倒装

倒装结构inversion英语句子的自然语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调；三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。一、全部倒装（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时1.therebe句型,其中be动词有时可exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen等词代替(全部倒装）1)Thereisanexperiencedteacherandmanylovelystudentsintheclassroom.2.方位词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等以及now,then放在句首时，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，并且句子的主语是名词。（全部倒装）注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Awaytheywent.(=Theywentaway.)2)Therelayawindingbrookinfrontofanoldhouse.2)Nowcomesyourturntosweepthefloor.1)AwayflewthebirdwhichIboughtyesterday.3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。（全部倒装）“What’sup,Tom?”askedMother.“Thecarismine,”saidTom.注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。“Thecarismine,”hesaid.4.为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前（全部倒装）1)Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.2)Nearbywerethecanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。（全部倒装）1.Insidethepyramidaretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.2.Gonearethedayswhenweareenslaved.3.Presentatthemeetingaretenfamouswriters.such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：1.Suchwasnothisintention.4.Amongthechildrenwasanoldman.2.Sucharethefacts.二、部分倒装把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前1.用于疑问句。（部分倒装）Shalleverythingbereadybeforeyouarrive?WhatcanIdoforyou?注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒.Whocanworkitout?Howmanystudentshavereadthisbook?2.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should/were/had被放在句首。（部分倒装）1)HadInotadoptedmyclassteacher’sadvice,Iwouldhavemadesuchaseriousmistake.2)Weresheyou,shewouldtellherparentsthetruth.3)ShouldIearnmoney,Ishouldlivebetter.3、so,as,neither,nor,nomore位于句首，表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。（部分倒装）TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.--DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?--Idon'tknow,_____.A.nordon'tIcare　B.nordoIcare　C.Idon'tcareneitherD.Idon'tcarealso注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，主谓不倒装TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.“It'sraininghard.”“Soitis.”4.含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor,notonly,hardly…when,innocase,bynomeans,nosooner…than,manyatime,often等。（部分倒装）1)Notuntilthe19thcenturywasthewrittenexaminationprobablyknown.2)Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenawayfrom,butalsohisGermancitizenship.3)Notasinglemistakedidhemade.4)HardlyhadIreachedthebusstopwhenthebusstarted.Hardlyanyonebelievethattoday.NotonlyyoubutalsoshehasbeentoBeijing.NeitherthegirlsnorJohnistoblame.1.Notonlyissheagoodsinger,butalsosheisagooddancer.2.NeitherdidhewatchTVnordidhegotothecinema.3.Notuntilitisdarkwillwecomehome.注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.注意2：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：5.only+状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。（部分倒装）1)OnlythendidIrealizethevalueofreadingaloudeverymorning.2)Onlybymeansoftalkingcanweavoidmisunderstandingeachother.3)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.6.“so/such+表语/状语+that从句”结构中的so或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。（部分倒装）1）Sofrightenedwassheinthedarknessthatshedidn’tdaretomoveatall.2）Suchalovelychildishethatallofuslovehim.3）Sohurriedlydidsheleavethatsheforgottoswitchoffthelights.7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+as/though的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装）1)Proudastheyare,theyareafraidtoseeus.2)Childasheis,heknowsalot.(Asmallchildasheis,heknowsalot.)3)Tryhardastheywould,theycouldnotliftthebox.4)Youngestasheisinourclass,hispronunciationisthebest.8.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。（部分倒装或全部倒装）1）Mayyousucceed/behappy!2)LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!Exercises:1.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizeC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize2.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since3.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife_____sohappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt4.—Whycan'tIsmokehere?—Atnotime_______inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermitted　　B.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermitted　D.doessmokingpermit5.Nosooner_______thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebegan　B.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebegin　D.hadthegamebegun6.—DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?—Idon'tknow,_______.A.nordon'tIcare　B.nordoIcare　C.Idon'tcareneither　D.Idon'tcarealso7._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard8.Now____Sally’sturntokeepguard.A.thereisB.isgoingC.hascomeD.comes9.Notonly_____pollutedbut_____crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere10.So___thatnofishcanliveinit.A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow11.Little_____abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared12.Wasitin1969_____theAmericanastronautsucceeded____landingonthemoon.A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in13.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot14.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.---_____,and______.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave15.Here____thegoodnewsforeverymanandeverywomanwho____inthetown.A.is;liveB.is;livesC.are;liveD.are;livesHomework:1.ReviewVersion2.FinishEnglishweekly