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九年级全一册人教版初中英语单词表

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九年级全一册人教版初中英语单词表Unit 1 flashcard/’fl/ n. (有单词或图画的)抽认卡 vocabulary/v’kbjlr/n. 词汇 aloud /’lad/adv. 出声地,大声地 pronunciation /pr,nns’en/ n. 发音,发音法 specific /sp’sfk/ adj. 明确的,具体的 memorize /’memraz/ v. 记住,熟记 grammar /’grm(r)/ n. 语法,语法规则 differently...

九年级全一册人教版初中英语单词表
Unit 1 flashcard/’fl/ n. (有单词或图画的)抽认卡 vocabulary/v’kbjlr/n. 词汇 aloud /’lad/adv. 出声地,大声地 pronunciation /pr,nns’en/ n. 发音,发音法 specific /sp’sfk/ adj. 明确的,具体的 memorize /’memraz/ v. 记住,熟记 grammar /’grm(r)/ n. 语法,语法规则 differently /’dfrntl/ adv. 不同地,有区别地 frustrate /’frstret/ v. 使失望,使沮丧,使厌烦 frustrating /’frstret/ adj.令人失望,令人沮丧,令人厌烦 quickly /’kwkl/adv.愉地,迅速地 add /d/ v. 补充,继续说 pronounce /pr’nans/ v. 发……音,正确吐字(音) spoken /’skk/ adj. 口语的,口头 slowly/’skl/adv.慢地,缓慢地 mistake /m’stek/ n. 错误,过失 make mistakes 犯错,出错 comma /’k:m/,/’kɒm/n. 逗号 challenge/’t’lnd/n. 挑战 solution /s’lu:n/ n. 解决,解答 later on 以后,随后 realize /’raz/ v. 认识到了,了解到了 matter/’mt(r)/ v. 重要,要紧,有关系 it doesn't matter 没关系 afraid /’fred/ adj. 害怕的,犯愁的 be afraid to 害怕去做,不敢去做 laugh at 嘲笑,取笑 complete/km’pli:t/ adj. 完整的,完全的 secret/’si:krt/ n. 秘诀;诀巧 learner /’l:(r)nr/ n. 学习者 take notes n. 做笔记,做记录 term/t:(r)m/v. 学期 impress /m’press/ n. 使感动,使印象深刻 trouble /’trbl/ adv. 困难,苦恼,忧虑 fast /fst/ 快地,迅速地 look up adj. (在词典或参考书中)查阅,查找 soft /s:ft/ 软的,柔软的 make up 编造,组成,拼凑成 essay/’ese/ 文章 deal /di:l/ v. 处理,应付 deal with处理,应付 unless/n’les,n’les/ conj. 如果不,除非 unfair /,n’fer/ adj. 不公正的,不公平的 solve /s:lv/ v. 解决,解答 regard /r’g:(r)d/v. 将……视为 duty /’du:t/ n. 责任,义务 easily /’i:zl/adv. 容易地,简单地 influence /’nfns/ v. 影响,对……起作用 be angry with 生……的气,对……感到气愤 go by过去,消逝 friendship /’frendp/ n. 友情,友谊,友爱 lose /lu:z/ v. 失去,丧失 disagreement /,ds’gri:mnt/ n. 分歧,不一致,意见不合 development /d’velpmnt/ n. 成长,发展,进展 adult /’dlt,’dlt/ n. 成年人 try one's best尽力做 unimportant /,nm’p:(r)tnt/ adj. 不重要的 face /fes/ v. 面监,面对,正视 soldier /’sld(r)/n. 军人 break off突然中止,中断 psychologist /sa’k:ldst/ n. 心理学家,心理学研究者 Pierre (姓或名) 皮埃尔 Antonio (姓或名) 安东尼奥 Lillian (姓或名) 莉莲 Stephen (姓或名) 史蒂芬 Unit 2 used to过去经常,以前常常 air plane飞机 terrify /’ferfa/v. 使害怕,使恐惧 be terrified of 非常害怕的,极度恐惧的 go to sleep入睡 on /:n/ adj. 开着的,接通的,工作着的 insect /’nsekt/ n. 昆虫 candy /’knd/ n. 糖果 chew /tu:/ v. 嚼,咀嚼 gum /m/ n. 口香糖 chat /tt/ v. 聊天,闲谈 daily /’del/ adj. 每日的,日常 comic /’k:mk/,/’kɒmk/ n. 