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石蛙人工养殖技术石蛙人工养殖技术 石蛙养殖看似简单,实际上成功率不高,常使初养者吃尽苦头。南方诸省近年来在石蛙人工饲养方面做过不少尝试,但是真正成功并取得明显经济效益的比较少;主要原因是石蛙的生长条件比较特殊,对环境要求较高,如果没有把其生长规律弄清楚,很难养殖成功。下面列出近年来一此养殖户在养殖过程中总结出的一些规律和经验。 1.石蛙属于流水生活型。常栖于山区水流较缓的小溪内或在流溪的迥水坑内,溪的两岸植被丰富。它们很少离开水域,体色常与它们的居住环境相适应。第二性征向着强烈地拥抱方式发展,雄性体大,前肢极为粗壮,婚刺也极发...

石蛙人工养殖技术
石蛙人工养殖技术 石蛙养殖看似简单,实际上成功率不高,常使初养者吃尽苦头。南方诸省近年来在石蛙人工饲养方面做过不少尝试,但是真正成功并取得明显经济效益的比较少;主要原因是石蛙的生长条件比较特殊,对环境要求较高,如果没有把其生长规律弄清楚,很难养殖成功。下面列出近年来一此养殖户在养殖过程中总结出的一些规律和经验。 1.石蛙属于流水生活型。常栖于山区水流较缓的小溪内或在流溪的迥水坑内,溪的两岸植被丰富。它们很少离开水域,体色常与它们的居住环境相适应。第二性征向着强烈地拥抱方式发展,雄性体大,前肢极为粗壮,婚刺也极发达,这些特点与繁殖特性有很大的关系,产卵时,雌雄必须将卵产在流水所冲击的溪边,交配时雄性强有力地拥抱着雌性,并借助于腹部的棘加强雄性的固着力,使它们不为水流所冲散。石蛙具内声囊,发声低浊而大,雄性叫声为“咕咕咕”雌性以“咔咔咔”声相应。石蛙有群居和夜间觅食的习性,往往几只或几十只堆在一起共栖一处,在安静适宜的环境中,石蛙白天也出穴觅食,夜间是活动的盛期。石蛙善跳和攀爬,平时活动较弱、平稳,在繁殖盛期,活动频繁,具有鸣叫和抱对等行为。 石蛙喜食活动的动物,一般不食死的或不动的食物,在自然状态下,石蛙的食性广泛,除昆虫、蜈蚣、蜘蛛、马陆、蜗牛、螺、蚬、蚯蚓、虾外还捕食蟹、杂鱼、泥鳅、幼蛇和小型鸟类。不同地区的石蛙,由于环境所能提供的饵料不同食性亦有差异。石蛙在自然界中一般吞食量为其体重的9%,有时达到12.8%。 蝌蚪:石蛙蝌蚪有时取食溪边水草或水底的水绵,它们使用角齿啃食,把柔软的植物组织啃下来食用。蝌蚪所啃食种类有植物性的小环藻、丝藻、水绵、苔藓、硅藻、甲藻、金鱼藻及植物碎屑;动物性有草履虫、纤毛虫、水蚤、轮虫等。有人还发现石蛙蝌蚪以刮起水中石块的附生植物,水域中的浮游生物、落入水中的植物嫩叶或溪中的动物尸体为食。有时还啮食死亡的同类。 石蛙是变温动物,没有调节体温和保温能力,其体温随外界温度变化而变化,石蛙适宜的生长温度为18,26?,最适温度24,25?,春秋两季是其活动最频繁、摄食量最大、生长最迅速的季节,4,6月、 8,9月是繁殖后代的最好时期,当水温超过30?,摄食活动减少。当水温降至12?,蛙代谢很弱,进入冬眠,冬眠时,蛙双眼紧闭,不食不动,靠脂肪体来维持生命活动,对外界刺激不作出反应,冬眠期若水温上升到适宜的温度,蛙就会再出现活动。石蛙成蛙的致死高温在31?左右,不同季节有所变化。石蛙亦能忍受长期的0?环境,但水不能结冰,冰封缺氧导致石蛙死亡。 石蛙卵常产于水流平缓浅水处,附着在石块、水生植物体上,卵外的胶质膜遇水膨胀变厚,粘性强,相连成索状或葡萄串状,有时长达20厘米左右。卵的直径一般为4毫米,最大可达5毫米,根据水温的不同蛙卵通常在8,15天后,孵化成蝌蚪,蝌蚪喜生活在溪水坑内的大石逢内或碎石堆中,蝌蚪在适宜的环境中,一般经50,78天的生长,变态成幼蛙。 