冠词

一、相关概念1、泛指：指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。2、特指：①上文中已提到的人或事物；②被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物；③说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物；④世界上独一无二的事物。3、类脂：指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。4、专指：指类别中的一员或一部分具体事物。(1)Wehadanicedinnerafterthemeeting.(2)Thankyouforsendingusthefreshfruits.(3)Thetigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(4)TheFrenchmenareplayingtennisnow.单数名词复数名词和不可数名词类指泛指的人或事物专指类指特指：①②③④类指泛指单一,每一,任一事物a(an)thethe零冠词专指特指：①②③ 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 :二、不定冠词的用法1、表示one,thesame,acertain的意思。(1)Iwillreturninadayortwo.(2)Theyareofanage.(3)Hi!John.AMr.Smithiswaitingforyououtside.2、“a/an+序数词”不表示排序，而表“又一，再一”。Canyougivemeasecondchance,please?3、有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding等是由其动作转化而来的，其后若叫of时，前面需用不定冠词。(1)Hernewbookisacollectionofshortstories.(2)Aknowledgeoffishbiologyisneededtoexplainthefacts.haveacoldhaveagoodtimehaveagiftforhaveawordwithhaveapopulationofhaveaholidaykeepadiaryforawhileonceinawhileonceuponatimeinahurrycometoanendallofasuddentellaliedosb.afavor/servicewithascoreofatadistanceatalossawasteofacollectionofamatterofhave\takearestgetagift\ridegetaneducationgoonadiet4、与不定冠词连用的习语：5、不定冠词的特殊位置quite/rathera/an+adj.+单数名词；rather/so/as/too/how/however/+adj.+a/an+单数名词；manya/an+名词单数（许多）；nota/an+名词单数（不止一个）。(1)Heisquiteakindguy.(2)Heisasgreatamanaseverlived.(3)Howevercleverastudentheis,heshouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructionnow.1、在姓氏复数前，表一家人。TheGreensareattable.2、在年代、朝代、逢十的数词(表某个年代)前。theSpringandAutumnPeriod.inthe1990’s3、在表量度单位名词前，表“每一”。Ihavehiredthecarbythehour.Eggsaresoldbythedozen.特例：byweight,bycalories.三、定冠词的用法4、动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位,the不可替换。takesb.bythearmhitsb.intheface此外：beredinthefacebelameintherightlegbeblindintheeyemakethemostof      inthedaytime      intheendinthehabitof         notintheleast  inthedistanceintheway            atthesametime      atthemoment gotothecinema       totellthetruth  gotothedoctor’sforthetimebeing     5、与不定冠词连用的习语：onthewhole      ontheright/leftonthespotonthephonebythewaytheotherday  (1)Thebookisnotintheleastdifficult.(2)Thismatterhasanendforthetimebeing.(3)Countthemoneyonthespot.(4)TheotherdayIcameacrossafriendinthestreet.6、定冠词的特殊位置：定冠词一般在名词词组最前面，但有exactly,just,half,double,twice,all,both,off等修饰时，定冠词在这些词后。exactlythesamecolorjusttherightplacehalfthestorydoubletheamount1、复数名词、不可数名词表泛指，用零冠词。(1)Ipreferwritingletterstotalkingonthephone.(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorforadvice.2、月季星期节假洲，呼语头衔职务前，三餐球类惯用语，学科棋类名词前。(1)Ihavelunchatschool.(2)Mr.Liischairmanofthemeeting.四、零冠词的用法3、系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语，用零冠词。Hasheturnedscientist?4、Heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings.5、Theteachercamein,bookinhand.……...........…,withabookinherhand.………………,abookheldinhishand.……………,holdingabookinhishand.6、inuse/danger/public/debt atnoon/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight   outofcontrol/date/patience/mind/money/question/reach/breath/dangeronsecondthoughts nosuchboy     cometolight   cometopowergive/rankfirst   givebirthto   makeroomfor  incaseof       aheadoftime  underrepair  frommorningtillnight    handin hand   byweightbymistake     inplace     bylaw    onboard  atwareveryfewdays  catchfire   facetoface  forcertainpenandinkmasterandservant  shouldertoshoulderhusbandandwifefatherandson      sunandmoondayandnightsidebyside