新课标人教版课件系列《高中英语》高考系列复习5656《一轮复习—高考完形填空解
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快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题
技巧指导》完形填空是NMET试题中的一个重要部分。“完形填空共20题(从第36~55题),考试时间为15分钟,分值为30分,占总分的20%。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约250词)内留有20个空格,每个空格为一题,每题有四个选择项,要求考生在全面理解
内容
财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容
的基础上选择一个最佳答案,使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。”“完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”。(测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。)《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》对高考完形填空的规定语法结构词汇题篇章结构高考完形填空考什么?词汇手段复现同现词汇的复现关系指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。词汇的复现关系又可分为原词复现、同义词或近义词复现、上下义词复现和概括词复现四类。复现eg:1.Theygotosleepinallkindsofplaces.Redsquirrelsdisappearinsidetrees,bearsusecaves,frogsgodeepunderthemud,andmanyotheranimalsdigholesintheearth.2.IndeedwithoutEinstein’stheory,whichwastheresultomanycomplicatedmathematicalcalculations,therewouldneverhavebeenanypracticalapplicationofnuclearpower.3.Atthatmoment,however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodoso.Insteadofmovingbackwardasplanned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother!(概括和同义复现)上下义词复现反义复现______________________________________________________①Itcanbesaidthatforeign__74__thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso(creates)problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.………fessorandhisstudents(lack)backgroundineachothers‘culture. 74.A.situation B.background C.circumstances D.condition四个选项都表示"情况"的概念,而一个外籍老师的"情况"又该用什么词来表达,通过文章后半部的阅读考生就不难发现background一词,便可判断此处答案为B。②Astheplanecircledovertheairport,everyonesensedthatsomethingwaswrong.………Movingthepilot(aside),themantookhisseatandlistenedcarefullytothe(urgent)instructionsthatwerebeingsentbyradiofromtheairport(below).Theplanewasnowdangerouslyclose(to)theground,buttoeveryone‘s(relief),itsoonbegantoclimb.Themanhadto__84___theairportseveraltimesinordertobecome(familiar)withthecontrolsoftheplane.………Following__88___,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield. 84.A.surround B.circle C.observeD.view 88.A.impressions B.information C.inspections D.instructions从上文中的circled可以推断84"在机场上盘旋"应该是B。从上文中listenedtotheinstructions可以判断88为D。这样,84为上文中circle的复现;followinstructions为listentoinstructions的复现。①Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.…………Itisthe__80__responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary. A.student‘s B.professor'sC.assistant‘s D.librarian's从前面的responsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents可以判断查找材料也应该是"学生"的责任,所以答案为A。2)同义词、近义词复现①Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)neverhelpsbecauseitdoesn't____yourmemory;itonlytightensit. 81.A.loosenB.weakenC.decrease D.reduce ②Therearefourtypesofblood.__67__typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace. 67.A.All B.Most C.No D.Some 前后两部分互为解释,一为肯定,一为否定,为反义复现。从下文的tighten可以判断,上文应该是选loosen。并列连词and说明前后语意一致,那么,前后应该是反义复现,与no反义的自然是A(all)。①Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.Ifalongreadingassignmentisgiven,theinstructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe(information)inthereading…………Whenresearchis__78__,theprofessorexpectsthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompleteitwith(minimum)guidance. 78.A.collected B.assigned C.distributed D.finished该部分作者通过两个例子说明,应该有学生负责自己的学习,都是从"布置作业"方面解释。说明布置阅读作业时要求学生如何;布置研究作业时又该要求学生如何。两个例子概念复现,借助于givereadingassignment的表达方式,可以确定78应该是B,构成assignresearch的结构3)同源词复现②(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally(smooth)andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight(sections)…………othersareunevenroad__85__throughthecountry. 85.A.drivingB.curvingC.crossingD.travelling 上文中提高高速公路上的弯道时用的是curve,85复现"弯道"的概念,用的应该是与curve有关的动词,即curving①Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina__85__result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneof(man)otherobjectives. 85.A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific ②ConsidertheeverydayEnglish__87__"Goodbye". 87.A.expressionB.statementC.proverbD.conversation 冒号后自然是对上文的解释,从解释的内容来看,三者统一于一个概念之下:specific为具体,所以答案为D/B是特殊的Goodbye为所填之词的同位语,goodbye为下义词,其上义词应该是A,expression。