[初二英语]初二英语下册语法

[初二英语]初二英语下册语法 人教版初二英语下册语法 ?现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 常和now 连用，有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。 *Look! A train is coming .看，火车来了。 *Listen! He is playing the piano.听，他在弹琴。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作 但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。 *What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了,(说话时并不在学) 3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 或安排要进行的动作 即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep *Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗? *How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会, 三、一般将来时 ?一般将来时 1.be going to+ 动词原形~ 对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形的句型来表示。 因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语。 1.肯定句:主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形 I am going to play football next Sunday. 下周日我打算踢足球。 ?He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界。 ?They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面。 ?It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.否定句:主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形 We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们不上课。 ?I’m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师。 ?He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。 3.疑问句:Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形 ?Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了，打算当 一名医生吗, Yes, I am. 是的，我打算当。 No, I’m not. 不，我不打算当。 will 同be going to 的用法相同 以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如: this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/ tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening , the day after tomorrow / next week , next Wednesday / next month, next September / next year. ? ―be going to + 动词原形‖ 表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作，常和this afternoon (今天下午)，this evening = tonight (今晚)，tomorrow (明天)，tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) (明早，午，晚)，the day after tomorrow(后天)，next Sunday (下个星期天)， next week (下周)， next month (下个月)， next year (明年)等的时间状语连用，前不加任何介词。另外，动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。 四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1(比较级: 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。 e.g. ? Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。 ? I’m a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。 2(最高级:句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级，其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语。在句子中，形容词最高级前必须加 the。 e.g. ? The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。 ? Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? ?形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词有三种等级:原级、比较级、最高级。 3(原级:句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。 e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 (一个人不作比较。) ? 形容词比较级和最高级的构成: 1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级，加est构成最高级。 e.g. small smaller smallest young younger youngest 2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词，直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最 高级。 e.g. nice nicer nicest late later latest 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词，变y为i ，再加er 或est, 构成比 较级和最高级。 e.g. busy busier busiest heavy heavier heaviest 4.在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个 辅音字母，再加er或est， 构成比较级和最高级。 e.g. hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest 5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。 e.g. good (well) better best bad (badly, ill) worse worst many (much) more most little less least far farther farthest 或 further furthest ? 副词的比较级和最高级: 1.以ly 结尾的副词，除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其余一 律在其前加more 和most。 如:carefully – more carefully – most carefully 2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如:fast – faster—fastest 3.个别词是不规则变化，需要特别记忆。 4.句子中，副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高 级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。 e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike? 五、提建议的表达方法、表示需要、询问方向、指点方向 ? 表示建议的基本句型 1. Shall I / we + 动词原形, 2. Why don’t you + 动词原形 = Why not + 动词原形 3. Let’s + 动词原形 4. What/ How about + doing sth. ? 表示需要的基本句型 1.表示需要用need。 它可当情态动词和行为动词用。 e.g. ? We need your help.(行为动词) 我们需要你的帮助。 ? They need finish reading the book today. (情态动词) 他们需要今天看完这本书。 