石蛙的饵料 石蛙的饵料主要是蚯蚓、黄粉虫、蝇蛆等。有关它们的养殖方法在很多书本上都有介绍,在此不再赘述。 3 石蛙池的建设 野生石蛙常年栖息于阴凉的山溪水沟边或有瀑布的石洞附近,其生活环境要求水流充足,阴advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 凉,潮湿,水质清新,喜群栖于石穴之中。生长发育、配种、繁衍后代长期处于野生状态。人工驯养石蛙,由野生变为家养,生活环境等方面都发生了巨大的变化,石蛙进行人工饲养,对蛙池必须采取合理的 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ,使蛙池既要近似于自然环境,又要便于人工管理。 3.1 养殖场址的选择 环境的好坏直接影响石蛙的生长发育和繁殖,蛙池不受地点的限制,一般来说养殖场地宜选择在水质良好、排灌方便、环境安静、冬暖夏凉、不旱不涝、管理方便、防逃防害的地方。养蛙池可建在室内或室外,室内要求通风,凉爽,无太阳光直射,室外可设凉棚,下建蛙池,因陋就简地在室内,庭院内或野外建池,都是石蛙良好的生活场所。3.2 蛙池的规格要求人工养殖石蛙一般采取精养,建池时应注意尽可能符合蛙的生活习性,供有水、陆、石穴、喂食等条件,创造一个良好的生活环境条件,而且又要便于饲养管理。 3.2.1 种蛙池 面积一般为4,10平方米为宜,池高0.8米,池内水深0.1,0.15米,池内水陆面积比为 3?1,并设有栖息的石穴,池底铺有较大的鹅卵石,光线阴暗,湿度保持80%,造就一个理想的石蛙栖息的生态环境,促其生长发育,从而提高产卵率和受精率。 3.2.2 孵化池 面积1平方米,池高 0.5米,水深15,20厘米,水质清新,pH6,8,并含充足的氧气即可。也可以用长椭圆形的大脸盆代替。 3.2.3 蝌蚪池 面积 3,4平方米,池高0.8米,水深3,10厘米,pH6,7,水陆比2?1,需遮光饲养,每池饲养一群同样规格的蝌蚪为好。 3.2.4 幼蛙池 面积4,6平方米,池高 0.8米,水深一般10,15厘米,水陆比2?1,池内铺设 3,5厘米的小石子,筑有石穴,水质好,pH值6,7.5。 各类蛙池池形以长方形为好,池底略为倾斜,排水孔在最低处使池水能被彻底排干,池内设水面、陆地、石穴、食台等物,池上口设网盖,以防蛙跳潜逃,敌害生物侵袭。进水管安装在池的上边,靠近网盖的下方。新建池不可立即使用,用消毒液消毒(除去碱性),用水浸洗多次,方可养蛙。 4 石蛙的人工繁殖技术 4.1 种蛙的选择 石蛙的产卵孵化季节在4,9月,5,6月是产卵高峰期。要提高产卵率、孵化率,必须从种蛙冬眠复苏开始,做好种蛙的选择和配种、产卵、孵化等准备工作。 选择种蛙是搞好人工繁殖的基础,在冬眠之后,春繁之前对成蛙作全面检查分类,选择个体较大、身体健壮、皮肤光滑、发育良好、无残疾,无破损,达到性成熟的成蛙留作种用。一般二龄蛙,雌蛙体重达200克以上,雄蛙250克以上就可作种用。初产蛙卵较少,产过1,2次的蛙产卵量较高,质量较好。个体大的老龄蛙产卵量多,但质量不好,受精率不高,一般不应选作种蛙。雄蛙要求健壮、善跳、皮光腿壮;雌蛙要求腿短粗、腹鼓、皮光亮。2,3 龄种蛙繁殖力较强。4.2 种蛙的培育 气温、水温、水质、光照、饵料、环境条件对蛙的健康、繁殖影响极大,生存环境好坏,直接影响配种、产卵率、受精率、孵化率和蝌蚪的成活advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 率。根据石蛙习性,种蛙池应建在安静、弱光处,池高 0.8m,面积4,10m2。