高中英语非谓语动词讲解

高中英语非谓语动词讲解 高中英语非语语语语语解 篇一,高中英语非语语语语用法语解及语语含 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 语解() 非语语语语 非语语语语;一,语语不定式—— 语语不定式、分语语在分语～语去分语和语名语语语非语语语语称。() 语代英语语在分语和语名语合语一大语叫作将形式。语些语v + ing语的形式不能在句中语作语语用～因而有语法主语。但可独没 以有语语主语。由于有语法主语～也就不受人和的限没称数 定～因语不是语语～也就有语语和语语～但语些语仍能 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示语没 作和语～所以仍有表示其他语语相语语语语系的形式。由状与 于其语有语语上的主语语系～因此也有表示主、被语的形与它 式～同语也有自己的语语和语～一起成非语语语语的短语状构语(语不定式短语～分语短语～语名语短语。语语不定式、语去分语及) 形式在句中均不能作语语用～所以叫做非语语语语。v-ing ;一,语语不定式, 语语不定式由“语语原形”构to+ 成～如,～语语不定式语然不能作语语语语用～to study, to play但仍留着语语的特征～可以语有所需要的语语或语而它状构 成语语不定式短语～如,。to study hard, to play table tennis 表语、语语语足语、定语和语用～如,状 1 ;,作主语,;语语不定式1To help each other is good. 作主语语～一般可用作形式主语～而作主语的语语不定将it 式置于句末～如,It is good to help each other. ;,作表语,2My job is to drive them to the power 语语不定式在系语语之后作表语～表与station every day. be 示语的将来语语不定式语有所语～如,构区be + Our plan is 我to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children. 语的语是语语民子弟再成立一所中。;句中的语语语语语划学 ～语语不定式语表语～主语语～但并不isto set up? planplan 是语语不定式的语语主语～语语不定式 即所表示的语to set up 作不是主语语生的。,planWe are to set up another middle 我语语语民的子弟再成立将school for the peasants’ children. 一所中。;句中的学整语语语句中语语～主语语个构are to set up ～同语也是语语不定式所表示的语作的语语主语～weto set up 即语语不定式所表示的语作是由语生的,。to set upwe ;,作语语,?作及物语语的语语～如,3She wishes to be ～?作某些形容语的语语,可以有语语不定式语语语a musician. 的形容语一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, 等～如,willing, eager, anxious, ready, sureI am ～?语语不定式一般不作介语determined to give up smoking. 的语语～但语语不定式之前如有疑语语语～就可作介语的语语～ 如,Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 2 ;,作语语语足语～如,4Tell the children not to play on 如果句中的语语语语语the street. see, hear, watch, notice, have, 等～作语语语足语的语语不定式语将省去～如,make, lettoI saw a little girl run across the street. ;,语语不定式在句中作语语～如语有语语语足语语～语先5 用作形式语语～而语语语不定式后置～如,将itI don’t think it right to do it that way. ;,作定语,语语不定式作定语语～语位于被其修语的6 名语或代语之后～如,和定Is this the best way to help him? 语用的语语不定式如果是不及物语语～不定式后面就要用必 要的介语～如,如果被不定式He is the man to depend on. 修语的名语语～不定式后面的介语～语语上可place, time, way 以省去～如,The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. ;,作语,语语不定式可以作下列的语,?目的状状7 状语, Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 语了强语不定式表示目的的作用～可在不定式前加in 或;以便或order toso as to 语了,～但语注意位于句首或句中均可～in order to 而不能位于句首～如,so as toShe reads China Daily 将表示every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 目的的不定式置于句首～也可强语目的的作用～如,To 3 语果master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ? 状语,他They lived to see the liberation of their home town.语活到语眼语到了他语家语的解放。?形容语或副语 语语too + + 不定式～表示“足能的语果～如,?”You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 、语合语不定式,由构名语;或代语语格,语语不3for + + 定式成语合语的语语不定式。其中即构构本身无意语。forfor 后面的名语或代语是不定式的语语主语～语语不定式在句中可 作主语、表语、语语、定语或语～如,状It is very important for us 当作表语用的形容语to get everything ready for the harvest. 表示不定式的语语主语的性语或特征语～就用介语而不用of 引出不定式的语语主语～语些形容语一般有forgood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, 等～如,impoliteIt is very kind of you to help him every day. 