2.询问方向，主要有以下几种表达方式: ? Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽车站吗, ? Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽车站在哪里, ? Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽车站的路是那一条, ? How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽车站, 3.指点方向，主要有以下几种表达方式: ? Go / walk along the road / street. 沿着这条路/街走。 ? Take the first (second…) turning on the right / left. 在第一(二……)个路口向右/左转。 ? It’s next to (in front of , behind…) 它在……旁边(前面，后面……) ? It’s about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大约一百米处。 ? Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。 六、一般过去时 ?一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。 1.He walks to school. (一般现在时) 2.He walked to school. (一般过去时) 例如: 例1(中的动词walks时现在式, 由于主语是第三人称单数he， 因此原因的walk必须加上 ―s‖,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为―他现在经常步行上学‖。 例2(中的动词walked是过去式，过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式，所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时，例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间，这句可译为―他曾经步行上学‖。 ?be 动词的过去式 be 动词的过去时的句型如下: 肯定句: 主语 +be动词的过去式(was, were)~ 否定句: 主语 + be动词的过去式(was, were)+ not ~ 疑问句: be动词的过去式(was, were)+ 主语 ~, ?He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。 ?He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。 ?Was he busy yesterday? (疑问句) 他昨天忙吗, 1.be动词过去时的肯定句 Mike was in the United States last year. 麦克去年在美国。 比较be 动词的现在式和过去式: There is (are ) 的句型用于一般过去时需把is ，are 变为它们的过去式:There was (were) … 2.be动词过去式的否定句 He was not in Canada last year. 他去年不在加拿大。 be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样，只要在be动词过去式(was, were)后面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用缩写形式wasn’t 和 weren’t . ?I wasn’t busy the other day. 前几天我不忙。 3.be动词的过去时的疑问句(一般疑问句/特殊疑问句) Was it raining in Beijing yesterday? No, it wasn’t . I t was cloudy. 昨天北京下雨了吗,不，没下雨。昨天北京阴天。 be 动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样，只要把be 动词的过去式was, were 调到主语前面即可。 was (were ) + 主语 ~, 回答时，需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn’t (weren’t) ?Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空吗, Yes, he was . 是的，他有空。 No, he wasn’t . 不，他没空。 ?一般动词的过去时 一般动词过去式的基本句型如下: 肯定句: 主语+ 动词的过去式~ 否定句: 主语+ did not + 动词原形~ 疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形~, ?He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打网球了。 ?He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他没打网球。 ?Did he play tennis last week? (疑问句) 上周他打网球了吗, 1.一般动词过去式的肯定句 We had a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得很愉快。 He had a good time yesterday. 昨天他过得很高兴。 一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此，主语即使是单数、第三人称，也和其他人称一样变化。 ?I watched TV for an hour. 我看了一个小时的电视。 ?She studied Russian two years ago. 两年前他学俄语。 2.一般动词过去时的否定句 We did not have a good time yesterday. 昨天我们过得不好。 一般动词过去时的否定句的结构和一般现在时够定句的结构一样， 不论主语是第几人称，还是单、复数，在主语后面加上did not (而不是do not ,或 does not)就可以了。 否定式did not 常用缩写形式didn’t 。 ?He didn’t have classes this morning. 今天上午他没课. ?You didn’t do your best to do it. 你没有尽力去做。 3.一般动词过去时的疑问句 Did he go there? 他去那了吗, Yes, he did. (No, he didn’t .) 是的，他去了。 (不，他没去。) When did you get up this morning? At six. 今天早晨你几点钟起床的, 六点钟。 一般动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样，无论主语是第几人称，单数、复数，在主语前面加上did即可。 ?Did Tom go with you? 汤姆和你一起去的吗, Yes, he did . (No, he didn’t .) 是的。(不，不是的) ?How many subjects did you study last term? 上学期你们学习几门功课, We studied seven. 我们学习七门课。 比较一般动词的现在时和过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 肯定句 I go ~. He goes ~. I went ~. He went ~. 否定句 I don’t go ~. He doesn’t go ~. I didn’t go ~. He didn’t go ~. 疑问句 Do you go ~? Does he go ~ ? Did you go ~? Did he go ~? ?一般过去时的基本用法 1.带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时 如:yesterday (昨天) , two days ago(两天前), last year(去年)., the other day(前几天), once upon a time(过去曾经) , just now(刚才), in the old days(过去的日子里), before liberation(解放前), when I was 8 years old(当我八岁时). 2.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时 这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 ?The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 3.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。 常与always, never 等连用。 ?Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。) 试比较: ?Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 (说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。) ?I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒。) 