池底铺垫鹅卵石和石块构成的石穴,利于种蛙栖息产卵。池内水陆面积3?1,要求池水容量相对稳定,水深15cm左右,水质清新,pH值6,8,无有害寄生虫。一般在采食旺季每天换水一次,采食淡季,每间隔2,3天换水一次。每平方米放种蛙15只,按雌雄1?1比例进行群养,选留的种蛙在冬眠前或春繁前必须做好群养放养准备。 准备选留作种的蛙在冬眠前应加强饲养,使之膘厚体壮,保证安全越冬。种蛙培育除要求具备适宜的环境条件之外,还必须保证有充足的饲料供应。种蛙以蚯蚓、黄粉虫、飞蛾、蝇蛆和其他昆虫等动物性饵料为主,摄食量5,9月最大,发情期间减少,产卵后期增大。饲料供应以采食后略有剩余为宜,每天投喂量保持均衡。不可忽多忽少,依具体情况,酌情增减,投料时间一般在傍晚(依太阳刚要下山时为准),每天一次,定点投饲。 4.3 配种和产卵 石蛙冬眠后,卵泡迅速发育,通常到4月份、水温15?、气温20?以上时开始配种产卵,9月底结束。配种雌雄比例为1?1, 种蛙池的放养密度为每平方米15只。雄蛙叫声“咕咕咕”,雌蛙以“咔咔咔”、“咔咔”声应和,种蛙一般在夜间21时后抱对,拥抱刺激对配种母蛙是必要的,配种母蛙一般于清晨4,7时排卵,有些延至9,10时,产出卵块通常粘附在石块池壁上,一般每次产卵约600粒,高的可达1000,2000粒,卵粒圆球形, 外胶质膜将卵粒粘连在一起。产出的卵在1小时之内尽可能不要搅动, 以免卵块破碎,降低孵化率。在种蛙配种产卵时,要造成一个光线暗淡、幽静、水质清新、水位稳定的环境。 4.4 人工孵化 石蛙卵呈球形,类似鱼眼,卵直径约4mm,卵外层胶质膜呈圆形,卵产出落水后,胶质膜吸水即膨大,卵胶质膜彼此相连成卵块,呈葡萄状,卵块吸附在产卵池内的石块、水草或池壁上。未受精的卵3天后动物极明显变黄,植物极白色不透明。胚胎发育时期,胚胎对外界变化十分敏感,这个时期要求环境生态条件稳定,避免阳光直射,人工捞取受精卵操作时必须仔细、轻缓,否则就会降低孵化率。在孵化过程中,水要清洁,水温18,28?,pH值中性为宜,同一窝卵不可分开孵化。 根据石蛙人工孵化试验观察,石蛙卵的动物极呈黑色,植物极呈白色。蛙卵在18?水温下孵化,第五天可见受精卵动物极黑点变长呈线状,第七天胚胎呈条状,一端大、一端小,第八天胚胎明显显示头和尾、蝌蚪成形,并且会晃动,第十天就有少许蝌蚪孵化出膜,第十三天有75%孵出,第十五天全部孵出, 孵化率达85.3%。如果孵化水温为25,29?时,孵化时间只需7,8天,孵化率达85%。蛙卵在整个孵化过程中如果做到温度适宜、 水质无污染等技术要求,其孵化率就可达90%以上。在水温适宜时孵化率的高低,主要取决于水质和水中的溶氧量,水质越好,溶氧量高,孵化率可达100%。在繁殖季节,每天早晨巡池1次,母蛙排卵1小时后应将卵块取出,采卵时注意保持卵块的完整性。取出的卵轻轻放于事先准备好的孵化池中进行孵化,动物极朝上(即有黑色的一端),植物极朝下,孵化过程中除防止天敌侵害外,还应严格掌握孵化的生态条件,包括水温、水深、水质等要求,水温30?以下,水深15cm左右,pH值6,8,水质清新无污染,并含充足的溶氧,光照自然即可,但忌阳光直射。25,26?的水温对孵化非常有利,时间短,孵化率高,温度再往上升,孵化率则下降,30?以上基本孵不出蝌蚪来。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 5 石蛙蝌蚪与幼蛙的饲养管理 石蛙的蝌蚪对外界环境及敌害的适应能力和抵抗能力较差,稍不注意,就会造成很大损失。石蛙的幼蛙,是蝌蚪经过十多天的停食变态而成。变态后的小幼蛙,身体虚弱,对环境十分敏感,特别是在头10天里,其肺和消化道都非常脆弱。