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陆游生平 英语FromWikipedia:Career[edit]EarlycareerLuYoucamefromafamilyinwhichthereweresomegovernmentofficials.AtthattimethesouthernSongdynastywasfrequentlyinvadedbytheJinDynasty(金国).Whenhewasone,Kaifeng(开封),thecapitalofNorthernSongdynastyhadbeencapturedbythetroopsofJinDyna...

陆游生平 英语
FromWikipedia:Career[edit]EarlycareerLuYoucamefromafamilyinwhichthereweresomegovernmentofficials.AtthattimethesouthernSongdynastywasfrequentlyinvadedbytheJinDynasty(金国).Whenhewasone,Kaifeng(开封),thecapitalofNorthernSongdynastyhadbeencapturedbythetroopsofJinDynasty.LuYou,whowasstillaninfant,fledwithhisfamilyandspenthisfirstnineyearsasarefugee.Becauseofthefamilyinfluenceandsocialturbulenceinchildhood,LuYouwascommittedtosavingthenationbyoustingtheJurchens(女真人).[edit]MarriageLuYou'sfamilygavehimagoodeducation,especiallytheeducationonpatriotism,buthisfamily--particularlyhismother--alsobroughtmisfortunetohismarriage.HegrewupwithhiscousinTangWan,whowasquietbutgoodatliterature.Theyfelldeeplyinloveandgotmarriedwhenhewas20.Buttheydidn'thaveanychild,andhismotherdidn'tlikeTangWan.Thoughtheyhadlivedhappilytogether,hismotherforcedthemtodivorceinordertomakehimconcentrateonstudyingandfulfillinghisaspirationofsavingtheSongdynasty.IntraditionalChineseculture,goodchildrenshouldberespectfulandobedienttotheirparents.LuYoulovedhismotherandreluctantlydivorcedTangWan.Then,shemarriedanoblemanZhaoShiCheng,andhemarriedMs.Wang(herfirstnameeludesmostresearchers).LuYouwasverysadafterhisfirstmarriage.Onespring,atage31,eightyearsaftertheirdivorce,hepassedbySheng'sGardenandencounteredTangWanandherhusbandbychance.TangWanaskedherhusbandtolethersendaglassofwinetoLuYou.Whenherhandspassedthewinetohim,hesawhereyesbrimmedwithtears...Hisheartwasbroken,andhetooktheglassofbitterwinebottomup.Heturnedbackandwrotedownthepoem“PhoenixPin”onthewallofSheng’sGardenwithinonebreath.AfterthismeetingwithTangWan,hewentuptotheNorthagainsttheJinDynastyandthenturneddowntotheSouthShu(today’sSichuaninChina)topursuehisdreamofunifyingChinaasawholenation.Meanwhile,afterTangWanreadhispoem,sheimmediatelywroteoneinthesameforminresponse.Inlessthanayear,shedied.OneyearbeforeLuYou’sdeath,atage85,hestillwroteanotherromanticlovingpoem“Sheng’sGarden”tocommemoratehisfirstlove.[edit]OfficialcareerHepassedthecivilserviceexaminationin1153,butwasunsuccessfulinhisofficialcareer:headoptedapatrioticirredentiststance,advocatingtheexpulsionoftheJurchen(女真)fromnorthernChina,butthispositionwasoutoftunewiththetimes.Afteralongcareerasanofficial,includingperiodsexiledtominorpositionsintheprovinces,heretiredtohisnativetownofShaoxing(绍兴)infrustration.Hespentthelasttwentyyearsrusticatedthere.Hiswifediedin1197.[edit]StyleLuYouwroteovertenthousandpoems,inboththeshi(诗)andci(词)forms,plusanumberofproseworks.Inhispoetryhecontinuestoarticulatethebeliefswhichcosthimhisofficialcareer,callingforreconquestofthenorth.WatsonidentifiestheseworksaspartofthelegacyofDuFu(杜甫).Watsoncomparesasecondbodyofwork,poemsoncountrylifeandgrowingold,tothoseofBaiJuyi(白居易)andTaoQian(陶潜).LuYouhadwrittenalotofpoemsinhiswholelife,morethan10000,stillhaving9300aftererasingsomeofthemhimself.Hisstylecanbedividedintothreeperiods.