4.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do ?He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了。) 5.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们要特别注意。 ?I didn’t know you were in Pairs. 我不知道你在巴黎。 (因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.) ?I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话前，我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病。) 七、反意疑问句 ?.反意疑问句 (Tag questions) 在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分(陈述句)之后用逗号，后一部分(简短问句)之后用问号。反意疑问句 的否定句必须用缩略形成，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问句时用升调。 反意疑问句分为两类: 1.前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。 2.前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定句。 ?陈述句(肯定式)，+ 疑问部分(否定式), 1.be 动词和一般动词(实意动词)构成的反意疑问句 be动词句型 现在…… ,isn’t (aren’t ) + 主语, 过去……, wasn’t (weren’t ) + 主语, 一般动词句型: 现在…… , don’t (doesn’t ) + 主语, 过去…… , didn’t + 主语, ?The pen is yours, isn’t it? 这笔是你的，不是吗, ?Lucy likes English, doesn’t she? 露西喜欢英语，不是吗, Yes, she does. 是的，她喜欢。 No, she doesn’t 不，她不喜欢。 2.情态动词的反意疑问句 ?Your brother can swim, can’t he? 你的哥哥会游泳，不是吗, Yes, he can. No, he can’t. ?We have to finish it, don’t we? 我们不得不完成它，不是吗, Yes, we do. No, we don’t. ?The workers had to take the first bus, didn’t they? 工人们不得不上头班车，不是吗, Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. ?陈述句(否定式)，+ 疑问句(肯定句), 这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样，只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 这部分的难点在于回答，回答和汉语习惯不同。 在这种问句中，先不要管yes和no ，按实际情况，如果答语是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定结构，如果答语是否定的，就要用No+ 否定结构 ?You aren’t a teacher, are you? 你不是老师，是吗, Yes, I am. 不，我是。 No, I am not. 是的，我不是。 ?You don’t study Chinese, do you? 你们不学中文，是吗, Yes, we do. 不，我们学中文。 ?Your classmates didn’t have a good time last summer, did they? 你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗, Yes, they did. 不，他们过得很好。 No, they didn’t. 是的，他们过的不好。 ?其他类型的反意疑问句 1.祈使句的反意疑问句 a(在肯定的祈使句后，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气，可加 一个简短的问句，如:Will you? would you? won’t you? can you ? could you ? can’t you?最常见的是will you ,或 won’t you? ?Open the window, will you? 请打开窗子，好吗, b.在let’s 祈使句后加上shall we? 或 shan’t we? 在let us (me , him…)后加上will you? 或won’t you? 2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意义的某些词，如:never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…,疑问部分必须用肯定 式。 3.陈述部分是there be 结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。 4.陈述句部分如果有everything, nothing …. 表示事物的词作主语时，疑问部分的主语用it ，陈述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone ….. 表示人的不定代词作主语时，疑问部分常用they (有时也用he). ?Everything here is dirty, isn’t it? 这的所有东西都脏，不是吗, 八、邀请和应答、请求许可 ?英语中表达请求允许的句型很多，在不同的场合要用不同的句式来表达。 1.常见表示―请求‖―允许‖的句式。 ? May I …? 我可以干……吗, ? Can / Could I … ? 我能干……吗, ? Shall I / we … ? 我/咱们干……好吗, ?Would you like / love to …? 你愿意干……吗, ?Will (would) you please…? 请你干……好吗, ?What / How about doing …? 干……怎么样, 2.常见―应答‖的句式: ?Yes, of course. 当然可以。 ?Sure/ Certainly. 当然可以。 ?That’s OK. / That’s all right. 好吧，行。 ?Yes, please. 好的，请(做吧)。 ?I’d love / like to. 很乐意。 ?With pleasure. 很乐意。 ?Good idea! 好主意。 3.表示―不允许‖的答语有: ?I’m sorry, but …… 对不起，不过…… ?I’m sorry , but …. 对不起,你不能。 ?You’d better not …. 你最好别…… ?I’m afraid I can’t. 恐怕我不行。 ?No, thanks. 不，谢谢。 初二英语课文全 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 一( Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? Section A 1a 知识点: 1.be going to+V原形表示打算或准备做某事 eg. I’m going to do my homework this evening.我打算今晚做家庭 作业。 2.see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”。表示看见事件、行动的全过程，动作已经结束。 eg. He saw her cross the road.他看见她穿过了马路。 See sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。强调事件行动正在进行。 eg. I saw her dancing at this time yesterday.我昨天这个时候看见她正在跳舞。 3. against 表示“对着;反对;靠着”。 eg: Everyone is against him.每个人都反对他 He is standing against the wall.他靠着墙站着。 4.would 表示意愿 Would you like to join us 你愿意加入我们吗, 5.cheer on sb. 6. I’d= I would I’d love to=I would love to come and cheer your on 7(Me, too 我也是。我必须用宾格 Pair work 知识点 1. Prefer Which sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing? 骑车和划船，你更喜欢那种运动, ----------I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。 Prefer 意为“更喜欢”，其后可接名词，动名词或动词不定式。 eg. Which do you prefer, apples or oranges? 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪种, ----I prefer oranges.我更喜欢橘子。 A lot of people prefer to live in the countryside. 很多人更愿意住在乡下。 