最新高血压指南的几个问题

最新高血压指南的几个问题刘力生内容提要关于血压水平的定义和分类关于危险度分层关于卫生经济学关于用药问题高血压患者危险分层--WHO/ISH1999注：《1999年中国高血压防治指南》的危险分层参考的是1999年WHO/ISH指南影响高血压患者预后的因素心血管危险因素靶器官损害糖尿病关联临床状况血压水平男性>55岁女性>65岁吸烟血脂紊乱（TC>6.5mmol/L,LDL-C>4.0mmol/L,HDL-C男<1.0，女<1.2mmol/L）早发心血管疾病家族史(男<55,女<65)腹型肥胖(腹围男>102,女>88cm)CRP1mg/dl左心室肥厚（心电图：Sokolow-lyons>38mm;Cornell>2440mm*ms;超声心动图：LVMI男125，女110g/m2）超声证实动脉壁增厚（颈动脉IMT0.9mm）或粥样硬化斑块血清肌酐轻微升高（男115-133，女107-124mol/L）微白蛋白尿症（30-300mg/24H;白蛋白/肌酐比值男22，女31）空腹血浆葡萄糖>7.0mmol/L餐后血浆葡萄糖>11.0mmol/L脑血管疾病：缺血性脑卒中；脑出血；一过性脑缺血发作心血管疾病：心肌梗死；心绞痛；冠脉血运重建；心力衰竭肾脏病变：糖尿病性肾脏病变；肾损害（肌酐升高男>133,女>124mol/L）；蛋白尿（>300mg/24H）周围血管疾病高度眼底病变：出血；或渗出，乳头水肿高血压患者危险分层--2003欧洲高血压指南III级高血压II级高血压I级高血压正常血压高值正常血压其他危险因素和疾病＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋关联临床状况＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋3危险因素或糖尿病或靶器官损害＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋＋1－2危险因素＋＋＋＋＋＋±±0危险因素±：平均危险；＋：低度危险增加；＋＋：中度危险增加；＋＋＋：高度危险增加；＋＋＋＋：极高度危险增加Riskfactorsimilaras1999guidelinesexcept:1.abdominalobesity2.Diabetesasaseparatecriterion3.CRPisadded血压分类--JNC-VI(1997)---------------------------------------------------------类别收缩压（mmHg)舒张压（mmHg)---------------------------------------------------------理想血压<120<80正常血压120-12980-84正常高值130-13985-891级高血压140–15990–99亚组：临界高血压140-14990-942级高血压160-179100-1093级高血压180110单纯收缩期高血压140<90亚组：临界收缩期高血压140-149<90---------------------------------------------------------------1.DistributionofNHANESIEpldemiologicFollow-upStudyParticipantswithaHigh-NormalBPorHypertensionatBaselineAccordingtoBPLovelandRiskCategorization640(9.0)107(1.5)257(3.6)276(3.9)RiskGroupA1366(19.2)5084(71.7)Total483(6.5)1505(21.2)≥160/≥100609(8.5)2208(31.1)140-159/90-99300(4.2)1371(19.3)130-139/85-89RiskGroupCRiskGroupBSBP/DBP,mmHgValuesaren(%)2.EstimatedEffectofa12mmHgReductioninSBPOver10yearsontheNumber-Needed-to-TreattoPreventaCardiovascularDiseaseEventAmongNHANESIEpidemiologicFollow-UpStudyParticipantsAccordingtoBaselineBPLevelandCategoryofPresumedCardiovascularRiskRiskGroupCRiskGroupBRiskGroupA8167131016≥160/≥10091711192033140-159/90-99101913232541130-139/85-89Corrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedSBP/DBP,mmHgSeetestorTable1fordeflnitionofriskgroups.*Correctedforregressiondilutionbiasusingareliabilitycoefficientor0.53tocorrectforImprecisioninthemeasurementofSBP,3.EstimatedEffectofa12mmHgReductioninSBPOver10yearsontheNumber-Needed-to-TreattoPreventaCardiovascularDiseaseDeathAmongNHANESIEpidemiologicFollow-UpStudyParticipantsAccordingtoBaselineBPLevelandCategoryofPresumedCardiovascularRiskRiskGroupCRiskGroupBRiskGroupA112012213449≥160/≥10018312744273394140-159/90-9921373660486701130-139/85-89Corrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedSBP/DBP,mmHgSeetestorTable1fordeflnitionofriskgroups.*Correctedforregressiondilutionbiasusingareliabilitycoefficientor0.53tocorrectforImprecisioninthemeasurementofSBP,4.EstlmatedEffectofa12mmHgReductioninSBPOver10yearsontheNumber-Needed-to-TreattoPreventAnAI-CauseDeathAmongNHANESIEpidemiologicFollow-UpStudyParticipantsAccordingtoBaselineBPLevelandCategoryofPresumedCardiovascularRiskRiskGroupCRiskGroupBRiskGroupA9169172337≥160/≥100122216276097140-159/90-991425193381130130-139/85-89Corrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedCorrected*UncorrectedSBP/DBP,mmHgSeetestorTable1fordefinitionofriskgroups.