[edit]FirstPeriodThefirstPeriodofLuYou’sworksisfromhisteenageyearstoage46.Thisperiodlaststhelongest,butkeepstheleastofhisworks,abouttwohundredpoems,becauseheeliminatedhisearlyworksthroughselection.[edit]SecondPeriodSecondPeriodrunsfromage46to54,leavingapproximatelymorethan2400worksoftheshiandci.Duringthisperiod,hejoinedthemilitaryandwasaffectedbythatexperience.Thereforethemainstyleofthisperiod'sworksbecomesliberal,forthright,andsplendid;hispatrioticspiritheightensintoanotherlevel.Thematurityandrichnesspresentedinthisperiod’sworksestablishesthesublimepositionamongChineseLiteratureancestors.[edit]ThirdPeriodThethirdPeriodstartsfrommovingbacktohishometownuntildeath.Becausehedidn'thaveenoughtimetoeliminatehisworksthroughselection,aboundingworks,sixthousandfivehundred,livefromthisperiod.Duringthisperiod,becausehewasold,livedwithfarmers,andhadgonethroughupsanddownsinthemilitaryandgovernmentaloffice,hisworkinthisperiodrepresentspeacefulpastoralimages,aswellasthedesolationandbleaknessofhumanlife.Thoughhisstylechangesthroughperiods,hisworksarefullypackedwithfuriouslyenthusiasticpatriotism.Thisisthemostimportantnatureofhisworks,andthegreatestreasontheyhavebeeneulogizedforalmostathousandyears.[edit]BibliographyLuYouwasbornonaboatfloatingintheWeiWaterRiverinanearlyrainymorningofOctober17th,1125(Chinesecalendar).ThatwasthetimetheSongdynastywasfrequentlyinvadedbytheJinDynasty.Oneyearafterhisbirth,thetroopsoftheJinDynastyconqueredthecapitalofNorthernSongdynasty;hisfamilyfledfromhomewhilehewasstillaninfant.Undersuchaninfluence,hedeterminedtoexpeltheJurchen(女真)fromtheNorthandbringaUnitedSongdynastybackevenwhenhewasverylittle.Atage12,LuYouwasalreadyexcellentinwriting,masteredtheskillofswordfighting,anddelveddeeplyintowarstrategy.Atage19,hetookthecivilserviceexamination,butdidn'tpass.Tenyearslater,hetookitagain;thistimehenotonlypassedit,hewasthefirstwinnerintheregionLinAnn.Butthistriumphdidnotbringhimanyluck;oppositely,itbroughtbigtroubletohim.QinSun,whowasthegrandsonofQinHiu(anotorioustraitortoChinaandtremendouspowerfularistocratintheSongDynasty),alsotookthisexam,andLuYou'swinningthreatenedQinSun'sposition,becauseLuYouwaslikelytobethefirstwinnerinthenextyear'snationalexamination.Infact,notonlyLuYou,butallthepotentialwinnersofthenextyear'snation-widecompetitiongotexcluded,evensomeoftheexaminationofficers.AfterQinHiu'sdeath,hestartedhisofficialcareeringovernment.BecauseheavidlyproposedfightingagainsttheJinDynastyanddidn’tfollowthemainstream,hewasdismissedfromhisjob.In1172,hewashiredtocreatestrategicplanninginthemilitary.Militarylifeopenedhiseyesandmindwidely;hefoundhishopetofulfillhisaspiration--bringingbrokenChinabacktoawholenation.Hewroteoutplentyofunrestrained,untrammeledpoemstoexpresshispassionatepatriotism.ButtheSongDynastywassocorruptatthattime;mostofficersjustwantedtomakeaniceliving;hecouldn’tgettheopportunitytodeployhistalent.In1175,FanDiaChengaskedhimtojoinhisparty.Theyhadusedtosharesimilarinterestsviawriting,andnowbehavedcasualinthegovernmentalsociety.Plus,becauseLuYoualwaysfelttherewasnoplaceforhimtousehistalentandambitionstosavetheSongDynasty,hestartedtobecomeself