科学家资料(2)

Newton(牛顿）Oneday,Newtonwaswalkingandthinkinginagarden.Hesawthatanapplefellfromatreetotheground.Itcameintohisthoughtthatthepowerofgravitywasnotlimitedtoacertaindistancefromearth.Thispowermustextendmuchfurtherthanwhatpeopleusuallythoughtbackthenandperhapsretainthemooninitsorbit.MarieCurie(居里夫人）MarieCuriewasborninthelate1800sinPoland.Thecountrywastornbywarswhenshewasgrowingup.HerfamilycalledherManya.Manya’sparentswereteachers,andtheytaughttheirfivechildrenthevalueoflearning.BeforeManyaturned11,hereldestsisterhaddiedoftyphusandhermotherhaddiedoftuberculosis.Despitetheselosses,Manyagraduatedfromhighschoolat15withthehighesthonors.WomenwerenotpermittedtostudyattheUniversityofWarsawbackthen.SheandhersisterhadtogotoParistogettheircollegeeducation. Aftermanyyearsofhardwork,shecompletedherdoctoralthesisin1903becamethefirstwomantoreceiveadoctorateinFrance.【第一篇】Edisonwasaninventorknownforhisinfluence,hisintelligenceandmostimportantlyhisperseverance.ThomasEdison,theyoungestofsevenchildren,wasborninMilan,Ohio,onFebruary11,1847,toSamuelandNancyEdison.Edison'slaboratoryatMenloPark,NewJerseybecamethefirstofitskind,theoriginalorganizedtechnicalresearchlaboratory,Edisoncreatedwhatisknownasthe"teamwork"laboratory.Hebelievedthatinventionsandresearchcouldbestbeaccomplishedbygreatmindsworkingtogether.Hislaboratoryisthebasisforthemajorityofourcurrentlaboratoriesandresearchdevelopmentplaces.Whilehedidn'tinventteamwork,hemadeitpopular.UntilEdison,mostinventorsworkedbythemselvesformanyyears,sometimesgivingupbecausetheycouldn'tsolveproblemsbythemselves.withitsresearch"team."Inventionsthatcameoutofthisnewresearchincludethemimeographmachine,thephonograph,thelightbulb,andmanyothers.【第二篇】BillGateswasbornonOctober28,1955.HelivedinSeattle,Washington.Hewasaverytalentedboy.Hisfavoritesubjectsatschoolwerescienceandmath.Whenpeopleaskedhimwhathewantedtobe,healwayssaid,“Ascientist(科学家).”Whenhewas13yearsold,Billstartedtoplaywithcomputers.Atthattime,compu-terswereverybigmachines.Heandsomeofhisfriendsspentalotoftimedoingun-usualthingswithit.Theyworkedoutasoftwareprogram(软件)withtheoldmachine.Billsolditfor$4,200whenhewasonly17.In1973,BillwenttoHarvardUniversity.Inhisthirdyear,heleftHarvardtoworkforacompany(公司)calledMicrosoft(微软).Billbeganthiscompanyin1975withhisfriendPaulAllen.In1999,BillwroteabookcalledBusiness@theSpeedofThought(未来时速).AlbertEinsteinonMarch14,1879intheGermancityofUlmwasborn,hisparentswereJewish.Einsteinhaveahappychildhood,hisfatherwasaquiet,docileandgood-heartedpeople,peoplewholoveliteratureandmathematics.Hismothermadeherstrong,popularmusicandinfluenceofAlbertEinstein,AlbertEinsteinplayedstudyviolinatagesix.Fromtheviolinbecamehislifelongcompanion.Einstein'sparentshaveapositiveimpactonhisfamilyandeducation,homefilledwiththespiritoffreedomandauspiciousatmosphere.ArchimedeswasawisemanwholivedinGreecelong,longago.Hewassowisethateventhekingwashisfriend.Onedaythekingaskedhim,"Howdoyou1ikemynewcrownIt'sallgold."Thekingstopped."Thatis,Ithinkit'sallgold,"hesaid,"Igaveamangoldtomakethiscrown.ButIthinkhemayhavekeptsomeofit.Tomakeupforwhathetook,hemayhaveaddedsilver.""Youareawiseman,"thekingwenton,"Findoutifthiscrownisallgold.ThatwayIwillknowifthemankeptsomeofmygold."Archimedesthoughtaboutthecrownforalongtime.Then,onedayhehadanidea.Hethoughtofitashesteppedintohisbath.Hesawthatthewaterranoutoverthesides."Eureka!"heyelled.(Thatmeans"I'vegotit!"inGreek.)Hehoppedoutofhisbath.Heranallthewaytotheking'shome.Itissaidthathedidnotevendress.WhywashesoexcitedWel1,thebathwatershowedhimsomething.Nowheknewhowtotellifthecrownwasmadeonlyofgold.Archimedesaskedthekingforapieceofgold."Itmustbethesamesizeastheoneyougavetheman,"hesaid.Thenhefilledapanwithwater.Initheputthepieceofgold.Thewaterrose.Hethentookthegoldout.Heputthecrowninthepan.Thewaterroseevenhigherthanbefore.Thatshouldnothavehappened!Thecrownandthepieceofgoldshouldhavetakenupthesamespaceinthepan.Somethinghadbeenaddedtothecrown.Itmayhavebeensilver.Itmayhavebeensomethingelse.Butthecrownwasnota1lgold.Archimedes'sideawassocleverthatitisstillusedtoday.Andhewentontolearnmanyotherthings.Buthesometimesgothisideasinstrangeplaces.