4)上义词复现1)场所同现 ①Thisisthoughttobea__89_wherefurtherstudyiscalled(for).89.A.ascopeB.fieldC.rangeD.district研究"就有研究的"领域"、研究的"课题"、从事研究的"人员"。所以"研究"与"领域"是同现,答案自然就是B。②Another(way)todividethestudyof__80__istodistinguishbetweenphysicalgeographyandculturalgeography.Theformerfocusesonthenaturalworld;the_81__startswithhumanbeingsand_82___howhumanbeingsandtheirenvironmentact(upon)eachother.Butwhengeographyisconsideredasasinglesubject,__84__branchcanneglecttheother. 80.A.worldBearthC.globeD.geography 81.A.secondB.nextC.laterD.latter 82.A.learnsB.studiesCrealizesD.understands 84.A.neither B.to C.one D.by从文章主题(也就是话题)来看,本短文所谈论的是"地理"。地理作为一门"科学"有其"研究"的内容。所以,geography,science,study是同现词汇,80答案为D,这从下文分述中的复现也可证明;82答案为B,是同现动词。 从上文former的使用可以推断82答案为D,因former与latter为结构同现。 最后theother的使用说明只有两个,况且这一段所讨论的就是两种地理观的区别,那么两者都不自然就是neither,也就是说neither与theother本来是同现关系。2)修饰同现 ③(Although)thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally__72__andwellmaintained,with(little)sharpcurvesandmanystraight__74__,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost(enjoyableone). 72.A.stableB.smoothC.splendidD.complicated 74.A.selectionsB.separationsC.seriesD.sections 本题涉及到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该是"平坦",有高速公路同现的名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知72答案为B,74答案为D。语法手段照应替代省略2、语法结构方面对语法结构的考查集中在 1)虚拟语气;2)定语从句(连接词,限定与非限定定语从句的区别,定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别);3)状语从句;4)非谓语动词(动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,动名词);5)主谓搭配一致(时态,语态,语气,人称,数);6)并列句,省略句,倒装句及割裂的复杂句子;7)逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语),在句法上不是主谓关系,但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系;8)词类之间的搭配要求,如名词需要形容词,名词,冠词,非谓语动词,词组及定语从句修饰;动词需要副词词组修饰;及物动词后应加宾语等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外,还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容,这样才能确保答案的正确。eg:(1)Inadditionto,therearewordsfromSpanishinEnglishandmanyAmericanIndianwordsandnames;evenChinesesandJapanesewordshavefoundtheirwayintotheEnglishlanguage.Thisborrowingofwordsfrom_____isonethekeyreasonsforsomeofthedifficultiesthatpeoplemeetwithwhentheyarelearningEnglish.(2)Unfortunatelytherearealargenumberofpeopleinmyfamily;somewantedtoseeoneprogramme_______otherspreferredanother.〖分析〗填otherlanguage,这里的otherlanguages与前边的Englishlanguage对照。〖分析〗填:while,表示some与others对照。(1)Forexample,ifconsumersbuyonlysmallcars,manufactureswillkeeponmaking_____Ifconsumersbuyonlylargeautomobiles,manufacturerswillmaketheseinstead.Sometimes,thequalityoftheservicethatisavailablewilldecidewhichcarsarebought.A.whichB.itC.onesD.them(2)Ofcoursehedidnotunderstandathing,buthenoddedhisheadas_______he.A.didB.hadC.understoodD.could(3)ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley_____,foracausehebelievedright.A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone〖分析〗选them,代替cars。[分析]选did,代替understood[分析]选had,代替hadgivenhislife。Fillintheformsbelowinproperwords.(4)Braytonrosetohisfeetandpreparedtobacksoftlyawayfromthesnake.Atthatmoment,however,hefeltstrangelyunwillingtodo_1__.Insteadofmovingbackward___2___planned,hetookastepforward,andthenanother![分析]1.填so,代替前边的backsoftlyawayfromthesnake2.填as,代替后边的takeastepforwarddo.eg:ChoosethebestanswertothequestionAphilosophersaidthatwehavenorighttoopposeapositionuntilwecanstatethatpositioninawaythatfullysatisfiesthosewhohold;until,indeed,wecanmakeoutabettercaseforitthantheproponenthimself_____.A.candoB.mayC.doD.can分析:填can,是前边canmakeoutabettercaseforit的省略。这里指的是句际关系,即在连贯的语篇中句子与句子之间在结构上和意思上的联系。从逻辑意义来看,语篇中句子间的交际关系主要有以下几种类型。逻辑手段逻辑手段并列关系顺序关系转折关系解释关系分指关系因果关系Neveraskachild(whether)helikesanddislikesafoodandnever(discuss)infrontofhimorallow 6 elsetodoso.A)everybodyB)anybody C)somebodyD)nobodyItisalwayssatisfyingtodosomething_____nooneelsehasdone.A.whichB.whatC.itD.that本题考查语法结构,此空要求填一个不定代词。这是一个由never开头的否定句,只是never在并列分句中承前省略,改为由or连接,故选anybody,形成neverallowanybodyelsetodoso的结构。Choosethebestanswertoquestionsbelow:(1)Amongmanypeoplethereisuneasymood-asuspicionthatchangeisoutofcontro1.Noteveryone,_____,sharesthisanxiety.A.butB.andC.whileD.however(2)Heappearedcalm,____insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.andB.orC.butD.otherwise分析:(1)填however,表示前一句与本句的转折。(2)填but,表calm和fear对照。1Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas 1 andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad 2 astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase 3 downthestairs. 