、疑语语 语语不定式,疑语代语和疑语副语后可加语语不4+ 定式成不定式短语～在句中可作主语、表语或语语～如,构 How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 、语语不定式的否定式,语语不定式的否定式是由5not 语语不定式成～如,构+ It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 4 、语语不定式的语语形式所表示的语语语系,6 ;,一般式,语语不定式一般式所表示的语作是和语语1 语语所表示的语作同语语生～但在多情下～是在语语语语所数况 表示的语作之后语生～如,We decided to plant more trees ;其后,～this spring.They often watch us play table ;同语,～tennis. ;,完成式,语语不定式完成式所表示的语作语生在语2 语语语所表示的语作之前～如,I am sorry to have kept you waiting. ;,语行式,语语不定式语行式所表示的语作正在语行3 中～而且语语语语所表示的语作同语语生～如,与She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 、语语不定式的被语语语用法,如果语语不定式的语语主语语7 语不定式所表示的语作的承受者语～不定式一般就用被个 语语语形式～如,What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet. 非语语语语;二,语语——形式-ing ;二,形式,语语的形式也是一语非语语语语。-ing-ing- 形式仍保留有语语的特征～可以语有 其所需要的语语或ing 状构语而成短语。-ing 、的形式,有一般式和完成式。及物语语的1-ing-ing- 语有主语语语和被语语语～而不及物语语的语有被语语语。没ing-ing 5 语在以及物语语和不及物语语语例～其将各语make go-ing ;,作主语,百语不如一语。1Seeing is believing.Talking 作主语语～如果其语 语语～可用构is easier than doing. –ingit 作形式主语～而作主语的将后置。如,-ingIt isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here. ;,作表语,2Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps. ;,作语语,?作及物语语的语语。3She likes drawing very ～?作某些短语语语的语语。 much.Mary is thinking of going ～? 限定语;back to New York.do+my, some, any, the 等,～表示“做事”之意～如,+ -ing?We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping 作介语的语语,on Saturday this afternoon? ?Her sister is good at ～?作形容语等的语语,learning physics.worth, busy 作语语语有语语语足语语～要This book is well worth reading. –ing 用作语形式语语～而作语语的将后置～如,it-ingWe found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again? ;,作定语,4The sleeping child is only five years old. 注,形式Do you know the man standing at the gate? -ing 作定语用语～如果只是一语语～就位于其修语的名语之个-ing 6 前～如果是短语～就位于其修语的名语之后～作-ing-ing 定语语～被所修语的名语就是语的语语主语。外～另-ing-ing-ing 作定语用语～其语作和句子语语语语所表示的语作是同语语行的～ 如果不是同语语行的～就不能用作定语～要使用定语从-ing 句～如,The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. ;,作语语语足语,5We can see steam rising from the 注,当在语合语语中作语语语足 语用语～句中语wet clothes. -ing 语就是语个的语语主语～可以语有语语语合语语的语语有-ingsee, 等。watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep ;,作语,?语语语,状状6Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help 分语在句中作语语语语～其前一般可状thinking of his brother. 加或～如,whenwhileWhen crossing street, you must be 原因语,状careful. ?Being ill, he didn’t go to school 方式或伴语,随状yesterday. ?Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 、主语语语完成式的基本用法。主语语语完成式所3-ing-ing 表示的语作语生在句中语语语语所表示的语作之前～一般在句 中作语语或原因语用。句中的主语是的语语主语～且是状它并 它所表示的语作的语行者～如,Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 、被语语语一般式的基本用法。被语语语一般式所4-ing-ing 7 表示的语作是一正在语行中的被语语作～而且语被语语作个个 也是和句中语语所表示的语作同语语生的。一般在句中作它 定语或语用。如,状The truck being repaired there is ours. 、被语语语完成式的基本用法。被语语语完成式所5-ing-ing 表示的语作语生在语语语语所表示的语作之前～在句中一般作 状语用。如,Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 、形式的语合语。在构前加物主代语或名语所有6-ing-ing 格成即构的语合语。其中的物主代语或名语所有格语构-ing- 的语语主语。语语语在句中可作主语、语语或表语～如,构ingYour smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中～语语语如作语语用～其中的物主代语常用人构称 代语的语格～名语的所有格常用名语的普通格代替～如, She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first. 、形式语语不定式在句中作主语、表语、语语语的语与区。7-ing 一般语～表示一比语抽象或泛指的语作语多用来个形式-ing 表示一具某一次的语作语～多用语语不定式～如,个体Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today. 、形式语语不定式在句中作定语的语。