连环漫画,画杂志,报纸上的连环漫画栏 death /de/ n. 死,死亡 cause /k:z/ v. 造成,使发生 himself /hm’self/ pron. 他自己,他本身 patient /’peelf/ adj. 有耐心的,忍耐的 in the end最后,终于 make a decision 做决定,下决心 head teacher校长 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是 exactly /’zktl/ adv. 正,恰恰 even though 即使,纵然 no longer不再,已不 take pride in 对……感到自豪 attention/’tenn/ n. 注意,专心,留心 pay attention to doing 注意,专心,留心 give up 放弃 waste /west/ v. 浪费,滥用 Murray /’m:r/ 默里(姓) UNIT3 pierce /prs/,/ps/ v. 刺穿,刺破 license /’lasns/n. 执照,许可证 silly /’sl/adj. 愚蠢的,傻的 earring /’tr/ n. 耳环 instead of dong 而不是 stay up 不睡觉,熬夜 concentrate /’k:nsntret/ v. 集中,聚集 concentrate on全神贯注,专心于 study /’std/ n. 学习,研究 design /‘/v. 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 ,构思 present /’preznt/n. 目前,现在 at present 目前,现在 opportunity /,:p’ / n. 机会,时机 volunteer/,v:ln’tr//, vɒln’t / v. 自愿 local/’lkl/ adj.地方的,当地的 experience /k’sprn s / v. 经历,体验 member /’memb(r)/ n. 会员,成员 mess/mes/n.混乱,脏乱 old people's home养老院 sleepy /’sli:p/ adj. 困倦,不活跃的 reply /r’pla/ v. 回答,答复 newsletter /’nuz,letr/ n. 时事通讯,简单报 obey /’be/ v. 服从,顺从 in the way挡道的,妨碍人的 achieve /’ti:v/ v.完成,实现 race /res/ n. 赛跑,比赛,与…….赛跑 realistic /r’/ adj. 现实的,注重实际的 taught /t:t/ v. teach的过去式或过去分词 importance /m’p:(r)tns/ n. 重要,重要性 care about担心,关心 succeed /sk’si:d/ v. 成功,达到,完成 point /pnt/ n. 要点,论点 Kathy /’k/ 凯西 UNIT4 million /’mljn/ n. 百万 medical /’medkl/ adj. 医学的,医疗的 research /r’s:(r)t/ n. 研究,调查 tie /ta/n. 领带 worry/’w:r/n. 烦恼,忧虑 what if 如果……将会怎么样 pimple /’pmpl/ n. 小脓疱 energetic/,en(r)’detk/ adj. 有活力的,精力充沛的 confident/’k:nfdnt/adj. 自信的,有把握的 permission /p(r)’mn/ n. 允许,许可,准许 herself /h:(r)’self/ pron 她自己,她本身 bother /’b:r//’bɒr/ v. 使恼怒,打拢 not…in the slightest 一点也不,根本不 annoy /’n/ v. 使生气,使烦恼 fairly/’ferl/ adv. 相当地,还算 plenty /’plent/ pron. 相当地,还算 plenty if 还算,相当的 get along with也……相处 circle /’s:(r)kl/ n. (有共同的举,职业等的人形成的)圈子,阶层 listener /’ln(r)/ n. 听者,收听者 knowledgeable /’n:ldbl/ adj. 知识渊博,有见识的 represent /,repr’zent/ v. 代表,表示 let down使用……失望,或沮丧 come up with提出,想出 rest /rest/ n. 剩余部分,其余 aid /ed/ n. 帮助,救助,援助,救护 first-aid 急救 nearby /’nrba/adj. 附近的,近处的 shelf /elf/ n. 架子,搁板 come out出版,发表 cover /’kv(r)/ v. 覆盖,遮掩 press /pres/ v. 按,压,挤 deep /di:p/ adj. 深的 downstairs /,dan’sterz/ adv. 顺楼梯而下,在楼下 correct /k’rekt/ adj. 对的,正确的,准确的 burn /b:(r)n/ v. 烧伤,烧坏 knee /ni:/ n. 膝,膝盖 pain /pen/ n. 疼,疼痛 hurt /h:(r)t/ v. 身体部位,感到疼痛 offer /’:fr/ v. 