*Correctedforregressiondilutionbiasusingareliabilitycoefficientor0.53tocorrectforImprecisioninthemeasurementofSBP不同危险程度高血压患者的血压水平(mmHg,xs)男女危险度SBPDBPSBPDBP低危141.3(12.0)88.7(7.9)141.7(10.8)88.4(10.1)中危144.7(15.6)89.3(9.7)144.1(26.7)86.4(10.6)高危144.0(17.7)88.8(11.5)139.6(18.6)85.6(14.5)极高危148.4(21.5)*88.8(12.8)145.9(22.6)*87.6(34.2)*P<0.05心血管危险度分层的重要性（一）高血压常常伴随其它危险因素降压治疗的目的是减少心血管发病与死亡（CVDRisk）,而不仅是降低血压（RFs)，所以对心血管危险的估算是不可或缺的血压升高是CVDRR的重要指标，故以往只看血压水平决定治疗策略。此法对中重度高血压行之有效，对轻度高血压则否心血管危险度分层的重要性（二）NHANES-I根据JNCVI，对7,090NHEFS队列20年随访说明临床决策不仅依靠平均血压水平，并需考虑其他危险因素1999年医院门诊人群高血压抽样调查 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 表明,对门诊高血压患者的危险度评估中,如果只注意血压水平,是很不够的,会明显低估危险度,必须全面评估其他危险因素,才能作出正确的判断.ProblemsWithaStrategyBasedonAbsoluteCardiovascularRiskF.OlafSimpson/JournalofHypertension1996,Vol14No6TheproposedNewZealandguidelines:the10-yearabsoluteCVDriskstrategyConsequencesofthe10-yearabsolute-riskstrategyPossibleage-relatedmodificationsofthe10-yearabsolute-riskstrategyProblemsraisedbyinclusionofotherriskfactorsinthecalculationsProblemsincalculationoftheexpectedgainsfromantihypertensivetherapyProblemsincalculationsofCVDriskfromraisedbloodpressureArticle1Cardiovascularriskevaluation：aninexactscience（1）Failuretoconsiderthefullriskofthe‘metabolicsyndrome’incurrentguidelinesFailuretoappreciatethetotalbenefitofantihypertensivetherapyExcessiveweightingofadvancedageintheassessmentofcardiovascularriskHowaccurateiscurrentriskassessmentforuncomplicatedmildhypertension?Althoughtheabsoluteriskassessmentmethodsmaylacksufficientsensitivity,theystillrepresentanimprovementoverthatonlythelevelofbloodpressureandpriorcardiovasculardiseasewererelevanttotherapeutic-decisionmaking.Todate,cardiovascularriskevaluationisaninexactscience.Cardiovascularriskevaluation：aninexactscience（2）Enhancingriskstratificationinhypertensivesubjects:Howfarshouldwegoinroutinescreeningfortargetorgandamage?First,itappearstimelytoincludethesearchformicroalbuminuriaasaroutinecomponentofthework-upofallhypertensivepatientsworldwide;Second,itseemsreasonabletorecommendthatthesearchfortargetorgandamageshouldextendtocardiacandcarotidultrasoundforhighriskandveryhighriskhypertensivesubjects.PharmacologicalTreatmentofHypertensionJDSwales/TheLancetVol344.Aug.6,1994BenefitsoftreatmentTreatmentofseverehypertensionMildtomoderatehypertensionDefiningthehigh-riskpatientValueofrepeatedmeasurementsSystolichypertensionTargetbloodpressureSelectionoftherapyArticle2血压水平为正常高值SBP130-139或DBP85-89mmHg（多次测量）其它危险因素、靶器官损害（肾）糖尿病、高血压关联临床状况生活方式改变、纠正其它危险因素或疾病绝对危险分层药物治疗药物治疗经常监测无需干预BP极高危高危中危低危(ESH/ESC/ISH--2003）血压水平为I-II级高血压SBP140-179或DBP90-109mmHg其它危险因素、靶器官损害（肾）糖尿病、高血压关联临床状况生活方式改变、纠正其它危险因素或疾病危险分层极高危高危中危低危BP140/90BP<140/90药物治疗继续监测及时药物治疗及时药物治疗监测（BP/RF)至少3个月监测(BP/RF)3-12个月SBP140-159BP<140/90DBP90-99考虑药物治疗继续监测(ESH/ESC/ISH--2003）内容提要关于血压水平的定义和分类关于危险度分层关于卫生经济学关于联合用药问题InterventionsevaluatedNon-personalinterventionsN1通过强制性 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 使企业限盐N2全民限盐条例N3大众传媒的健康宣传N4N2&N3的综合干预PersonalinterventionsP1&P2基于抗高血压的个体治疗和教育(P1:SBP>160mmHg或P2:SBP>140mmHg)P3&P4高胆固醇的个体治疗和教育(P3:TC>6.2mmol/L或P4:TC>5.7mmol/L)P5收缩期高血压和胆固醇个体治疗和健康教育(P2+P3)P6toP9高危人群管理(35%,25%,15%,5%)Combinedpersonalandnon-personalintervention(C1toC4)P6toP9+N4谢谢大家