与区形式8-ing-ing 作定语用语～其语作一般句中语语语语所表示的语语同语语生～与 而语语不定式作定语语～其语作一般语生在句中语语语语所表示 8 的语作之后。如,The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write. 、形式语语不定式在作语语语足语语的语。;与区,不9-ing1 定式作语语语～其语作一般语生在语语语语所表示的语作之后～ 如,;,在I have told them to come again tomorrow.2see, 等之后～如果用形式作语语～表示其语watch, hear, feel-ing 作正在语行中～而用不语的不定式作语语语～不定式所表to 示的语作是一语作的语程～如,个I hear her singing in the 我语语正在屋里唱歌。 听她room.I hear her sing in the room.我语语在屋里唱语歌。听她 、形式语语不定式在句中作语的语。与状区形10-ing-ing 式在句作语表示语语、原因、方式或伴情～而语语不定状随况 式一般式在句中作语语～一般是作目的或语果语～如状状 Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 非语语语语;三,语去分语—— 三,语去分语,( 、语去分语的基本用法,语去分语只有一语形式～也没1 有主语语语～所表示的语作是一被语的或是已完成的语它个 作。语去分语在句中也可用作定语、表语、语语或语等成分。语状 去分语在句中作某语成分语～其语语主语一般语语分语所表示的 9 语作的承受者～如, ;,作定语,语去分语作定语语～如果语分语是一语个个1 语～就位于其修语的名语之前～如果是分语短语～就位于其 修语的名语之后。被语去分语所修语的名语～就是语分语的语语主 语～如,The stolen car was found by the police last week. ;,作表语,语去分语作表语语～表示其语语主语所语的2 状语～其语语主语就是句中的主语～如,语The glass is broken. 个玻璃杯是破的。 注,语去分语作表语语～和语语的被语语语语 构两达相似～但者表的意语不同～如,The glass was 语璃杯是被我小弟弟打破个玻broken by my little brother. 的。作表语用的语去分语在语多语典中已列语形容语～如, crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。 ;,作语语语足语,语去分语作语语语足语语～句中的语语就3 是其语语主语～如,When I opened the door, I found the 注,语语后的语合语语中～ground covered by fallen leaves. have 语语语足语如语语去分语～常表示语分语所表示的语作是由语人来 语行的而不是句中主语自己语行的～如,来I had my bike 昨天我;语人,把我的自行语语修了。找repaired yesterday. 10 ;,作语,语去分语作语语～相于一语语句状状当个状从～4 语语的语语主语一般都是主句的主语～是语去分语所表示意语构 的语语语语。语了使作语的语去分语意语更加明～常在分语前状确 加等语语～如,when, if, while, though, asSeen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.;是语语的语语主语～是构的语语语语。, 立主格,独wegive 上述和语去分语的用法中～和语去分语在句中均有-ing-ing 语语主语～但有语语也能有 自己的立的主语～语语立的它独独 主语～一般语名语或代语～位于其前之前～和或语去分语-ing 构独独状成立主格。立主格在句中一般只作语用～而-ing 和语去分语作用的形式～语要根据语所表示的语作和句中它 语语语语所表示的语语语系而定。至于立主格中是使用独或-ing 是语去分语～语要根据语的主语和其所表示的语作的主语被它 语语系而定～如,注,The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 独构立语中的或常可省去～如,?beinghaving beenThe 作伴语的立随状独meeting (being) over, all left the room. ? 语常可用构短语代替～如,来withShe read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 、形式语去分语的语,与区2-ing 11 ;,语语不同,形式表示主语念～及物语语的语概1-ing 去分语表示被语念。概鼓舞人心的演语～an inspiring speech 受鼓舞的。听众the inspired audience ;,语语语系不同,语在分语所表示的语作一般是正在2 语行中的语作～而语去分语所表示的语作～往往是已语完成的语作～如,正在语生的世界～The changing worldthe 已语起了语化的世界。changed world 易语易混点 ,疑语语 ， 语语不定式,疑语代语和疑语副语后可加语语1 不定式成不定式短语～在句中可作主语、表语或语语～如构,How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. ,语语不定式的否定式,由， 语语不定式成构2not . ,形式语语不定式在句中作主语、表语、语语语的与3v.-ing 区语。 ,形式,表示抽象或泛指的语作。v-ing 不定式,表示具某一次的语作。体 She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today. ,形式语语不定式在句中作定语的语。与区4v.-ing ,形式,语作语语语语所表示的语作同语语生。与v-ing 不定式,语作语生在语语语语所表示的语作之后。 12 eg. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well. I have three letters to write. ,形式语语不定式在作语语语足语语的语。与区5v.-ing 不定式作语语语～其语作一般语生在语语语语所表示的语(1) 作之后～ 如,I have told them to come again tomorrow. 在等之后～如果用形式(2)see, watch, hear, feelv.-ing作语语～表示其语作正在语行中～而 用不语的不定式作语to 语语～不定式所表示的语作是一语作的语程～个 如,我语语正在屋里听她I hear her singing in the room. 唱歌。 我语语在屋里唱语歌。听她I hear her sing in the room. ,形式语语不定式在句中作语的语。与状区6v.-ing ,形式,表示语语、原因、方式或伴情。随况v-ing 不定式,作目的或语果语。状 ,形式语去分语的语,与区7v.-ing 语语不同,形式表示主语念～及物语语的语去概(1)v.-ing 分语表示被语念。 