因此,饲养管理水平高低是影响其成活率生长率的关键。 5.1 蝌蚪饲养管理技术 石蛙在人工饲养条件下,母蛙产卵后,其卵经人工孵化一般8, 15天可以孵出小蝌蚪。小蝌蚪孵出后身体呈棕黄色,体部长0.6,0.8cm,尾长1cm左右,呈鼓锤状,通常吸附在池底和卵膜上,很少活动,也不觅食。三天后活动量增加,并开始觅食。根据试验观察,可把蝌蚪生长发育过程分为:初期、前期、中期、后期四个阶段。蝌蚪各个时期的生长特点和对饲养管理的要求是各不相同的。 5.1.1 生长初期(1,10天) 蝌蚪孵出三天内不觅食,依靠从卵黄中带来的营养维持生命,过早喂食反而导致其死亡。三天后蝌蚪的活动量明显增加,两鳃盖完全形成时开始觅食,按每万尾蝌蚪投喂一个蛋黄的标准定时投喂,并适当加入一些水中天然浮游生物,如水蚤、藻类。刚孵出的蝌蚪,身体弱小,对外界环境敏感,特别是水温、水质、光照。当水温低于20?或高于30?,水中溶氧不足,pH值高于 8或低于 6 时都会影响小蝌蚪的生长,甚至造成死亡。因此, 在水质管理上要求:细水常流,清新无污染,水温保持在20,29?,pH值6,8。 随着外界温度的变化,及时调整水的深度,一般以10,15cm为好,每天换一次池水。光照以室内自然光或室外凉棚下漫射光即可,应避免阳光直接照射,小蝌蚪经过10天的生长发育,体长可长到1,1.5cm。 5.1.2 生长前期(10,20天) 小蝌蚪10天以后,其食量增大,生长发育加快,蝌蚪开始寻找新的食物,但其消化功能仍然不强,此时饲养的好坏直接影响到蝌蚪的成活率。因此,在饲养上必须补充饵料,以满足其生长发育的需要,主要以营养丰富的糊汁饵料为主,如蛋黄、玉米粉、4号粉,并辅以细嫩藻类植物等。饵料投放时间白天或晚上均可,每天1次,但要定时。投饲量一般每1500尾蝌蚪每天投喂一个蛋黄。通过精心饲养,蝌蚪到20日龄时,体长可达2cm,体色变为淡棕色,背部有乳白色的花纹,身体与尾部交界处有明显的黑色V字型花纹。10,20日龄的蝌蚪在管理上要求保持池水清洁,以防止中毒,做到每天换一次池水,水的深度以10,20cm为宜,同时池水应避免太阳光直射。 5.1.3 生长中期(20,50天) 此时蝌蚪的消化功能不断增强,为促进蝌蚪消化道的尽快发育,适应两栖类某一特定蝌蚪期“食草性”的生物特性,20日龄后蝌蚪除投饲糊汁饵料外,应投喂植物性饲料和藻类植物,如浮萍。这一时期蝌蚪的饲养管理比较简单,开始以植物性饵料为主,动物性饵料为辅,逐渐过渡到以动物性饵料为主,动物性饵料的增加会加速蝌蚪的变态,植物性饵料则能促进其个体长大,故平时应混合饲喂。管理上要注意保证池水清洁,不受污染,每天清除池内饵料残渣。饲养密度以每平方米300,500尾为宜,这样蝌蚪就能正常生长发育,到50日龄时,advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 有些蝌蚪长出后脚。到这一时期蝌蚪成活率可达95%,如果水温偏低,该期的时间将会更长。 5.1.4 生长后期(50,78天) 这一时期是蝌蚪转化为幼蛙的关键时期,蝌蚪在此期要长出后肢和前肢,并且由水生转化为水陆两栖。50日龄左右,体长达4cm以上,长出后肢,后肢长出后约2周(65日龄)开始长前肢,前肢长出后,尾部开始被吸收,此时石蛙蝌蚪就停止觅食进入变态期。这一时期在饲养上除投饲足够的饲料外,还要添加少量的动物性的活饵饲料。在管理上做到:分级饲养,水浅清新(浅水区只有3cm左右的水位),水陆各半,登陆方便,光线暗淡,环境幽静。蝌蚪进入变态期到变态完成需10天左右,进入变态期的蝌蚪变态率可达95%左右。 