《西安宣言——保护历史建筑、古遗址和历史地区的环境》英文版

《西安宣言——保护历史建筑、古遗址和历史地区的环境》英文版[12/06/2005]国家文物局政府网站XI’ANDECLARATIONONTHECONSERVATIONOFTHESETTINGOFHERITAGESTRUCTURES,SITESANDAREAS AdoptedinXi’an,China21October2005Finalversion-22.10.2005PreambleMeetingintheancientcityofXi’an(China)on17-21stOctober2005,attheinvitationofICOMOSChinaontheoccasionof15thGeneralAssemblyofICOMOSandthecelebrationsmarkingthe40thanniversaryofitslongstandingendeavourtoensurethesafeguardandconservationoftheWorld’sculturalheritageaspartofitssustainableandhumandevelopment;BenefitingfromthebroadrangeofcasesandreflectionssharedduringtheGeneralAssembly’sInternationalSymposiumonMonumentsandSitesintheirSettings–ConservingCulturalHeritageinChangingTownscapesandLandscapesandlearningfromabroadrangeofexperiencesfromChinaandworld-wideauthorities,institutionsandspecialistsinprovidingadequatecareandmanagementofheritagestructures,sitesandareassuchashistoriccities,landscapes,seascapes,culturalroutesand archaeologicalsitesinthecontextofacceleratedchangeanddevelopment;TakingnoteoftheinternationalandprofessionalinterestfortheconservationofthesettingsofmonumentsandsitesasexpressedintheInternationalCharterfortheConservationandRestorationofMonumentsandSites–theVeniceCharter(1964)–andinthemanytextsithasinspired,particularlythroughICOMOSNationalandInternationalCommittees,aswellastheNaraDocumentonAuthenticity(1994)andconclusionsandrecommendationsofinternationalmeetingsliketheHoiAnDeclarationontheConservationofHistoricDistrictsinAsia(2003),theDeclarationontheRecoveryofBam’sCulturalHeritage(2004),andtheSeoulDeclarationonTourisminAsia’sHistoricTownsandAreas(2005);NotingthereferencestotheconceptofsettinginUNESCOconventionsandrecommendationsliketheRecommendationconcerningtheSafeguardingofBeautyandCharacterofLandscapesandSites(1962),theRecommendationconcerningthePreservationofCulturalPropertyEndangeredbyPublicorPrivateWorks(1968),theRecommendationconcerningtheSafeguardingandContemporaryRoleofHistoricAreas(1976),theConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage,(2003)andmorespecificallytheWorldHeritageConvention(1972)anditsOperationalGuidelines,wheresettingislistedasanattributeofauthenticityandasneedingprotectionthroughtheestablishmentofbufferzones,andtheongoingopportunitythisbringsforinternationalandinterdisciplinaryco-operationbetweenICOMOS,UNESCOandotherpartnersandfordevelopmentsontopicslikeauthenticityortheconservationofhistoricurbanlandscapesexpressedintheViennaMemorandum(2005);Stressingtheneedtoaddressadequatelytherapidorincrementaltransformationofcities,landscapesandheritagerouteswhichresultfromchangesinlifestyles,agriculture,development,tourismorlarge-scaledisastersofnaturalorhumanorigin,andtorecognise,protectandsustainadequatelythemeaningfulpresenceofheritagestructures,sitesandareasintheirsettingsasawaytoreducethethreatthesetransformationprocessesconstituteagainsttheculturalheritageinthefullrichnessofitsauthenticity,meaning,values,integrityanddiversity.Participantsofthe15thGeneralAssemblyofICOMOSadoptthefollowingDeclarationofprinciplesandrecommendations,addressingittointergovernmentalandnon-governmentalorganisations,nationalandlocalauthoritiesandallinstitutionsandspecialistsabletocontributethroughlegislation,policies,planningprocessesandmanagementtobetterprotectandconservetheworld’sheritagestructures,sitesandareasintheirsettings.Acknowledgethecontributionofsettingtothesignificanceofheritagemonuments,sitesandareas1.Thesettingofaheritagestructure,siteorareaisdefinedastheimmediateandextendedenvironmentthatispartof,orcontributesto,itssignificanceanddistinctivecharacter.Beyondthephysicalandvisualaspects,thesettingincludesinteractionwiththenaturalenvironment;pastorpresentsocialorspiritualpractices,customs,traditionalknowledge,useoractivitiesandotherformsofintangibleculturalheritageaspectsthatcreatedandformthespaceaswellasthecurrentanddynamiccultural,socialandeconomiccontext.2.Heritagestructures,sitesorareasofvariousscales,includingindividualbuildingsordesignedspaces,historiccitiesorurbanlandscapes,landscapes,seascapes,culturalroutesandarchaeologicalsites,derivetheirsignificanceanddistinctivecharacterfromtheirperceivedsocialandspiritual,historic,artistic,aesthetic,natural,scientific,orotherculturalvalues.Theyalsoderivetheirsignificanceanddistinctivecharacterfromtheirmeaningfulrelationshipswiththeirphysical,visual,spiritualandotherculturalcontextandsettings.Theserelationshipscanbetheresultofaconsciousandplannedcreativeact,spiritualbelief,historicalevents,useoracumulativeandorganicprocessovertimethroughculturaltraditions.Understand,documentandinterpretthesettingsindiversecontexts3.Understanding,documentingandinterpretingthesettingisessentialtodefiningandappreciatingtheheritagesignificanceofanystructure,siteorarea.Thedefinitionofsettingrequiresanunderstandingofthehistory,evolutionandcharacterofthesurroundsoftheheritageresource.Definingthesettingisaprocessofconsideringmultiplefactorstoincludethecharacterofthearrivalexperienceandtheheritageresourceitself.4.Understandingthesettinginaninclusivewayrequiresamulti-disciplinaryapproachandtheuseofdiverseinformationsources.Sourcesincludeformalrecordsandarchives,artisticandscientificdescriptions,oralhistoryandtraditionalknowledge,theperspectivesoflocalandassociatedcommunitiesaswellastheanalysisofviewsandvistas.Culturaltraditions,rituals,spiritualpracticesandconceptsaswellashistory,topography,naturalenvironmentvalues,useandotherfactorscontributetocreatethefullrangeofasetting’stangibleandintangiblevaluesanddimensions.Thedefinitionofsettingsshouldcarefullyarticulatethecharacterandvaluesofthesettinganditsrelationshiptotheheritageresource.Developplanningtoolsandpracticestoconserveandmanagesettings5.Theimplementationofeffectiveplanningandlegislativetools,policies,strategiesandpracticestosustainablymanagesettingsrequiresconsistencyandcontinuityinapplication,whilstreflectingthelocalorculturalcontextsinwhichtheyfunction.Toolstomanagesettingsincludespecificlegislativemeasures,professionaltraining,developmentofcomprehensiveconservationandmanagementplansorsystems,anduseofadequateheritageimpactassessmentmethods.6.Legislation,regulationandguidelinesfortheprotection,conservationandmanagementofheritagestructures,sitesandareasshouldprovidefortheestablishmentofaprotectionorbufferzonearoundthemthatreflectsandconservesthesignificanceanddistinctivecharacteroftheirsetting. 7.Planninginstrumentsshouldincludeprovisionstoeffectivelycontroltheimpactofincrementalorrapidchangeonsettings.Significantskylines,sightlinesandadequatedistancebetweenanynewpublicorprivatedevelopmentandheritagestructures,sitesandareasarekeyaspectstoassessinthepreventionofinappropriatevisualandspatialencroachmentsorlanduseinsignificantsettings. 8.Heritageimpactassessmentsshouldberequiredforallnewdevelopmentimpactingonthesignificanceofheritagestructures,sitesandareasandontheirsettings.Developmentwithinthesettingofheritagestructures,sitesandareasshouldpositivelyinterpretandcontributetoitssignificanceanddistinctivecharacter.Monitorandmanagechangeaffectingsettings9.Therateofchangeandtheindividualandcumulativeimpactsofchangeandtransformationonthesettingsofheritagestructures,sitesandareasisanongoingprocesswhichmustbemonitoredandmanaged.Incrementalaswellasrapidtransformationoftheurbanorrurallandscapes,thewaysoflife,theeconomiesorthenaturalenvironmentcansubstantiallyorirretrievablyaffecttheauthenticcontributionthatthesettingmakestothesignificanceofaheritagestructure,siteorarea.10.Changetothesettingofheritagestructures,sitesandareasshouldbemanagedtoretainculturalsignificanceanddistinctivecharacter.Managingchangetothesettingofheritagestructures,sitesandareasneednotnecessarilypreventorobstructchange.11.Monitoringshoulddefineapproachesandactionstoappreciateandmeasureaswellaspreventorremedydecay,lossofsignificanceortrivialisationandproposeimprovementinconservation,managementandinterpretationpractices.Qualitativeandquantifiableindicatorsshouldbedevelopedtoassessthecontributionofthesettingtothesignificanceofaheritagestructure,siteorarea.Indicatorsformonitoringshouldcoverphysicalaspectssuchasintrusiononviews,skylinesoropenspaces,airpollution,soundpollution,aswellaseconomic,socialandculturaldimensions.Workwithlocal,interdisciplinaryandinternationalcommunitiesforco-operationandawarenessinconservingandmanagingsettings12.Co-operationandengagementwithassociatedandlocalcommunitiesisessentialaspartofdevelopingsustainablestrategiesfortheconservationandmanagementofsettings.Inter-disciplinaryengagementshouldbeencouragedasstandardpracticeinconservingandmanagingsettings.Relevantculturalheritagefieldsincludearchitecture,urbanandregionalplanning,landscapeplanning,engineering,anthropology,history,archaeology,ethnology,curationandarchives.Co-operationwithinstitutionsandspecialistsinthefieldofnaturalheritageshouldalsobeencouragedasanintegralpartofgoodpracticefortheidentification,protection,presentationandinterpretationofheritagestructures,sitesorareasintheirsetting. 13.Professionaltraining,interpretation,communityeducationandpublicawarenessshouldbeencouragedtosupportsuchco-operationandsharingofknowledgeaswellastopromoteconservationgoals,improvetheefficiencyoftheprotectiontools,managementplansandotherinstruments.Theexperience,knowledgeandtoolsdevelopedthroughtheconservationofindividualheritagestructures,sitesandareasshouldbeextendedtocomplementthemanagementoftheirsetting.Economicresourcesshouldbeallocatedtotheresearch,assessmentandstrategicplanningoftheconservationandmanagementofsettingofheritagestructures,sitesandareas.Awarenessofthesignificanceofthesettinginitsvariousdimensionsisthesharedresponsibilityofprofessionals,institutions,associatedandlocalcommunities,whoshouldtakeintoaccountthetangibleandintangibledimensionsofsettingswhenmakingdecisions.AdoptedinXi’an(China)onthe21stOctober,2005.