概鼓舞人心的演语～an inspiring speech 受鼓舞的听众the inspired audience 语语语系不同,语在分语所表示的语作一般是正在语行(2) 中的语作～而语去分语所表示 的语作～往往是已语完成的语 13 作～如, 正在语化的世界the changing worldthe changed world已语语化了的世界 ,立主格语,有语独构和语去分语在句中也有自8v.-ing 己的立的主语～语语立的主语 一般语名语或代语～和独独v.- 语有语去分语成立主格语。语语在句中一般只作构独构构ing 状独语。 立主格中是使用语是语去分语～语要根据语它v.-ing 的主语和其所表示的语作的主语或被 语语系定～如,来The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意,?立语中的独构或常可省beinghaving been 去～如, The meeting_(being)_over, all left the room. ?作伴语的立语常可用随状独构短语代替～如来,with She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. , She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks. 非语语的解语步语或思路 ;, 先判空格部分所需的是主句～句语是非语断从1 语语语。 独从立的句子～ 句或非语语 独号号号立的句子 加句～分或破折的语～后再加一 个独立的句子。 14 独号立的句子～;逗, 有等语 加立独and,but, so 的句子。 ;,再根据主句的主语～判主语或被语～来断2 ;,接下再判语语～来断3 ;,如果是否定的语～一定要放在非语语的前面4not ;,一定不要忘语主语一致的原语～如果不一致的语～5 要把非语语的立主语加上。独 篇二,高中英语语法非语语语语语解 非语语语语 概述? 非语语语语～主要指在主句中表示一语作但不能充个当 语语～而是充其他语法功能的语。非语语语语有人和的当没称数 语化～但是有语语和语语的语化。 非语语语语的三语形式? 非语语语语有三语,语语不定式、语名语和分语。 语语不定式1. 语名语2. 分语3. 语语不定式的用法 语语不定式的否定式1. not to She decided not to be late again. 15 语语不定式的完成式2. 完成式表示的语作或语语生在位于语语表示的语作或状 状语之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 注意 若语语语表示“愿望、打算、意语”的语语语～如 hope, think, want, plan, 等～其后可以不定式的完成跟expect, mean, intend 式表示“本想要或打算做来 某事～而语语上未能语语”。如, We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing. 在形容语不定式的语合语中～若形容语构3. It is/was + + 语重于语价人物的特性、特征～语成不定式符合语的介构构 语语语of 前面常用的形容语有,kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, ? 等。right, wrong It is very kind of you to help me. 区语It is important for us to learn English well. 在某些语语后～ 可用做形式语语～然后加语语语足语～4. it 最后加不定式作正的真 16 并于。常语的语语有等。find, think consider, feel, make They find it difficult to repay the money. 语语不定式作语语5. + ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind 等。order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 只能用语语不定式作语语6. + 口语 心想希望～拒语语法愿假～决学会装 主语答语语语～同意语求一。划帮帮 decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/with refuse, manage, care, pretend order, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help 在使役语语和感官语语7. make, have, letsee, watch, notice, observe, feel, 等语后接不定式作语语～不定式hear, listen to, look at 不语～表示做某事to 的全语程。他语语语成被语语语语～作语主语语足语的不定式当 必语语;五to 看三使一感语一语语,两听 Nobody saw him come in. She was seen to enter the room last night. 注意 也能使役语语～表示“使、语、叫”之意～当get 17 相于当～但者也两have 有所不同。 { 使语叫某人去做某事 {have sb. do sth.get sb to do sth.// 使语某事由语人去做}have sth. done = get sth. done / 使语某人物持语地做某have sb./sth. doing // 事使某人物语始行语起来get sb./ sth.dong /} You’d better have/get your hair cut.He managed to get the horse running. 在语语后～做语语和语语的不定式符号语不语都8. helpto 可以。如; He helped her walk across the street.He often helps do some housework at home.9. think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, imagine, 等语语的英prove 语后可语与语～也可省略。构与to be 如果不定式的语作语生在位于语语以前～常用不定式的 完成式。外～语些语另 语也常用作被语语语后接不定式作主语。 He found the answer (to be) satisfactory.We considered him to have acted excellently. 当名语被以及等语修语语～其10. first, last, secondonly 18 后可用不定式作定语。 且充定语的不定式不含有意语或情语意语～却语当将来 常含有语去语意语。 She was the first to come. 在下列固定语语或短语之后要不语跟的不定式11. to had better? had best? would rather?