5.1.5 蝌蚪应分级饲养,同一日龄蝌蚪按个体大小不同进行分级,每月1次,以利于统一投饲管理。合理掌握饲养密度,在分级过程中进行分群、组合,以同级个体适当的密度,进行分池饲养。饲料要品种多样、优质,正确掌握好合理的投饲量,不可过少过多,每天定点投喂一次,每次投喂量均衡,随日龄增长而逐渐适当增加。在蝌蚪采食旺季,或变态前后,应更严格做好投喂管理工作,以防各种疾病的发生或因环境条件的不适而带来不必要的损失。早期孵化的蝌蚪应加强饲养,促其当年变态;晚期孵化的蝌蚪应合理控制饲喂量,不使其当年变态,让蝌蚪越冬,以降低死亡率。 蝌蚪生长发育后,变态的时间受繁殖孵化季节和外界气温的影响极大,一般4,7月份产卵孵化的蝌蚪在7,9三个月中可以变态,8,9月份以后繁殖孵化的蝌蚪要经过越冬,到第二年4月份以后才能变态成幼蛙。 如果您也想养石蛙,那得给您提个醒,从受精卵到蝌蚪的生长初期、前期、中期和后期以及幼蛙、成年蛙,最关键的是水质的问题。近年来石蛙的野生资源遭到人为的严重破坏,石蛙人工养殖的成功,既保护了生态环境,又饱了人们的口福。 石蛙养殖中的几个关键 石蛙学名棘胸蛙又名石蛙、石鸡,属两栖类蛙科动物,分布在我国的浙江、安徽、江西、福建等省,是我国最大的食用蛙,其腿肥壮,肉质鲜美,清凉滋补,富含高蛋白和多种维生素,其综合营养可与甲鱼媲美。据《本草纲目》记载石蛙具有滋补强身、清心润肺、滋阴降火、健肝胃、补虚损、解热毒、化毒疮等功效,尤为适宜病后身体虚弱、心烦口燥者食用,主治小儿痨瘦、疳疾。 由于人们过度捕捉和生态环境不断恶化,造成野生石蛙日趋减少。为了保护石蛙野生资源,同时又开发这一传统名特珍品,满足市场需求,各地进行了养殖繁育研究,并取得了一定的成果。现将石蛙养殖中几个关键技术介绍如下: 1 适宜的养殖环境 选择水源充足无污染,环境清幽的山区建造养殖场,模拟野生石蛙生态环境建造,以适宜石蛙的生长。要求有适宜石蛙栖息、摄食、繁殖等一系列的外部环境条件。 2、培育充足饵料 石蛙的食物包括动物性饵料和植物性饵料资源,以动物性饵料为主,有水生昆虫、虾、蟹、枝角类、桡足类等,植物组成有藻类、苔藓、蕨类植物及高等植物的叶片。人工养殖条advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 件下以蝇蛆、黄粉虫、蚯蚓等动物性饲料为主要饵料。并通过人工培育的方法获得,因而,必须培育充足饵料,以满足石蛙生长需求。 3 控制合理的养殖温度 据报导,水温对石蛙卵的出苗率影响很大,2l,23?是其最适宜的孵化水温,当水温高于25? ,石蛙孵化开始出现畸形苗,32?是其孵化的致死水温。因此,夏季卵孵化时,应增大水的流量,也增加了溶氧量。 石蛙生长水温为12,29?,最适温度为18,22?,气温超过37?时,要加深水位,水深保持10?20cm,采取活水饲养,加强防暑降温,水池、饲料台应定期进行消毒,特别是盛夏高温季节,石蛙活动摄食旺盛,更应做好防暑和消毒预防工作,以减少疾病的发生。 4、注意石蛙的病害防治 病害防治 应以预防为主,发现病蛙应及时隔离治疗。主要病害有细菌性败血症(红腿病)、烂皮蛙(维生素缺乏综合症)、肠胃病和寄生虫病等。可用10PPM高锰酸钾浸泡,诺氟沙星、磺胺类及其他消炎抗菌类药物拌饵内服的方法来防治。 石蛙的人工繁殖技术 ? 种蛙的选择 石蛙的产卵孵化季节在4,9月,5,6月是产卵高峰期。要提高产卵率、孵化率,必须从种蛙冬眠复苏开始,做好种蛙的选择和配种、产卵、孵化等准备工作。 选择种蛙是搞好人工繁殖的基础,在冬眠之后,春繁之前对成蛙作全面检查分类,选择个体较大、身体健壮、皮肤光滑、发育良好、无残疾,无破损,达到性成熟的成蛙留作种用。