提供 refuse /r’fju:z/ v. 拒绝,回绝 helpful /’helɒfl/ adj. 有帮助的,有用的 treat /tri:t/ v. 对待 burn /b:(r)n/ n. 火、热或酸所造所的伤害或伤痕。烧伤处 Spotty /’sp:t/ adj. 多斑点的,发疹的。 UNIT5 belong /b’l:/ v. 属于 belong to 属于 author /’:(r)/ n. 作家,作者 picnic /’pknk/ n. (自带食物的)郊洲野餐 hair band发带 possibly /’p:sbl/ adv. 可能地,也许 drop /dr:p/ v. 落下,掉下 symphony /’smfn/ n. 交响乐,交响曲 optometrist /:p’t:mtrst/ n. 验光师,配镜师 appointment /’pmnt/ n. 约会,约定 crucial /’kru:l/ adj. 关键的,至关重要的 make up 形成,组成,构成 final /’fanl/ adj. 最后的,最终的 anxious /’ks/ adj. 忧虑的,焦虑的,不安的 worried /’w:rd/ adj. 烦恼的,焦虑的 owner /’n(r)/ n. 所有者,物主 Oxford /’:ksfrd//’ɒksfrd/University /,ju:n’v:(r)st/ v. 牛津大学 chase /tes/ n. 追逐,追赶 sky /ska/ n. 天,天空 helicopter /’helk:ptr//’helkɒpt/ n. 直升机 creature /’kri:t(r)/ v. 生物,动物 catch /kt/ v. 赶上(车船等),捕获 unhappy /n’hp/ adj. 不快乐的,不愉快的 extremely /k’stri:ml/ adv. 极其,非常 interview /’ntvju:/ v. 面试,采访,会见 noise /nz/ n. 噪音,喧闹,嘈杂声 wind /wnd/ n. 风 neighbor /’neb(r)/ n. 邻居 footstep /’ftstep/ n. 脚步声,足迹 garbage /’:(r)bd/ n. 垃圾,废料 mystery /’mstr/ n. 神秘的事物,不可思议的事,迷 director /d’rekt(r)/ n, 主管,主任 monkey /’mk/ n. 猴子 escape /’skep/ v. 逃跑,逃走 bark /b:(r)k/ v. (狗等)吠声,叫声 smell /smel/ n. 气味 finger /’f(r)/ n. 手指 lift /lft/ v. 举起,抬起 stone /stn/ n. 石头,石块 ant /nt/ n. 蚂蚁 ocean /’n/ n. 海洋 dishonest /ds’:nst/ /ds’ɒnst/adj. 不诚实的 pretend /pr’tend/ v. 假装 use up 用完,用光,耗尽 attempt /’tempt/ v. 试图,企图 Hemingway(Ernest Hemingway) /’hemwe/ 海明威 Mark Twain /m:(r)k/ /twen/ 马克。吐温 Fred 弗雷德 Review of units1-5 net /net/ 网,网状物 turn off 关掉 polar/’pl(r)/ bear 北极熊 Vietnam /,vjet’n:m/,/,vjet’nm/ 越南 Unit 6 prefer /pr’f:(r)/ v. 更喜爱,更喜欢 lyric /’lrk/ n. (常pl)歌词,抒情词句 gentle /’dentl/ sdj. 轻柔的,柔和的 dislike /ds’lak/ v. 不喜欢 remind /r’mand/ of 提醒,使记起 heart /h:(r)t/ n. 心,内心 string /str/ n. 细绳,线 sink /sk/ v. 下沉,沉没 Yellow River 黄河 fisherman /’f(r)mn/ n. 渔民,渔夫 latest /’letst/ adj. 最近的 entertainment /,ent(r)tenmt/ n. 娱乐,乐趣,快乐 feature /’fi:t(r)/ n. 特点,特征 photography /f’t:rf/,/f’tɒrf/ n. 摄影,照相 gallery /’lr/ n. 美术馆,画廊 photographer /f’t:rfr//f’tɒrfr/ n. 摄影者,摄影师 display /’ntrst/ v.&n. 展览,陈列 on display 展览,陈列 photograph /’ftrf//’ftr:f/ n. 照片,相片 interest /’ntrst/ v. 引起,关注,使……感兴趣 class /kls//kl:s/ n. 等级,类别 whatever /w:t’evr/ /wɒt’evr/pron. 不管什么,无论什么,任何(事物) miss /ms/ v. 错过,遗漏 suggest /s’dest/ /s’dest/v. 显示,间接表明,暗示 energy /’en(r)d/ n. 活力,力量 okay=OK /,’ke/ adj. 好的 pro /pr/ n. (常pl)赞成的观点 con /k:n/ n. (常pl)反对的观点 honest /’:nst/ adj. 诚实的,真诚的 course /’k:(r)s/ n. 