-indulgent,enjoyingdrinkingtoforgethislackofsuccessinpersonallifeandcareerpursuit.Hegavehimselfanickname"Freedguy"(放翁),andwassarcastictohimselfinhispoems.Afterseveralpromotionsanddemotionsinhisgovernmentalcareer,in1190,heretiredandlivedinseclusionathishometownShaoxing(绍兴),aruralarea.Hestartedtoenjoykeepingingoodhealthandlikeeatingpearlbarleyandwoodenears.Thishabitkepthisvisionandhearingkeenuntildeath.Thoughduringthisperiod,hestillardentlyproposedfightingagainsttheJinDynasty,butalwaysgotdisputesandrejections.FinallyonDecember29,1209(Chinesecalendar),hediedwiththebiggestregret–theNorthernChinawasstillinthecontroloftheJurchen(女真)–atage86.Books《剑南诗稿》 《渭南文集》 《放翁逸稿》 《南唐书》 《老学庵笔记》 《放翁家训》 《家世旧文》 [edit]PoemsWikisourcehasoriginalworkswrittenbyorabout: LuYouToSon(示儿) LuYouwrotemanypoems.Oneofhismostfamousis"ToSon"().Thisishowitgoes:死去原知万事空,但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁。Allturnstodustinmydyingeyes,onlyhatredisthataunifiedlandisnotseen.Whenthedayoftheemperor'stroopssweepingtheNorthcomes,youmustnotforgettotellmebeforemytombstone.Thispoemwascomposedbyhimwhenhewasabouttodie.Whatthispoemmeansisthathedoesn'tmindnotbeingabletotakeanythingwithhimwhenhedies(死去原知万事空),butheisupsettoseethatChinaisnotunitedasanation(但悲不见九州同).Heistellinghissonthatifthisdayevercomes(王师北定中原日),hisfamilymustnotforgettogotohisgraveandtellhimthere(家祭无忘告乃翁。).RainstormonNov.4(十一月四日风雨大作) 僵卧孤村不自哀,尚思为国戍轮台。夜阑卧听风吹雨,铁马冰河入梦来。Isleptstiffandaloneinalonelyvillagewithoutfeelingself-pity.Iamstillthinkingoffightingformycountry.DeepintothenightIliedownandhearthewindblowingtherain.Thearmoredhorsesandtheicerivercameintomydream.ThispoemwaswrittenwhenLuwasretiredandold,butitshineswithhispatriotismandvividdepictionofthefightingscenesintheNorth.PhoenixPin(钗头凤) 红酥手,黄藤酒,满城春色宫墙柳。东风恶,欢情薄,一怀愁绪,几年离索。错、错、错!春如旧,人空瘦,泪痕红邑鲛绡透。桃花落,闲池阁。山盟虽在,锦书难托。莫、莫、莫!Lilyhands,ripplingwine,ThetownisfilledwithSpringlikewillowswavingby.Bitingeastwind,happinessthin,achestfullofsorrow,yearsofseparation.Wrong,Wrong,Wrong!Springislikebefore;thegirlispaleandthininvain.Throughthesheersilks,it’sthetearfuleyesbrimming.Peachblossomsfalling,glimmeringpoundfreezing,Paramountpromiseisstill,gloriousbookhardtosustain.Moan,moan,moan!Thispoemisthetearofhisreallovestory(seehismarriage).Inthispoem,"Bitingeastwind"isametaphorfortraditionalChineseviewaboutwomen.Thisviewbreakshisfirstmarriage."Gloriousbook"isanothermetaphorforhisambitionofunifyingChina.Buthedoesn'tseemtobesuccessfulineitherofthem(marriageandcareer).Healsousesantithesis,whichisverypopularinChinesepoetry.Itmatchesbothsoundandsenseintwopoeticlines,like"achestofsorrow"pairing"yearsofseparation"and"paramountpromise"pairing"gloriousbook".ThesoundsareperfectlymatchingeachotherinChinese.Thispoemfallsinthefirstperiodofhisworks.MeiFlower(卜运算元-咏梅) 驿外断桥边寂寞开无主己是黄昏独自愁更著风和雨无意苦争春一任羣芳妒零落成泥碾作尘只有香如故Nearthebrokenbridgeoutsidethefortress,Iamlonelyanddis-oriented.ItisduskandIamworriedalone,especiallywhenthewindandrainstarttoblow.IdonotintendtocontestforthegloryofSpring.Iwouldratherbealoneandenviedbyotherexcellentpeople.Iwouldfalltobecomeearthandbepressedtodust.Myglorywillbesameasbefore.
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