1).A.helpless B.lazy C.anxious D.tired 2.)A.took B.minded C.missed D.picked 3).A.rolling B.passing C.dropping D.turning 分析:在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下,可知1题答案为D.tired,即当我到达三楼时,已经很累了;再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是:爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了,衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此2、3题的答案分别为C、A,尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误。2.That“somethingspecial”wasmen---___individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew(sources)ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationtoreshapethesociety.Themenwho____themachinesofthe(came)frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.4A)generatingB)effectiveC)motivationD)creative6.A)employedB)createdC)operatedD)controlled第4题选D)。句中creativeindividuals是后面定语从句whoinventmachines…在意义上的同现,符合上下文。第6题选B)created。Created是上一句中creativeindividualswhocouldinventmachines的近义复现。其他选项均与上下文不符。1.IttookCharlieMuiseveralmonthstosaveupsevendollars.Hewantedto______amodelplaneandwenttotheshopwiththemoney.AsellB.buyC.holdD.bring2.TomwantstolearnmoreabouttheBritishpoliticalsystem,buthedoesn’tknowwheretogetthe_______. A.situation B.information C.conversation D.association例1:Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir___ .Thiswasthebeginningofanother_____ dayinNewYorkCity. 1.A.jobs B.homes C.buses D.offices 2.A.workingB.hot C.same D.ordinary 分析:从信息词“earlymorning”和“sleepy-eyed”来判断,B.homes不符合逻辑,按生活经验,他们是去上班。这时有些考生也许会认为,既然上班,就要去“挤公交车”或“去办公室”。但上班的方式也有步行的、骑车的或坐地铁的,也有自己开车去的。人们上班有去农场的、煤矿的,还有去工厂车间的,不一定去办公室。因此,C.buses和D.offices不符合生活实际。1题只有A.jobs才是最合乎逻辑的选项,人们起床后,各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生,是平平常常的,因此2题答案是D.ordinary例2:(NMET1998)Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast 29 bedandbringhimthepapersto 30 . 29.A.to B.at C.in D.by 30.A.check B.read C.keep D.sign 分析:29题的答案是C,bed的前面应当用介词in。至于30题,就要用到相应的文化背景知识:外国人有早上读报的习惯,句中papers即报纸(newspapers)。这是理解文章细节的关键。有了这些文化背景知识,便可迅速推断出最佳选项B.read。因为生活中过分溺爱孩子的母亲,让儿子“在床上”吃早饭,“读”早报是很自然的事情,这也正与文章的主旨相吻合。词的固定搭配,特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的,多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系,这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。 解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记,对所学习语或固定搭配牢固掌握,并能灵活运用。例1:Dadtaughtmealotaboutlife,especiallyitshardtimes. Irememberedoneofhis 1 onenightwhenIwasreadytoquit(退出)apoliticalcampaign(运动)Iwaslosing,andwroteaboutitinmydiary. Tired,feelingthemonthsof 2 ,Iwentuptomystudytomakesomenotes. 1.A.classes B.advice C.lessons D.talks 2.A.struggle B.working C.battle D.defence 分析:class(课,班级,阶级)advice(忠告,建议,不可数名词)lesson(课程,教训)talk(谈话,讲演),根据短文中提供的信息,应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时,父亲“教训”了他一顿,所以1题的答案是A.lessons。2题的选项B.working(工作,劳动),D.defence(防卫,辩护)明显不合乎逻辑,A.struggle意为“斗争,战争”,C.battle是指大型战役中的小规模“战斗”。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月的艰辛,为争取某种权利而进行了艰苦的“斗争”,根据文章的情节线索我们可以确定最佳选项是A。这两个题的解决都借助了词义的辨析,同时也离不开对短文情节发展的把握。 例2:Shenoticedhownervoushewasandsuggestedheshouldstandnearthestagewherehecouldwatchandfollowtheplay. Itwasagood 1 ofgettingridofhisnervousness,shesaid.Shewasright,itseemedto 2 . 1.A.idea B.way C.path D.plan 2.A.do B.win C.work D.act分析:句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张,建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然,“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项A.idea(想法,意见)B.way(路线,方法)C.path(小路,路线)D.plan(
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,规划) 中只有B选项有此含义,无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对,这个方法似乎有效。”2题的四个选项A.do(做,尽力)B.win(获胜,夺得)C.work(工作,起作用)D. act(行动,表演)中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义,自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下,从词汇意义入手的。Atthismoment,theairhostess___73__.Shelookedpale,butwasquite__74__. 73.A.showed B.presentedC.exposed D.appeared 74.A.well B.still C.calm D.quiet73中四个选项都有"出现、显露"方面的意思,但自身的语义特征构成了各自及物不及物的区别。A,B,C都是及物动词,而这里应用不及物动词,表示"出现"之意,所以答案为D。 74除A外,三个选项意思接近,为近义词。但语义的侧重不同,与人连用时,still表示"站着不动",quiet表示"安静,不乱说,乱动",calm则表示人,"镇定、平静"。上文的"脸色苍白",说明了"恐惧"的存在,而一般在这种状态下,人们的行为会有些失常,表现出不够"镇定","不能泰然处之"。句中but的使用,所以,答案应该是C。Summary语篇信息词汇手段复现同现语法手段替代省略逻辑手段并列关系顺序关系分指关系转折关系解释关系因果关系照应