Prefer ~~~to~~~和、、、、相比更喜欢、、、、 eg. I prefer jazz to rock music. 和摇滚乐相比我更喜欢爵士乐。 2.----Do you row much? 你经常划船吗, ------Yes， quite a bit/ a lot. 是的，常常 在肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，(very)much 和quite a lot/a bit 常与动词连用，用来表示某个动作发生的频率，或表示情感的动词连用，表示情感的深浅程度。 eg. I go to this shop so much.我经常光顾这家商店 I don’t like tennis a lot.我不太喜欢网球 3.seldom不经常，很少，表否定意义 4Are you going to join the school rowing club? 你要加入学校音乐俱乐部吗, Join sb. 表示“加入某人的行列，和某人一起”。 Join + 组织 表示“加入某个组织” Join in +活动 表示“参加某项活动”。 eg. Will you join us? 你愿意加入我们吗, Will you join the school music club? 你愿意加入学校音乐俱乐部吗, Jane is going to join in the volleyball match next week.简打算下 周参加排球赛。 Section B知识点 1. And yours= And whatps your favorite player? 2. He and McGrady both play for the Houston Rockets in the NBA. 他和麦克格雷迪都效力于NBA的休斯敦火箭队。 Play for a team 为某球队效力;in a team( 英式英语) / on a team(美式英语)在某球队打球。如: He’s going to be on the team this year 他今年会在该球队打球。 3(NBA=National Basketball Association是美国篮球协会的缩写，成立于1946年6月6日。 4. What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后想当什么,时间状语从句用when引导。 2a知识点 5. break the record 打破 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 。 give up放弃+名词或动名词 6(one of +名词复数 如:one of the best runners 7. what a shame!太可惜了～ Section C 1. go doing sth, 如:go fishing, go swimming 2. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym everyday.她每 天花半小时在体育馆锻炼。 spend 表示“花费”，通常接表示时间和金钱的名词，构成: spend…(in) doing sth. 或spend…on sth.如: she spends a lot of money on clothes/ (in) buying clothes.她花很多 钱买衣服。 3. good at doing sth. 如，She is also good at jumping. 4. There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.下周将举 行一场校运会。 there be 句型用在将来时中，其结构为: There is/are going to be …或There will be …如: There will be a movie next Sunday. 下周日将上演一场电影。 5. make me strong 使我健壮 keep her hurt and lungs healthy 保持她的心肺健康 make/keep + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人/某物保持….如: The news made Jim happy.这消息使吉姆高兴。 We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。 make +sb./sth. +do 使某人某物做某事如: Don’t make him cry. 别把他弄哭了。 6( a good way to keep fit 一种保持健康的好方法。 Way 方法，途径; 还指“道路，路线”; the way to+地点‖ 表示“通向某地的路”。如: Can you tell me the way to Zhongshan Park你能告诉我去中山公园的路吗, Keep fit 与keep healthy 意思相同，都表示保持健康，尤指人通 过经常锻炼而获得健康。 Section D 1. David Beckham, a famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his teammates yesterday.著名球星大卫?贝克汉姆和他的队友 昨日抵达北京。 a famous soccer star 与 David Beckham 是同位语 arrive in 和 arrive at 意为“到达”。其中arrive at+ 小地点， 而arrive in+大地点。如:arrive at school, arrive in Beijing. 2. But it’s too bad that the players aren’t going to stay for long.但 是队员们不会久留，真遗憾。 这里too bad=a shame, 意思是“遗憾，可惜” 3. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.他们将于后 天动身前往日本。 Leave A for B 表示离开A地前往B地，for 后面接的是到达 的地点，此句leave for Japan 相当于leave Beijing for Japan. The day after tomorrow意为后天，经常用于将来时。此处用 现在时态表示即将发生的动作。 表示位置移动的动词go, come, leave, fly, start等，可以用现在 进行时表示将要发生的动作。如: What time are you starting out? 你们什么时候出发, I am leaving tomorrow. 我明天离开。 Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water? Section A 1. Michael, could you please do me a favor? 迈克尔，请你帮我 个忙好吗, Could 在此句中表示委婉地请求对方做某事。Could you please…? 是一种表示请求帮助的习惯用法。 do sb. a favor 是正式的请求，相当于help sb. 或give sb. a hand. 2. mind doing sth 介意做某事吗 Would/Do you mind doing sth? 和 Would/Do you mind 后 接if引导的从句是表示请求的允许的常用句型，意为“如 果….,你介意吗,”如: Do you mind if I smoke here,你介意我在这儿吸烟吗, 3. Let’s go and practice. 我们去练习吧 Practice 既是名词又是动词 动词practice+动名词，eg. She practice singing every morning in the park.她每天早晨在公园练习唱歌 名词practice，如:Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 4. around 在此为副词意为“四处，到处”。如: I just want to walk around.我只是想四处走走。 5. right away 立刻马上，make one’s bed 整理床铺。 Section B 1. say hello/sorry/thanks/goodbye to sb向某人问候/道歉/感谢/ 道别 2. be sorry for sth.为某事感到遗憾、后悔、抱歉 3. so+adj. 如:so careless 4. either, too. 都用于句尾，但either 用于否定句末尾，too用 于肯定句末尾 5. miss “错过,思念,遗失” 如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车. He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了. 6. do one’s best 尽某人的最大努力 = try one’s best We do our best to finish the task. 7. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事” 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time. 我们确信下次一定会赢。 8. keep sb. doing sth使某人不停地做某事 如: You shouldn’t keep me waiting so long. 你不应该让我等那么久。 9. ready 意为“准备好了的”， be/get ready for/ to do 准备好做某事 如: Are you ready for the trip? 