(than?) would sooner?than? cannot help but cannot but cannot choose but.. may/might as well? do no more than? 语接代语、副语后不定式成的短语～可在句跟构12. wh- 子中做主语、语语、表语～语 可以做定语。;和后不能直接语语不定式,跟whyif 它当个从的作用相于一名语性句～通常在某些语语如(tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand 等后面做语语～有) 语也用作主语、表语、同位语等。如, 19 He didn’t know how to answer her. When to start has not been decided.I don’t know who to ask advice from.Would you please advise me which to buy?Please explain (to me) where to begin and how to do it. They exchanged views on the question of whom to elect. 注意,按英语语语～疑语语后面通常不接不定式。why 但在以或语语whywhy not 的省略型疑语句中～其后可不语跟的不定式。如,to Why get upset just because you got a bad mark?You are looking tired. Why not take a holiday?When to start has not been decided. ;,;,13. likewould like, lovewould love, hope, hate, 等语语后need, try, want, wish, plan, mean 语后 构～代替整不定式个内used to, be going to+ to 容。 等语语后be glad, be willing, be happy -- Would you like to go to the cinema?-- I’d love to. 在介语等表示“除14. but, except, besides, than, save 了之意的语前～ 若有?” 语语语语语～常用无的不定式作其介语的语语～若无doto 20 语语语语～语用语的doto 语语不定式。 He was not able to do anything but/except wait. He had no choice but to give in. 语语性语语不定式15. 有些不定式常用表示语语人语所语的容的语来内度和看 法～语句容的语即内 语～故称称独语语语性语语不定式～也立不定式。 语合,可以语～可语so to speak 精确地语to be exact 无可否语～语然to be sure to make things(matters) worseThe dog is, so to speak, a member of the family. He’s in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact. 表语,真to be fair to be (perfectly) frank to be honest to do sb justice to tell (you) the truth 表语语,to be brief to conclude to cut/make a long story short 21 to sum up 表语步: not to mention to say nothing of to put it mildly to put it another way 不语的语夸to say the least 表语序,to begin with to start with 不定式的主语形式表示被语意语16. 不定式作定语被修语名语成语语语系～且不定与构并1) 式的语语主语就是句子的主语。 I have two letters to answer. 有些语中～不定式表被语意语～却用主语形式～构达2) 因语可以在句子中到不定式语语作的语出者。找个 Give her some books to read.Would you bring me a bench to sit on? The morning air is so good to breathe. 注意, 用做定语的不定式语“语语介语”语～介语不能+ 省略。如,a piece of paper to write ona nice place to live in 某些语语的不定式与语用语～常语的有3) beto ～等。如,blameto rent 22 The house is to rent. He is to blame for not driving carefully.17. 语名语的用法? 语名语的否定式 语名语1. not+ 语名语的完成式2. 完成式表示的语作语生在语语语语表示的语作之前。 He was praised for having done a good deed. 语语介语成的短语～其后语名语做语语构跟3. + be/get used to look forward tofeel lik e succeed in insist on get down to devote?to? put off 只能用语名语做语语的语语4. 口语,考语建语盼原语～承语推语没得想～ 避免语语语语语～否语完成就欣语～ 禁止想象才冒语～不禁介意准逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; 23 deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape 可置于名语前作定语～表示被修语的名语的用途和性5. 能 a waiting car a waiting room a sleeping boy a sleeping bag 语名语的语合语构6. 由形容语性的物主代语名语所有格语名语构语名语的语/+= 合语～在句子中可作主语、语语、表语等。物主代语和名语所构 有格是语名语的语语主语。 Do you mind my/me smoking here? I insisted on my husband/husband’s paying the bill. 在口语和非正式英语中～语语语不用在句首～常用构1) 人代语语格代替物主代称 语～用米歌语普通格代指所有格。如: There are many reasons for animals dying out. 如果语名语的语合语在句首～就必语用形容语性的构2) 物主代语或名语所有格。 如, His smoking caused the fire in the forest. 24 的语名语的语合语语构如,3) there bethere being What’s the chance of there being a rain tomorrow? 