定语从句语法详解定稿版

IBMsystemofficeroom【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】定语从句语法详解精编WORD版定语从句语法详解，希望能够帮助考生备考英语学科考试，赢得高分。一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。eg:Sheisabeautifulgirl.(形容词)ImetsomeonefunnyonmywaytoBeijing.(形容词)(修饰不定代词的定语后置)HeisanEnglishteacher.(名词)(名词作定语时一般用单数，例外的有sports,如asportsstar)Ihavealotofworktodo.(不定式)Thebookwrittenbyaschoolboyisverypopularnow.(过去分词短语)Wecanseetherisingsun.(现在分词)=thesunisrising.Heisinthereadingroom.(动名词)=theroomforreadingTheboywhobrokethewindowisTom’sbrother.(从句)注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something,anything,everything,nothing,someone,everyone,everybody,somewhere等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。present(在场的),absent(缺席的)作定语时需要后置。studentspresent/absent2.不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。3分词作定语时，即可放在所修饰词前，也可放在所修饰词后1)分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语，一般放在所修饰词前。Heisaretiredworker.　他是位退休的工人2)分词后置分词在以下情况，放在所修饰词的后面i.分词词组;Therewasagirlsittingthere.　有个女孩坐在那里ii.个别分词如given,left;Thisisthequestiongiven.　　这是所给的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 iii.修饰不定代词something等Thereisnothinginteresting.　没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.=MostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica二、定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。IlikethebooksthatarewrittenbyMr.Green.先行词关系词A.关系词：关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句，指代先行词，在定语从句中充当句子成分。Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillsurelybepunished.1.先行词指人时，定语从句的引导词：(1)指人时，who和that都可以使用.(2)who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who.Heisthemanwho/whomItalkedtoyouabout.=HeisthemanaboutwhomItalkedtoyou.(3)先行词是人时，只用who,不用或少用that的情况：a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who,不用that如果先行词是someone,也可用thatHeisnotonewhoiseasilyfrightened.IthinkJoeistheonewhoborrowedmypeo.Theoneswhotelllieswon’tgainothers’trust.Anyonewhosawtheaccidentshouldphonethepolice.Someonewho/thatclaimstobeyourunclewantstoseeyou.b.先行词是those时，关系代词一般用who不用thatThosewhodon’twishtogoneednotgo.c.Therebe句型中，修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导Thereisacertainoldmaninthevillagewhononeofuslikes.d.若一个句子中有两个定语从句，第一个已经用that,则第二个一般用whoThemanthatistalkingwithourteacheristheprofessorwhogaveusareportyesterday.e.当定语从句与先行词较远时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用whoIcameacrossmyfirstteacherinthestoreyesterdaywhowasstillbeautiful.f非限定性定语从句只用who来引导,不用thatHehasason,whoisadoctor.(4)当先行词是人，只用that不用who的情况：a.以who开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句的先行词如果是人，关系代词只用that不用whoWhoisthegirlthatsaidhellotoyoujustnow?b.当先行词既有人也有物时，定语从句只用that来引导Theyoftertalkaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyremember.c.当关系代词在定语从句中作 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语时，只用that来引导He’schanged.Heisnotthemanthathewas.d.当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that.ThisisthemostbeautifulladythatIhaveevermet.e.当先行词是other时，定语从句只用that引导。Youcanasktheoldmanoranyotherthatwasthereatthetime.[page]2.先行词是物时that和which一般可以互换使用，但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般用that:a.先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,theone,none等不定代词Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.ThelittlethatIhaveseenofhisworkissatisfactory.b.先行词被序数词，形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰ThefirstbookthatIboughtinthisbookstoreisadictionary.ThelastpersonthatItalkedwithinLondonismygirlfriendThebestteacherthatIhaveevermethasgoneabroadYoucantakeanyseatthatisvacant.c.