你为旅行做好准备了吗, 10. I have another one. 我还有一支(钢笔) Another 可做形容词，后接单数可数名词，表示同类中的“又一个，在一个”也可用作代词，后不接名词。 如: ------These are delicious.这些(蛋糕)很好吃。 ------Would you like another(piece of cake)? 你想再来一块吗, 11. turn down/on 关掉/打开 at once 立刻，马上 12. tired adj. “(感到)疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了. tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫. 类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的 13. enjoy doing sth 14. a history of 有多少的历史 follow the rules. 遵守规则 15. so that 意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句。如: The teacher speak loudly so that everyone can hear him.老师提高嗓门以便大家都能听到。 16. “more and more +多音节形容词”意为“越来越….‖如: These questions are getting more and more difficult.问题变得越来越难。 Section D 1. 15-year-old “15岁的” 15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old. 类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 2. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开. instead of„“替代„„;而不„„,相反” 如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海 而会去北京. = I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是 水. 3. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做„„.中获得乐 趣” 如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到 很大乐趣。 I have fun learning English. 我从学英语中获得乐趣。 Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? 1. be in 活动 表示“参加某项活动‖, = take part in/ join in. 2. it’s one’s first time to do sth, 表示“某人第一次做某事‖. 如: It’s her first time to visit this museum.这是她第一次参观这个博物 馆。 3. Maybe 是副词，意为“也许、可能”，在句中做状语，相当于perhaps, 常位于句首。may be 中，may 是情态动词，表示推测，be 是动 词原形，意为“也许是，可能是”;此处may be 可与maybe互换。如: He may be a doctor= Maybe he is a doctor. 英语提高班学习资料(1)---初中英语语法之反义疑问句 注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即: 陈述句 + 逗号 + 省略问句 + 问号 You are from America, aren’t you? 注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则(但在祈使句等一些特殊句子中需注意，详细见注意七) Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he? 注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同 Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he? 注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记) 1( this 或that改it，无论是否指人 This is your brother, isn’t it? 2. these或those改they Those are books ,aren’t they? 3. 不定代词one改one或he One can’t be always young, can one / he? 4. something、anything、everything和nothing改it Nothing is serious, is it? (注意为什么后面用is it而不是isn’t it?) Everything seems all right, doesn’t it? 5. everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、 nobody改they或he(任选，但选定后注意单复数形式) Everyone knows this, don’t they / doesn’t he? Nobody likes to lose money, does he? (这里最好用he) 6.each of改he或they Each of the boys had an apple, didn’t he / they? 7. no one, none, neither, either改they 或he No one came, did they? 8. some of…、none of …改it、they或you(联系上下文或句子) None of the food was delicious, was it? Some of the dustmen have come back, haven’t they? 9. 由neither…nor…、not only…but also、both…and…、 either…or…、not…but…、…or…、…and…等连接的并列主语，改 复数代词 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they? 10. 由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改it To learn English well isn’t easy, is it? Swimming is great fun, isn’t it? 11. the + 形容词表示一类人，改复数代词 The poor had no right (权力) to speak at the time, did they? 12. there 引起的句子(There be句型等)，仍用there There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn’t there? There are many children in the park, aren’t there? 注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记) (初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解) 1. have (有)改have或do Mary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she? 2. have (有)必须与陈述部分一致 He hasn’t a lot of time, has he? Miss Green doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she? 3. have不做―有‖解释，必须用do They all have a good time, don’t they? 4. have to用do或have We have to get up early, don’t we / haven’t we? 5. have got to用have We have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we? 6. had better用should或had We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we? 7. can’t(不可能，表示推测)根据can’t或的动词选择相应的形 式 He can’t be a doctor, is he? The workers can’t have finished their work, have they? 8. may 用may + 主语 + not (英语中不用mayn’t) They may be here next week, may they not? 9. must(必须)用needn’t You must do it today, needn’t you? 10. must(应该)用mustn’t I must study hard, mustn’t I? 11. mustn’t用must或may You mustn’t talk like that, must you? We mustn’t stay here any longer, must