5WeallKnowthatspringsarethemajorcomponent（弹簧是主要部件).nautomobilesuspension.Theautomobilesuspensionisoneofthemajorautomobilesystem(汽车的主要系统之一。).Couldyoupleasetellmesomething？.Oneoftheadvantagesisthattheuseofsuspensionsystemhasincreasedstrengthanddurabilityofcomponents(悬架的运用提高了零部件的强度和寿命).Tothelowerbodyplate,suspensionsystemisattachedwhichtransmitstheweightofthebodyandothercomponentstotheaxlesandwheels（从而将车身和其他部件的重量传递到车桥和车轮上)·jShockabsorbersoperatebyhavingapistonforcefluidthroughasmallopening(活塞使液体强制通过一个小限制孔)U8EXERCISE11.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.FThesteeringsystemisusuallyusedtocontrolthedirectionofavehicle'smouon.Whenthedriverturnsthesteeringwheel,thepiniongearturns,causingthelinkagetomo、rs.Wearecompletelysurethatittakesthreecompleterevolutionsofthesteeringwheellomakethewheelsturnfromfarlefttofarrightonmostcars.Recirculating-ballsteeringiswidelyusedonmanytrucksandSUVS,whichprovidesagoodmechanicaladvantageforaheavyvehicle.ThepurposeofsealslstopreventtheentryofdirtorthelossoflubncantWhenthesteeringwheelisturnedtotheleft,theballbearingscirculateitheopposseltryofdirtorthelossoflubncant.theoppositedtrection.EXERCISE2rack-and-pinionsteering齿轮齿条转向steeringshaft转向轴recirculating-ballsteering循环球转向steeringwheel转向盘innertierodend横拉杆内接头steeringarm转向臂outertierodend横拉杆外接头steeringgear转向机mechanicaladvantage机械效益steeringsystem转向系EXERCISE3Thesteeringsystemisoneofthosehavingthemostsignificantinfluenceuponvehicleperformanceandreliability.Thesteeringgearconvertstherotarymotionofthesteeringwheelintostraight-linemotion.Thesteeringwheelismountedontheupperendofthesteeringshaft,Themanualsteeringsystemconsistsofsteeringwheelandcolumn:amanualgearbox,andpitmanarm,etc.Theballsmustrollinthegroovesinsidetheballnut.AsthewormrotatestheballscausethenuttomoveupanddownalongthewormTherack-and-pinionsteeringgearisusedmostlyonsmallercar.Themovementiscarriedthroughtherodstothesteeringarmsatthefrontwheels.EXERCISE41.steering:awheelthatcontrolssteering,asinavehicle2.wormgear:thetoothedwheelofthisgearawormwheel3.rollerbearing:abearingtoreducefrictionbetweenmachineparts.4.steeringgear:Dispositionsofavehiclearetransferredtothepartthatinteractswiththeexternalmedium5.pinion:asmallcogwheelthatisengagedbya,rack6.linkage:asystemofinterconnectedmachineelements,suchasrods,springs,andpivotsEXERCISE5Steeringsystemmainlyincludessteeringwheel,steeringgears,linkages,andothercomponents（转向盘、转向机、杠杆机构和其他学部仵).Inthepitmanarmsystem,themovementinsidethesteeringboxcausesthepitmanshaftandarmtorotate(使转向摇臂轴及转向摇臂旋转)Thesteeringlinkageissodesignedastopreventside-slipofallautomobilewheelsincornering(防止汽车转弯时车轮侧)Forthepersonalsafetyofthedriverandpassengersofthecar,steeringgearplaysaimportantrole(转向机起起着重要的作用).Twotypesofsteeringsystemareusuallyusedoncars:manualsteeringsystemandpowersteeringsystem(手动转向系统和动力转向系统).