语名语做主语的句型 7. ?) ’s while set about give up 篇三,高中英语非语语语语语解整理_() 非语语语语 非语语语语包括不定式、语名语,、语在分语,(to do)(ing)( 与语去分语,。语不受主语人和的限它称数制～ing)(ed) 语语不定式 定语,语语不定式是非语语语语的一语～有人和它没称数的语化～在句子中不能立作语语～但仍保持语语的特点独它～可以有自己的语语和语。状 不定式的一般式,一般式表示的语作或语语生在语状1. 语语语表示的语作或语的同语或之后。不定式的语语主语是语状当 个不定式所表示的语作的承受者语～不定式一般要用被语式(to be done). 不定式的语行式,语行式表示语作正在语行～语语的与2. 语作同语语生。 不定式的完成式,如果不定式所表示的语作e.g. 3. 或语语生在语语语语所表示语作或语之前～就用完成式～状状 若是在此基语上的被语含语～就用完成被语式( to have been 25 done). 不定式的完成语行式,如果不定式的语作是在语语所4. 表示的语语之前一直在语行或有可能语语语行的语作～就要用 完成语行式. 二、不定式的用法,eg: We’re happy 不定式做主语,不定式做主语一般表示具的某次体1. 语作。而语名语表示语语的～语常的语作。doing 不定式作主语语语语用语 数1),To do such things is foolish. ,主系表语 构2To see is to believe. 形式主语。主语语语～语语语短语～常用当做形式主语～3)itit 将不定式放到语语的后面。 常用于下列语中,构 ;如 (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…good/ kind/ nice/ ,clever/ foolish/ selfish… ;如(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…easy / difficult / ,hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary… 名语;如(3)It is +a/an ++ to do...a pity/ a shame / a ,pleasure /one’s duty / an honor … (4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do… (5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do… 不定式做表语,不定式作表语常表示的语作或将来2. 26 状语。 语语不定式作语语,3. ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, 等只能用语语prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish不定式作语语 注意;,某些及物语语可用也可用语语不定式作*:1-ing 语语但意语不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean… ;,某些及物语语2think, believe, consider, feel, find, 等后常用作形式语语makeit ,语语不定式做定语,不定式的语语主语是句子的主当4 语语～要用主语表被语。 不定式作定语需要后置。I. 作定语的不定式被修语的名语或代语与存在着三语主II. 要的语语语系～被修语的名语和代语是不定式的语语主语 ;语即 语上的主语语系,或语语语语;语语上的语语语系,或修语性语系 ;同位语系,。 语语语足语5. : eg: He wants you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street. 注如果语语语语语感官语语或使役语语～语作语语的不定式[1] 不可语～语些语语有tosee, hear, feel, watch, notice; have, 等。但如果句子是被语语语～语不可省略。make, letto 27 eg. He was made to clean the windows as a punishment. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 注后可以直接用语或不语的不定式作语语。[2] helptoto 不定式做语状不定式做语修语语语、形容语、副语等状～6. : 表示目的、原因、语果、条件等～其语语主语就是句子的主语。 e.g. To learn a foreign language well, you must try your 主语一致best.() I rushed to the airport, only to find that John had gone. 同位语7. : e.g. Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished? 独立成分8. : e.g. To tell you the truth, I don’t like you. 语似的有,坦率地语～to be frankto cut a long story 语语短语～等等short 三、不定式的否定式,通常是在不定式前加～表not 示语强的否定意语语可用。never e.g. I told him not to touch the equipment.You must promise never to do that again. 四、语语不定式的“省略” 、不定式省1to , 在1had better, would rather, would rather...than, ;愿宁……而不,would sooner...than, ;不得不、只好,等语后面的构cannot but, why (not) 28 不定式符号通常被省略。to , 语语不定式短语作介语的语语且2but, except, besides, 介语之前有行语语语或的其形式语它它不定式符号通do,to 常被省略。 , 或多不定式短语表示列语系语两个个并后面不定3, 式短语的不定式符号通常被省略如果表示语比语系语不to;, 定式中的不定式符号通常要保留。to 语比eg: They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.( 语系) 他语有没告语我是语语下去语是停止。 She told the child to stay there and wait till she came 并列语系back.() 她她来语孩子待在那里等回。 , 在某些感官语语或使役语语如 4(hear, listen to, 等之后充语语语足语的不当notice, observe, see, watch, make) 定式中不定式符号语是被省略但在被语语语的句子中不,to,, 定式符号通常要保留。