肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院

Chapter3Myology肌学Section1Generaldescription泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室赵振美CompositionMusclebelly肌腹Tendon肌腱aponeurosis腱膜ClassificationLongmuscle长肌Shortmuscle短肌Flatmuscle扁肌Orbicularmuscle轮匝肌ⅠMorphologyandcompositionofskeletalmusclesⅡOrigin,insertionandactionofskeletalmusclesⅢSupplementarystructuresofmusclesFascia筋膜SuperficialfasciaDeepfasciaSynovialbursa滑膜囊Tendinoussheath腱鞘FibrouslayerSynoviallayer:Section2MusclesofheadⅠFacialmuscles面肌Epicranius颅顶肌(occipitofrontalis)枕额肌Frontalbelly额腹Occipitalbelly枕腹Galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜Orbicularisoculi眼轮匝肌Buccinator颊肌Orbicularisoris口轮匝肌帽状腱膜额腹ⅡMasticatorymusclesMasseter咬肌Origin－inferiorborderandmedialsurfaceofzygomaticarchInsertion－lateralsurfaceoframusofmandibleandangleofmandibleAction－elevatesmandibleTemporalis颞肌Origin－temporalfossaInsertion－coronoidprocessofmandibleAction－elevatesandretractsmandibleMedialpterygoid翼内肌Lateralpterygoid翼外肌咀嚼肌咀嚼肌Section3MusclesofneckⅠSuperficialgroupPlatysma颈阔肌Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌ⅡSuprahyoidmusclesDigastric二腹肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌Mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌Elevate(raise)hyoidboneanddepressmandible.ⅢInfrahyoidmusclesSternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid甲状舌骨肌DepresshyoidorlarynxafterelevationⅣDeepcervicalmusclesLateralScalenusanterior前斜角肌Scalenusmedius中斜角肌Scalenusposterior后斜角肌Scalenefissure斜角肌间隙Action：Mediallonguscapitis头长肌longuscolli颈长肌Flexthehead,bendstheneckforwardSection4MusclesoftrunkⅠMusclesofbackTrapezius斜方肌Latissimusdorsi背阔肌Erectorspinae竖脊肌Trapezius斜方肌Origin:superiornuchalline,externaloccipitalprotuberance,ligamentumnuchaeandspinousprocessesofseventhcervicalandallthoracicvertebraeInsertion:lateralthirdofclavicle,acromion,andspineofscapularyAction:upperfiberselevatescapula,lowerfibersdepressscapula;ifscapulaisfixed,onesideactingalong,drawsheadtowardthesameside,andturnfacetooppositeside;bothsidestogether,drawheaddirectlybackwardLatissimusdorsi背阔肌Origin:spinousprocessesoflowersixthoracicandalllumbarvertebrae,mediansacralcrest,andposteriorpartofiliaccrest.Insertion:crestoflessertubercleofhumerus.Action:trunkfixed,extends,adductsandmediallyrotatesarm;armfixed,elevatestrunk.ErectorspinaePosition:fillsthevertebralgrooveoneachsideofthespineAction:extendsvertebralcolumn(drawheadbackward)ⅡMusclesofthoraxⅠ)Thoracico-upper-limbmuscles胸上肢肌Ⅱ)Thoracicointrinsicmuscles胸固有肌Pectoralismajor胸大肌Origin:medialhalfofclavicle,sternum,1st-6thcostalcartilages.Insertion:crestofgreatertubercleofhumerus.Action:flexes,adductsandrotatesarmmedially;armfixed,elevatestrunk;elevatesribs1-6,aidinginforcedinspiration.Pectoralisminor胸小肌Serratusanterior前锯肌Ⅱ)ThoracicointrinsicmusclesIntercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalesinterni肋间内肌Intercostalesintimi肋间最内肌ⅢDiaphragm膈Shapeandposition:aperipheralmuscularpartandacentraltendonOpeningsinthediaphragmAortichiatus主动脉裂孔－liesanteriortothebodyofthe12ththoracicvertebrabetweenthecrura.Ittransmitstheaorta,thoracicductEsophagealhiatus食管裂孔－foresophagusandvagusnervesatlevelofT10.Venacavaforamen腔静脉孔－forinferiorvenacava,throughcentraltendonatT8levelActionⅣMusclesofabdomenAnterolateralgroupObliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌Inguinalligament腹股沟韧带Superficialinguinalring腹股沟管浅环Obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌Inguinalfalx腹股沟镰:Cremaster提睾肌:Transversusabdominis腹横肌Rectusabdominis腹直肌Intersections腱划Sheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘Lineaalba白线脐环2.PosteriorgroupQuadratuslumborum腰方肌Inguinalcanal腹股沟管Position:TwoopeningsSuperficialinguinalring腹股沟管浅环Deepinguinalring腹股沟管深环StructurespassingthroughtheinguinalcanalSpermaticcord精索Roundligamentofuterus子宫圆韧带TheSceneryofJiuzhaiValleyinSichuan