一般二龄蛙,雌蛙体重达200克以上,雄蛙250克以上就可作种用。初产蛙卵较少,产过1,2次的蛙产卵量较高,质量较好。个体大的老龄蛙产卵量多,但质量不好,受精率不高,一般不应选作种蛙。雄蛙要求健壮、善跳、皮光腿壮;雌蛙要求腿短粗、腹鼓、皮光亮。2,3 龄种蛙繁殖力较强。 ? 种蛙的培育 气温、水温、水质、光照、饵料、环境条件对蛙的健康、繁殖影响极大,生存环境好坏,直接影响配种、产卵率、受精率、孵化率和蝌蚪的成活率。根据石蛙习性,种蛙池应建在安静、弱光处,池高 0.8m,面积4,10m2。池底铺垫鹅卵石和石块构成的石穴,利于种蛙栖息产卵。池内水陆面积3?1,要求池水容量相对稳定,水深15cm左右,水质清新,pH值6,8,无有害寄生虫。一般在采食旺季每天换水一次,采食淡季,每间隔2,3天换水一次。每平方米放种蛙15只,按雌雄1?1比例进行群养,选留的种蛙在冬眠前或春繁前必须做好群养放养准备。 准备选留作种的蛙在冬眠前应加强饲养,使之膘厚体壮,保证安全越冬。种蛙培育除要求具备适宜的环境条件之外,还必须保证有充足的饲料供应。种蛙以蚯蚓、黄粉虫、飞蛾、蝇蛆和其他昆虫等动物性饵料为主,摄食量5,9月最大,发情期间减少,产卵后期增大。饲料供应以采食后略有剩余为宜,每天投喂量保持均衡。不可忽多忽少,依具体情况,酌情增减,投料时间一般在傍晚(依太阳刚要下山时为准),每天一次,定点投饲。 ? 配种和产卵 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts 石蛙冬眠后,卵泡迅速发育,通常到4月份、水温15?、气温20?以上时开始配种产卵,9月底结束。配种雌雄比例为1?1, 种蛙池的放养密度为每平方米15只。雄蛙叫声“咕咕咕”,雌蛙以“咔咔咔”、“咔咔”声应和,种蛙一般在夜间21时后抱对,拥抱刺激对配种母蛙是必要的,配种母蛙一般于清晨4,7时排卵,有些延至9,10时,产出卵块通常粘附在石块池壁上,一般每次产卵约600粒,高的可达1000,2000粒,卵粒圆球形, 外胶质膜将卵粒粘连在一起。产出的卵在1小时之内尽可能不要搅动, 以免卵块破碎,降低孵化率。在种蛙配种产卵时,要造成一个光线暗淡、幽静、水质清新、水位稳定的环境。 ? 人工孵化 石蛙卵呈球形,类似鱼眼,卵直径约4mm,卵外层胶质膜呈圆形,卵产出落水后,胶质膜吸水即膨大,卵胶质膜彼此相连成卵块,呈葡萄状,卵块吸附在产卵池内的石块、水草或池壁上。未受精的卵3天后动物极明显变黄,植物极白色不透明。胚胎发育时期,胚胎对外界变化十分敏感,这个时期要求环境生态条件稳定,避免阳光直射,人工捞取受精卵操作时必须仔细、轻缓,否则就会降低孵化率。在孵化过程中,水要清洁,水温18,28?,pH值中性为宜,同一窝卵不可分开孵化。 根据石蛙人工孵化试验观察,石蛙卵的动物极呈黑色,植物极呈白色。蛙卵在18?水温下孵化,第五天可见受精卵动物极黑点变长呈线状,第七天胚胎呈条状,一端大、一端小,第八天胚胎明显显示头和尾、蝌蚪成形,并且会晃动,第十天就有少许蝌蚪孵化出膜,第十三天有75%孵出,第十五天全部孵出, 孵化率达85.3%。如果孵化水温为25,29?时,孵化时间只需7,8天,孵化率达85%。蛙卵在整个孵化过程中如果做到温度适宜、 水质无污染等技术要求,其孵化率就可达90%以上。在水温适宜时孵化率的高低,主要取决于水质和水中的溶氧量,水质越好,溶氧量高,孵化率可达100%。 在繁殖季节,每天早晨巡池1次,母蛙排卵1小时后应将卵块取出,采卵时注意保持卵块的完整性。取出的卵轻轻放于事先准备好的孵化池中进行孵化,动物极朝上(即有黑色的一端),植物极朝下,孵化过程中除防止天敌侵害外,还应严格掌握孵化的生态条件,包括水温、水深、水质等要求,水温30?