we? 12. ―must be‖对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的 附加疑问句进行处理 2 反义疑问句 He must be happy, isn’t he? He must be working hard at the office, isn’t he? must表示推测时，也有用mustn’t的 He must have been working very hard, mustn’t he? You must have told Mr Wang the secret, mustn’t you? 13. ―must + 完成时‖表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加 疑问句处理 He must have come yesterday, didn’t he? You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you? 14. ―must + 完成时‖用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成 时的附加疑问句来处理 You must have studied English for years, haven’t you? He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasn’t he? 14. 实义动词need和dear用do He needs help, doesn’t he? I have never dared to ask him, have I? 15. 情态动词need和dear用need和dear He dare not say so, dare he? We need not do it again, need we? 16. needn’t 用need或must You needn’t go yet, need you? He needn’t do that, must he? 17. ― would rather + 动词原形‖和―would like to + 动词原形‖用wouldn’t He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he? You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you? 18. ―ought to + 动词原形‖用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he? We ought to go there, shouldn’t we? 19. ―used to + 动词原形‖ 用―didn’t + 主语‖或―usedn’t + 主语‖或―used + 主语 + not‖ He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he? He used to play football when he was a child , used he not? 注意六、句子中有 seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式 Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? He is hardly able to swim, is he? There is little ink in your pen, is there? no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑 问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式) He has nothing to say, does(n’t) he? You got nothing from him, did(n’t) you? 注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句 1. I am…改aren’t I I am your friend, aren’t I? 2. I wish to do sth或I wish I …改may I I wish to go home, may I? I wish I were you, may I? 3. 主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致 He says that I did it, doesn’t he? David wouldn’t go there if it rained, would he? 4. 并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致 Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadn’t she? 5. 表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you 或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯 定或前肯定后否定的原则 Come here, will you? Turn off the light, will you? Do sit down, will you? 6. 表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句，用will you、can you、would you 或can’t you、won’t you Stop talking, can you? Write down the new words, will you / won’t you? 7. 否定的祈使句用will you或can you Don’t make a noise, will / can you? 8. Let me …用will you 或may I Let me help you, may I? Let me do it, will you? 9. Let’s …表示建议包括听话人在内，用shall we Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 10. let us …表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用will you Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 11. Let接第三人称宾语时用will you Let him come in, will you? 12. Let’s not … 用OK或all right Let’s not go to the party, OK / all right? 13. 感叹句用一般现在时be的形式(故事中用一般过去时be的形 式) What fine weather, isn’t it? How clever the boy is, isn’t he? How hard she works, isn’t she? 反义疑问句 练习题 用券下载整式乘法计算练习题幼小衔接专项练习题下载拼音练习题下载凑十法练习题下载幼升小练习题下载免费 目: 1. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___? A. didn’t she B. was she C. did she D. wasn’t she 2. There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there? A. no, isn’t B. some, is C. little, isn’t D. any, is 3. He has never ridden a horse before, ___? A. does he B. has he C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t he 4. — He seldom came here, _____? — Yes sir. A. didn’t he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. did he 5. Everything seems all right, _____ ? A. does it B. don’t they C. won’t it D. doesn’t it 7. One can’t be too modest, can _____ ? A. one B. he C. it D. we 8. No one failed in the exam, _____ ? A. was he B. did one C. did they D. didn’t he 10. Neither you nor I am a artist, _____ ? A. am I B. aren’t we C. are we D. ain’t I 11. He can’t be her father, _____ he? A. is B. isn’t C. can D. can’t 12. They have no time to visit the museum, _____? A. do they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. will they 14. You’d better go at once, _____ you? A. hadn’t