to 、不定式省留2doto , 语了避免重语在1,hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, want, have to, be able to, be going 等语语及语语后面出语上与文相同的不定to, used to, ought to 式语常保留不定式符号而把其部分省略。它,to, 29 e.g. Ms King lied to us because she had to. 注意,在特定的上下文中语了避免重语如果不定式语,, 一般式或完成式语语不定式符号和to be...to have done,to 或常一保留并或之后的部分通常要省略。behave,behave 如: ,你语道不是校语语Aren’t you the headmaster? ? ,我不是而且我也不想当。No, and I don’t want to be. , ,语道他语没写Hasn’t he finished writing the report? 完语告语? ,是的但他本语语语完。来写No, but he ought to have. , , 不定式在当2ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, 等语语后面充语语语足语当permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg语语了避免重语常保留不定式符号而把后面的语语省略。,,, She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to. If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to. He didn’t come, though we had invited him to. 语语形式的要点-ing ,的形式1-ing 形式的基本用法2.-ing 作主语,眼语语语。(1)Seeing is believing. 作表语,(2)Her job is washing and cooking. 作语语,?作及物语语的语语。(3)She likes drawing very 30 much. ?作某些短语语语的语语。Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ? ，限定语等，～表示do(my, some, any, the)v.-ing “做……事”之意～如, 打语语生 语物do some cleaningdo some shopping ?作介语的语语,Her sister is good at learning physics. ?作形容语等的语语,worth, busyThis book is well worth reading. 作定语,(4)The sleeping child is only five years old. 作语语语足语,(5)We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以语有语语语合语语的语语有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, 等。find, have, keep 作语,?语语语,状状(6)Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分语在句中作语语语语～其前一般可加状或when ～while 如,When crossing street, you must be careful. ?原因语,状Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ?方式或伴语,随状Mary stood at the school gate 31 waiting for Betty. 主语语语完成式的基本用法。主语语语完成式所3. -ing-ing 表示的语作语生在句中语语语语所表示的语作之前～一般在句 中作语语或原因语用。句中的主语是的语语主语～且是状它并 它所表示的语作的语行者～如,Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. 被语语语一般式的基本用法。被语语语一般式所4. -ing-ing 表示的语作是一正在语行中的被语语作～而且语被语个个 语作也是和句中语语所表示的语作同语语生的。一般在它 句中作定 语或语用。如,状The truck being repaired there is ours. 被语语语完成式的基本用法。被语语语完成式所5. -ing-ing 表示的语作语生在语语语语所表示的语作之前～在句中一般作 状语用。 如,Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 形式的语合语。在构前加物主代语或名语所有6. -ing-ing 格成即构的语合语。其中的物主代语或名语所有格语构-ing- 的语语主语。语语语在句中可作主语、语语或表语～构ing 如,Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 形式语语不定式在句中作主语、表语、语语语的语与区。7. -ing 32 一般语～表示一比语抽象或泛指的语作语多用来个形式-ing 表示一具某一次的语作语～多用语语不定式～个体 如,Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn’t want to play it today. 形式语语不定式在句中作定语的语。与区形式8. -ing-ing 作定语用语～其语作一般句中语语语语所表示的语语同语与 语生～而语语不定式作定语语～其语作一般语生在句中语语 语语所表示的语作之后。 如,The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write. 形式语语不定式在作语语语足语语的语。;与区,不9. -ing1 定式作语语语～其语作一般语生在语语语语所表示的语作之后～ 如,;,在I have told them to come again tomorrow.2see, 等之后～如果用形式作语语～表示其语watch, hear, feel-ing 作正在语行中～而用不语的不定式作语语语～不定式所表to 示的语作是一语作的语程～如,个I hear her singing in the 我语语正在屋里唱歌。 听她room.I hear her sing in the room.我语语在屋里唱语歌。听她 形式语语不定式在句中作语的语。与状区形10. -ing-ing 式在句作语表示语语、原因、方式或伴情～而语语不定状随况 式一般式在句中作语语～一般是作目的或语果语～状状 如,Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I 33 looked into the window to see what was going on inside. 语去分语的要点 语去分语的基本用法,语去分语只有一语形式～也有没 主语语语～所表示的语作是一被语的或是已完成的语作。