以下,水深15cm左右,pH值6,8,水质清新无污染,并含充足的溶氧,光照自然即可,但忌阳光直射。25,26?的水温对孵化非常有利,时间短,孵化率高,温度再往上升,孵化率则下降,30?以上基本孵不出蝌蚪来。 石蛙养殖前景分析 石蛙学名棘胸蛙,又名石鸡、山蛙。是我国华南丘陵山区名贵的水产 品。石蛙具有特异的生物学特性,在野生自然状态下,喜欢在潮湿、安静、少光、 近水流、阴凉的山岩石壁下穴居,平时常伏于石穴洞口,并常共栖一处。其夜晚活 动旺盛,大多是在晚间四出觅食。 一、养殖价值 石蛙肉质细嫩鲜美,营养丰富,且有清热解毒、滋补身体等 功效,据说还有抗癌作用,食用价值及医用价值均非一般。 二、生物学特征 石蛙具有食活性、冬眠性、繁殖能力强等特点。 ,、食活性:石蛙喜欢吃活体动物性饵料,不食或少食死的动物体及其它不 会动的饲料。因它的视觉特殊,只能看到会动的饲料。喜食的动物体饲料有:蚯蚓 、黄粉虫、蝇蛆、泥鳅、小鱼虾及其它昆虫。蝌蚪则喜食嫩绿的水生藻类植物。 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts ,、冬眠性:石蛙有冬眠习性,当外界气温降至,,?以下时,便停止摄食 ,进入冬眠状态。在长江以南气候条件下,冬眠期,个月左右,一般在,,月中下 旬开始冬眠至,月中下旬。此期间不需投喂饲料,只要保持水质清新即可。石蛙成 体与蝌蚪的抗寒力较强,冬天水温保持在,?以上即可安全越冬,夏天水温不超过 ,,?即可安全度夏。生长旺盛的适宜水温在,,?—,,?。如室内工厂化养殖 ,采用人工控温措施,可延长旺盛生长期,缩短冬眠期,加速石蛙生长速度。 ,、繁殖能力强。在正常管理条件下,体重,,,克以上的种蛙年可产卵两 次,主要集中在,—,月和,—,月。每次每对排卵量可达,,,,—,,,,粒 。卵为粘性卵,卵大膜薄,多呈片状粘附于石块或水池的侧壁上,经,,—,,天 孵化即成蝌蚪,孵化率可达,,,以上,蝌蚪变幼蛙率在,,,左右。如水质良发 的地方,每平方米可饲养蝌蚪,,,,尾左右,幼蛙,,,—,,,只左右,成蛙 ,,—,,只。一个专职养殖人员可负责,,,平方米左右养殖池的各项工作。 三、市场前景 人工养殖石蛙整套技术刚在近年研究成熟,目前国内正在 起步阶段,加之种源及技术推广和养殖条件等局限性,近年内难以形成一定的生产 规模,更不可能出现一哄而上,供过于求的情况。随着市场需求量的增大,野生资 源的日趋枯竭,求大于供的矛盾日益增大。为此,引进、掌握成熟的人工养殖技术 ,尽快形成养殖规模,抓住时机,先行一步可获得较好的经济效益 advantages, facing the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong peninsula, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, targeted investment promotion several times. Industry-led unit and various town streets are developing detailed promotion plans, the basis of what is specific to each industry, has formed a kind of scale, need to bring in the kind of projects each town street has the kind of resources, what location, focus on the development of the kind of industries. Four stroke technology and science. Determinants of technology is the County's economic development through scientific and technological innovation, improve product value-added and improve economic competitiveness, is the inevitable way to achieve leapfrog development. Talent is the city center city's first resource, is the primary industry development, and revitalization of the social protection. So, in terms of skills: to catch ... Competitive. Encouraging enterprises to actively undertake science and technology projects, strengthening research cooperation, using advanced technology to increase the added value of their products to ensure that introduction of transforming scientific and technological achievements during the year ... ... New research enterprises ... ... Home, creating innovative platforms ... ... Generic classifier. In: first, we must strengthen the cultivation of talent, efforts to increase vocational education and training and meet the basic demand of enterprise development. Then introduced a number of the county needed scarce education, health professionals, meet social development needs to invest more in machinery, pharmaceutical manufacturing research and development in higher education, such as the introduction of talent to meet the need. Third, we must rely on ... ... Post-doctoral workstation, ... ... Food research station platform, to the XX University to find experts
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