B. did C. didn’t D. don’t 15. You’d rather work than play, _____ you? A. hadn’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. mustn’t 16. You dare not do that, _____ you? A. don’t B. do C. dare D. daren’t 18. He dislikes the two subjects, _____ he? A. does B. doesn’t C. is D. isn’t 19. These tools are useless now, _____ ? A. are they B. aren’t they C. is it D. isn’t it 20. He used to get up at 6:30, _____ he? A. didn’t he B. did he C. used he D. wouldn’t he 22. He ought to win the first prize, _______ he? A. mustn’t B. oughtn’t C. shouldn’t D. Both B and C. 23. Let’s go there by bus, ___? A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. will you 24. Let us go to play football, ___? A. will you B. shall we C. do we D. are we 25. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___ ? A. will you B. shall we C. won’t you D. do you 26. — Let’s go shopping this afternoon, _____? — All right. A. will we B. shall we C. don’t we D. are we 27. — Pass me the dictionary, _____? — Yes, with pleasure. A. would you B. will you C. won’t you D. wouldn’t you 30. There is little water in the glass, ____? A. isn’t there B. isn’t it C. is it D. is there 32. There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening, _____ ? A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. won’t 33. — I guess she taught herself Japanese, ______? — Yes. A. don’t I B. did she C. do I D. didn’t she 34. I don’t believe you are right, _____ ? A. are you B. do you C. won’t you D. do 35. She doesn’t think that Tom sings best in the class, _____ ? A. does she B. doesn’t she C. does he D. doesn’t he 37. I know you didn’t want to hurt me, _____ ? A. did you B. didn’t you C. do I D. don’t I 38. If my father were here， he would be very happy, _____ ? A. weren’t he B. were he C. wouldn’t he D. would he Key: 1—5 CDBDD 6—10 BACDC 11—15 AABAB 16—20 CCBB A 21—25CDBAA 26—30 BBBAD 31—35 BBDAA 36—38 AAC 三 单项选择:(25) 1(Listen! The students____ in the classroom. A. are singing B. sing C. singing D. is singing 2.The students are ____ books in the classroom. A. watching B. looking at C. reading D. seeing 3. Let’s go and ____ A. playing soccer B. play the soccer C. to play soccer D. play soccer 4.---- _____ is she waiting for? ---- The bus A.Who B. Where C. What D. How 5. ---- How is it going? ----____. A.It’s sunny B. It’s hot C. It’s right D. It’s pretty good 6.---- Thanks for ____ me with my English ----You’re welcome. A.Help B. helping C. helps D. helped 7.---- Where are his family? ----They are all ____ vacation now. A.at B. of C. on D. for 8. ----Do you like cold, rainy weather? ---- _____. I like hot, humid weather, too. A.No, I don’t B. Yes, I like C. Yes, I do D. No, I like it 9.----Your coat is very nice. ---- _______. A.Thank you B. Not very nice. It’s so-so. C. I don’t think so D. No 10.My little brother is ____ short. A. a few B. a bit little C. a little bit D. a bit of 11. Look, she’s ____ a red hat today. A. in B. dressing C. putting D. wearing 12. The girl ____ red is my friend. A. wears B. in C. with D. dress. 13.----____ do you go skating? ---- Every day. A.How B. How about C. How often D. How long 14. ----How often do you go to a movie? ----____ A.Two times a week B. Twice a week C. A time a week D. One time a week 15.Pom’s mother says exercise is good ____ his health. A. to B. for C. of D. about 16. What’s the matter ____ you? A. for B. with C. to D. in 17. ----I’m not feeling ____. I’m sorry to hear that. A.good B. well C. nice D. will 18.----___ did it start? ----About two hours ago. A.How B. How long C. When D. Where 19. You need ____ a new bag A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. buys 20.----I have a toothache. ----You should _____ A.Lie down and rest B. drink some tea with honey C. see a dentist D. drink hot water 21.Do you know the girl ____ curly hair? A. with B. in C. has D. at 22.There ____ many people here ____ vacation. A. have, on B. are, on C. are, at D. has, on 23.____ lots of vegetables is good for our health. A. Eating B. Eat C. Ate D. Eats 24.It’s ____ today, I think it’s going to ____ A. cloud, rain B. cloudy, raining C. cloudy, rainy D. cloudy, rain 25. Thank you ____ me so much help. A. for give B. for giving C. to giving D. to give 四 词汇(10) 1( The family goes shopping______(two) a week. 2( Lucy has a _______(stomach) today. So she goes to see the doctor. 