它个 语去分语在句中也可用作定语、表语、语语或语等成分。语去分状 语在句中作某语成分语～其语语主语一般语语分语所表示的语作 的承受者～如, ;,作定语,语去分语作定语语～如果语分语是一语个个1 语～就位于其修语的名语之前～如果是分语短语～就位于其 修语的名语之后。被语去分语所修语的名语～就是语分语的语语主语～如,The stolen car was found by the police last week. ;,作表语,语去分语作表语语～表示其语语主语所语的2 状语～其语语主语就是句中的主语～如,语The glass is broken.个玻璃杯是破的。 注,语去分语作表语语～和语语的被语语语语构两达相似～但者表的意语不同～如,The glass was 语璃杯是被我小弟弟打破个玻broken by my little brother. 的。 ;,作语语语足语,语去分语作语语语足语语～句中的语语就3 是其语语主语～如,When I opened the door, I found the 注,语语后的语合语语中～ground covered by fallen leaves. have 语语语足语如语语去分语～常表示语分语所表示的语作是由语人来 语行的而不是句中主语自己语行的～如,来I had my bike 34 昨天我;语人,把我的自行语语修了。找repaired yesterday. ;,作语,语去分语作语语～相于一语语句状状当个状从～4 语语的语语主语一般都是主句的主语～是语去分语所表示意语构 的语语语语。语了使作语的语去分语意语更加明～常在分语前状确 加等语语～如,when, if, while, though, asSeen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better. ;是语语的语语主语～是构的语语语语。,wegive 易语易混点 ,疑语语 ， 语语不定式,疑语代语和疑语副语后可加语语1 不定式成不定式短语～在句中可作主语、表语或语语～如构, How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. ,语语不定式的否定式,由， 语语不定式成～构2not 如, ,形式语语不定式在句中作主语、表语、语语语的与3v.-ing 区语。 ,形式,表示抽象或泛指的语作。v-ing 不定式,表示具某一次的语作。体 She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to_play it today. ,形式语语不定式在句中作定语的语。与区4v.-ing 35 ,形式,语作语语语语所表示的语作同语语生。与v-ing 不定式,语作语生在语语语语所表示的语作之后。 eg. The girl writing_a_letter_there can speak English very well. I have three letters to_write. ,形式语语不定式在作语语语足语语的语。与区5v.-ing 不定式作语语语～其语作一般语生在语语语语所表示的语(1) 作之后～ 如,I have told them to_come again tomorrow. 在等之后～如果用形式(2)see, watch, hear, feelv.-ing作语语～表示其语作正在语行中～而用不语的不定式作语语to 语～不定式所表示的语作是一语作的语程～个 如,我语语正在屋里听她I hear her singing in the room. 唱歌。 我语语在屋里唱语歌。听她I hear her sing in the room. ,形式语语不定式在句中作语的语。与状区6v.-ing ,形式,表示语语、原因、方式或伴情。随况v-ing 不定式,作目的或语果语。状 ,形式语去分语的语,与区7v.-ing 语语不同,形式表示主语念～及物语语的语去概(1)v.-ing 分语表示被语念。概 鼓舞人心的演语～an inspiring speech 36 受鼓舞的听众the inspired audience 语语语系不同,语在分语所表示的语作一般是正在语行(2) 中的语作～而语去分语所表示的语作～往往是已语完成的 语作～如, 正在语化的世界the changing world 已语语化了的世界the changed world ,立主格语,有语独构和语去分语在句中也有自8v.-ing 己的立的主语～语语立的主语一般语名语或代语～和独独v.- 语有语去分语成立主格语。语语在句中一般只作构独构构ing 状独语。 立主格中是使用语是语去分语～语要根据语它v.-ing 的主语和其所表示的语作的主语或被语语系定～如,来The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注意,?立语中的独构或常可省beinghaving been去～如, The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room. ?作伴语的立语常可用随状独构短语代替～如来,with She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. , She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks. 非语语的解语步语或思路 ;,先判空格部分所需的是主句～句语是非语语断从1 语语。 37 独从立的句子～ 句或非语语 独号号号立的句子 加句～分或破折的语～后再加一个独立的句子。 独号立的句子～;逗, 有等语 加立独and,but, so 的句子。 ;,再根据主句的主语～判主语或被语～来断2 ;,接下再判语语～来断3 ;,如果是否定的语～一定要放在非语语的前面4not ;,一定不要忘语主语一致的原语～如果不一致的语～5 要把非语语的立主语加上。独 非语语常语的位置～或在句子中所的成分担当 ;, 非语语语语短语～ 主句 或者是 主句～ 非语语1+ 语语短语 语语的非语语语语短语起到语的作用状 例如, influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities. 在语语情下～首先况找出主句的主语～然后以主句的, 主语语出语点～判非语来断 语语语是主语语是被语～如果已有的非语语语语的主语和主句主语不一致～语要 考语立主格语～也就是把非语语语语的自己的主语加独构 上去, 38 例如, All flights having been cancelled , they decided to take the train. 其次把非语语语语和主句的语语比语～看是否同语语生语是, 有明语的先后。 ;, 在介语～语语或某些形容语的后面固定跟搭配2 只接语语形式而不接不定式作语语的语语有,-ing 承语感激 避免推语admit appreciate avoid put off 保持 考语 耽语keep consider delay/ postpone dislike 嫌语 抵制 提及 喜语 避免 resist mention enjoy escape excuse 39