Module3SectionⅠⅠntroduction＆Reading—pre--reading

Module3SectionⅠStep1Step2Step3Step4Step51．Therearemanyreasonsfornaturaldisasters.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthem?2．Therehasbeenanincreaseinnaturaldisastersinrecentyears.Ismantoblame?Followingtheongoingbreakingnewsonnaturaldisastersoccurringaroundtheworld,Ifoundmyselfwonderingiftherehasbeenanincreaseinnaturaldisastersinrecentyearsandifmanistoblame.WhatIfoundisthatthereindeedseemstobeagreatincreaseinthepastdecade.Comments(评论)fromvariousgovernmentdepartmentsandscientistsallpaintthesamegloomy(黯淡的)picture.Accordingtoareport,duringthe2000－2009periodtherehadbeen385disasters,anincreaseof233%since1980to1989,anda67%increasesince1990to1999.Thoughearthquakesmadeup60%ofnaturaldisastersfrom2000to2009,climate­relatedevents,suchasdroughts,stormsandfloods,hadmadeupthemajorityofdisastersoverall,increasingtentimessincedatawasfirstcollectedin1950.Soundsscary?Definitely!Thelargeincreaseindisastersraisesseveralquestions.Istheincreaseduetoasignificantimprovementinaccesstoinformation?Whatpartdoespopulationgrowthandinfrastructure(基础设施)developmentplay?Andfinally,isclimatechangebehindtheincreasingfrequencyofnaturaldisasters?Andismantoblame?Well,withthegrowingpopulationandinfrastructures,theworld‘sexposure(遭受)tonaturaldisastersislargelyincreased.Forexample,thestrongestpopulationgrowthislocatedincoastalareas(withgreaterexposuretofloodsandtidalwaves).Andtomakemattersworse,anylandremainingavailableforurbangrowthisgenerallyrisk­prone(可能有危险的),forinstance,floodplainsorsteepslopes(陡峭的斜坡)subjecttolandslides.Sotheincreaseinpopulationdoesnotperhapschangethenumberofdisasterstakingplacebutitcertainlychangestheeffecttheyhaveonlives,infrastructureandeconomicloss.Theincreasedmediacoverageondisastershashadaninfluenceontheincreaseinrecordeddisastersbutithasbeenagoodthingintermsofgettingglobalhelptoareasinneed.Beforeincreasedmediacoverage,disastersmaynotberecorded.Lookatthefollowingpictures.Doyouknowwhathappenedineachpicture? 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：1.earthquake　2.drought　3.tsunami　4.flood5．tornado　6.hurricaneChoosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.1．WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A．TheworsttornadoofalltimeoccurredintheUSin1925.B．HurricanesusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean,theCaribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico.C．HurricanesusuallyaffectthewestcoastoftheUS.D．TheIrishactor,CharlesCoghlan,diedoneyearbeforethe1900Galvestonhurricanestruck.2．In1925theworsttornadoofalltimeaffectedthefollowingUSstatesEXCEPT________.A．Texas　　　　　　　　　B．MissouriC．IllinoisD．Indiana3．Onaverage,tornadoescauseabout________deathsand________injuriesintheUSeachyear.A．6,000;3,600B．6,000;37,000C．700;2,700D．80;1,5004．Whichofthefollowinghappenedmostrecently?A．TheworsttornadowhichaffectedthreeUSstates.B．TheworsthurricanewhichhappenedinGalveston.C．ThedestructionofCharlesCoghlan'scemetery.D．ThediscoveryofCharlesCoghlan‘scoffin.5．WheredidCharlesCoghlanbecomefamous?A．InGalveston.B．InNewYork.C．InCanada.D．InIreland.答案：1.C　2.A　3.D　4.A　5.BFillintheblanksaccordingtothepassage.TornadoHurricaneDefinitionArotatingcolumnof1.fromathunderstormtothegroundStrongtropical5.Places　　Almostalloccurin2.,frominthesoutheasttointhenorthInthesouthern6.,theCaribbeanSeaandtheMexicoairtheUSstormsAtlanticOceanTornadoHurricaneSpeedofvi-olentwindsMorethan3.kilometersperhour7.kilometersperhourormoreTheworstexampleTheonein1925,affecting4.andcausingmorethan700deathsand2,700injuries.Theoneonthe8thSeptember,resultedin8.deathsand3,600destroyedbuildings.4001203USstates6,000Fillintheblanksaccordingtothepassage.Atornado,whichisarotating1.ofairfromathunderstormtothegroundusually2.intheUS,3.severalUSstatesgreatly.Hurricanes,whicharestrong4.storms,usually5.theeastcoastoftheUSfromTexastoMaine,the6.oneofwhichcaused6,0007.,anddestructionof3,600buildings.columnoccursaffectingtropicalhit/strike/affectworstdeathsHereisastoryabouttheworsthurricane.CharlesCoghlan,afamousIrishactor,movedtoCanada,thenNewYork,andfinallyGalveston,wherehediedin1899,ayearbeforethehurricanecame.Inthehurricane,his8.wasdestroyedandhiscoffin9.upinthesea,whichwas10.bytheGulfStreamtohishomeonPrinceEdwardIslandintheeastofCanadaeightyearslater.cemeteryendedcarriedTheviolenceofnatureisveryterrible,especiallyearthquakes.Canyoutellustheeffectsofearthquakes?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：(1)Earthquakesmaymakemanypeoplelosetheirhomeandrelativessuddenly.(2)Sometimes,earthquakescancauseseveretsunami,andeachofuscannotforgetthetsunamiinJapan.(3)AsfarasIknow,mostpeopleintheearthquake­strickenareasneedalongtimetogetridofthebadeffectscausedbyearthquakes,especiallythosewholosttheirrelatives.