先行词有两个：一个指人，另一个指物Imissallthepeopleandplacesthatwevisitedlastsummerd.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。e.Therebe句型中，Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisfree.f.先行词为数词时Threebuildingshavebeencompleted,buttherearetwothatarestillunderconstruction.(2)下列场合不能用thata.在非限定性定语从句中，即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导，指人时用who或whom,指物时用which.b.在“介词+关系代词”结构中不用that,指人时用whom,指物时用which.Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalking.c.先行词为that,those时，关系词用which指物，who指人What’sthatwhichyouhavegotinyourhand?d.两个定语从句，一个用了that,另一个则用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.e.关系代词后有插入语时，只用whichHerearesomestampswhich–Ithink–youcantakeaway.3.当关系词在从句中作宾语时，关系词可以省略。4.当先行词指时间，地点，原因(thereason)时，且关系词在从句中作状语，用when,where,why如果关系词在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，则用that或which.Iwanttovisittheplacewheremymotherwasborn.=Iwanttovisittheplaceinwhichmymotherwasborn.IstillremembertheyearswhenIstudiedinthemiddleschool.=IstillremembertheyearsinwhichIstudiedinthemiddleschool.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tagreewithus.=Ididn’tknowthereasonforwhichhedidn’tagreewithus.5.当先行词是theway,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that,inwhich引导，也可省略。当先行词是time,time当“次数”讲时，用that引导定语从句，且that可以省略;当time表示“一段时间，时间”讲时，定语从句用when或at/duringwhich引导Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalkedtohismother.Icanhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)I’vefailed.I’llneverforgetthetimewhen/atwhichwevisitedyourhometown.6.当先行词family,class,team,army,company等被当作单数时，定语从句中用which,被当作复数时，用who或whom.Thefamily,whichisalargeandrichone,waspoor.Theparty,whoareallchildren,havelosttheirway.7.当先行词是动物时，定语从句一般用whichThedog,whichhehadkeptforfiveyears,waskilledbysomeoneyesterday.B.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，常常将介词前置于作宾语的关系词前，IlovethemusicthatIcandanceto.=IlovethemusictowhichIcandance.ThemanwhoItalkedtojustnowismybrother.=ThemantowhomItalkedjustnowismybrother.介词后面的关系词指人时只用whom,不能用who或that;指物时只用which,不能用that.注意，并非所有情况下介词都可以前移，含有介词的短语动词不可拆开，介词仍需放在动词后面，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。“介词+which/whom”前还可以用some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词，名词或数词等。Hissons,bothofwhomlovedmusicverymuch,spentmostoftheirmoneyonCDs.Thehouse,theroofofwhichisblue,willbeusedasalibrary.C.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整，形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开，使用时注意以下几点：l非限定性定语从句不能用that引导l非限定性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。D.as引导的定语从句的用法1.as可引导限定性定语从句，用于such…as….,so….as….,thesame….as…结构中。Heboughtmesuchawatchaswasadvertisedinthenewspaper.注意：比较thesame…as….和thesame…that….HeboughtmethesamewatchasIlostlastweek.他买了一块和我上星期丢的一样的表。(一样，但不是同一个)HeboughtmethesamewatchthatIlostlastweek.他把我上星期丢的那块表又买回来了。(同一个)2.当非限定性定语从句的先行词不是主句中的某一个词，而是整个主句时，可以用which或as引导。在以下情况下用as引导：a.从句意思为“正如/正像...一样”b.从句位于句首，构成以下结构：asiswellknown众所周知asoftenhappens这种情况经常发生asisoftenthecase情况经常这样asissupposed如所预料的一样ashasbeenpointedout如所指出的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说在下面情况经常用which引导：主句和从句表示因果关系。Helostthegame,whichmadeusverydisappointed.非限定性定语从句是否定意义。Hegainedabigfortune,whichmeantnothingtohim.E.其他：1.分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句，此时须注意辨别从句的先行词。Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMr.Joe,toldthestory.2.定语从句的谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致。注意：先行词前有oneof修饰，定语从句的谓语用复数;(nottheonlyoneof…=oneof…)先行词前有the(only)oneof修饰时，定语从句的谓语用单数。以上介绍了定语从句语法详解，希望对各位考生有所帮助。