3( Tom and Jim ________(play) soccer on the playground now. 4( It’s important to eat _____( health) food 5( ---I am very h_______ ----You should eat some noodles. 6. Look! Nancy isn’t reading . She ______( write) a letter. 7.We should exercise every day to keep _______( 健康的 ) 8 How often do you eat _______(蔬菜) 9(----How often do you go to the zoo? ----H______ ever. 10.Can you stop _______(come ) here, Kate? I need your help 五.句型转换(10) 1. My brother is tall with short hair 2. The students are listening to the teacher. 3.The weather is cold and windy. 4. David eats vegetables five times a week 5. I have a pain in my tooth.(同义句) 6.I shop once a month(改为否定句) 7.His brother is a tall boy. He has short hair(合并成一句) 8.We don’t play soccer every day ( 用 now 改为现在进行时) 9.She does her homework in the evening.(改为否定句) 10. I am cleaning my room(改为一般疑问句) 六.补全短文.首字母已给出。(10) T________ Chinese doctors believe we need a b______ of yin and yang to be h_______. For example, are you often weak and t_____ ? Maybe you have too much yin. You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. E______ Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. But people who are too s______ out and angry may have too much yang. Chinese doctors believe that they should eat more yin foods like tofu. Chinese m_______ is now popular in many western countries. It’s easy to have a healthy l________.and it’s i________ to eat a b________diet. 七.汉译英(10) 1.如果你发烧,应该多喝水. 2.你的眼睛怎么了? 3.多 吃蔬菜对你的健康是有益的. 4.他多久去看望一次他奶奶? 5.小明长得很高,但有点瘦. 6. 这 个姑娘娴静而且友好. 7.有些人正躺在沙滩上. 8.有许多人在青岛度假. 9.他 们都要去哪里? 10.Lisa和Tim 在和谁说话? 八(阅读理解(20) ( A) It’s time to go home. I’m in a bus on a rainyday(雨天),and a woman with a dog gets on the bus, It is a big dog and its feet are not clean, I don’t want the dog to sit near me. But the woman says to the conductor ( 售票员). ―Oh, I buy a ticket for my dog. Can he have a seat like the other people?‖ The conductor looks at the dog and says, ―Yes, madam. But like the other people, he must not put his feet on the chair.‖ ( )1.I’m going home ____ A. on foot B. by bike C. by bus D. by car ( )2. The dog is ____ A. mine B. the driver’s C. the conductor’s D. the woman’s ( )3. I don’t want the dog to sit near me because the dog____ A. is ill B. isn’t clean C. has no ticket D. has no feet ( )4.The woman wants ____ for the dog. A. a seat B. a bed C. a room d . a bus ( )5. Which of the following is right? A. The woman doesn’t like the dog. B. The woman puts her feet on the chair. C. The dog’s feet look like the other people’s D. The conductor doesn’t want the dog to take a seat. (B) Jim likes playing in a river, But there isn’t a river near his new house. He isn’t very happy . One day, he asks his mother, ―Is there a river near here?‖ ―No, there isn’t.‖ his mother says, ―But our new house has a garden.‖ ―I don’t like it.‖ says Jim. One morning his mother says, ―There is a beautiful park near here, Jim, and there are two pools in it. We’ll go there this afternoon.‖ Jim is very happy. After lunch Jim and his mother go to the park, and he plays in one of the pools, He has a very good time. 根据短文内容判断句子正(T)误(F) ( ) 6.Jim likes his new house ( ) 7.There is a new park near his new house ( )8.There are small rivers in the park ( )9.Jim doesn’t like playing in the garden at all ( )10.Jim has a very good time in the park with his mother. 参考答案 3. ACDCD BCCAC DBCBB BBCBC ABADB 4. Twice, stomachache, are playing, healthy, hungry,is writing, healthy, vegetables, hardly, to come. 5. 1. What does your brother look like? 2. What are the students doing . 3. What’s the weather like? 4. How often does David eat vegetables 5. I have a toothache 6. I don’t shop once a month. 7 His brother is a tall boy with short sair. 8. We aren’t playing soccer now. 9. She doesn’t do her homework in the evening. 6. Traditional,balance,healthy,tired, Eating,stressed,medicine, lifestyle, important , balanced 7 1. If you have a fever, you should drink more water. 2. What’s wrong with your eyes? 3. Eating more vegetables is good for your eyes. 4. How often does he go to see his grandma? 5. Xiao Ming is very tall but (he is ) a little bit thin. 6. The girl is quiet and friendly. 7. Some people are lying on the beach. 8. There are many people on vacation in Qingdao. 9. Where are they all going? 10. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to/with? 8 CDBAD FTFTT.