课程 suit /su:t//sju:t/ v. 适合,使感到满意 suit sb.(fine) (口语)很合某人的意,对某人很合适 expect /k’spekt/ v. 期待,预料 sweet /swi:t/ adj. 甜的 taste /test/ v. 品尝,尝起来 to be honest 插入语,老实说,说实在的 be bad for 对……有害 actually /’ktl//’ktl/ adv. 实际上,说实在的 fry /fra/ v. 油煎,油炸 mainly /’menl/ adv. 主要地,首要地 stay away from 与……保持距离 be in agreement 意见一致 it self /t’self/ pron. (反身代词)它自己,它本身 laboratory /’lbrt:r//l’brt:r/ n. 实验室 type /tap/ n. 类型,种类 cancer /’kns(r)/ n. 癌症 barbecue /’b:(r)bkju:/ n. 户外烤肉餐v. 烤肉 increase // v. 增加,增大 risk /rsk/ n. 危险,风险 biscuit /’bskt/ n. 饼干 main /men/ adj. 主要的,首要的 exclamation /,ekskl’men/ n. 感叹号 tag /t/ question 附加疑问句 contraction /kn’trkn/ n. 缩略词,缩略形式 tasty /’test/ adj. 味道好的,味美可口的 vegetarian /,ved’tern//,ved’ten/ n. 素食主义者 shock /:k//ɒk/ v. 使……震惊 Carmen /’k:(r)men/ 卡门(女名) Dan /dn/ 丹 UNIT7 tiring /’tar/ adj. 引起疲劳的,累人的 educational /,ed’kenl/ /,ed’kenl/adj. 教育的,有教育意义的 peaceful /’pi:sfl/ adj. 平静的,宁静的,和平的 fascinating /’fset/ adj. 迷人的,有极大吸引力的 thrilling /’rl/ adj. 令人激动的,令人震颤的 take it easy 从容,轻松,不紧张 Florida /’fl:rd//’flɒrd/ 美国的佛里达州 trek /trek/ v. 长途跋涉,旅行 Amazon /’mzn/ 亚马逊河 jungle /’dl/ n. 热带丛林 fall /f:l/ n. (常pl)瀑布 Niagara /na’r/Falls/f:lz/ 北美洲的尼来加拉大瀑布 touristy /’trst//’trst/ adj. 游客很多的,游客常去的,适合游览的 spotlight /’sp:tlat/ n. 公众注意的中心 consider /kn’sd(r)/ v. 考虑,思考,认为 lively /lavl/ adj. 充满活力的,生机勃勃的, sight /sat/ n. (常pl)名胜,风景 including /n’klu:d/ prep. 包含,包括 tower /’ta(r)/ n. 塔,塔楼 Eiffel /’afl/ Tower 埃菲尔铁塔 cathedral /k’i:drl/ n. 总教堂,主教座堂,大教堂 Notre Dame Cathedral /,ntr’d:m,,ntr’dem/ 法国的巴黎圣母院 church /t:(r)t/ n. 教堂 convenient /kn’vi:nnt/ adj. 便利的,方便的 underground /’nd(r)rand/ adj. 地下的 general /’denrl/ n. 一般事物,一般原则 in general通常,大体上,一般而言 wine /wan/ n. 葡萄酒,酒 translate /trns’let/ v. 翻译 pack /pk/ v. 把……打包,把……装箱 light /lat/ adj. 轻的 eastern /’i:st(r)n/ adj. 东部的,来自东部的 provide /pr’vad/ v. 提供,供应,供给 firm /f:(r)m/ n. 公司 spotlight /sp:t/ n. 地点,场所 Confucius /kn’fju:s/ 孔子 sail /sel/ v. 航行,在……上航行 Pacific /p’sfk/ n. 太平洋 finding /’fand/ n. 发现,发现物,调查结果 thousands of数以千计的,许许多多的 as soon as possible尽快地 continue /kntnju:/ v. 使继续,坚持下去 programming /’prrm/ n. 编程 translator /trns’let(r)/ n. 翻译员 report /r’p:t/ v. 报道,报告 willing /’wl/ adj. 乐意的,自愿的,心甘心愿的 be willing to 乐意(做某事) quite a few 相当多,不少 dream /dri:m/ v. 做梦,梦到,梦想,幻想 dream of梦想,向往 sportspeople /’sp:(r)ts,pi:pl/ n. 爱好运动的人,运动员 conclusion /kn’klu:n/ n. 结论 hold on to继续,坚持,保持 attitude /’ttu:d//’ttju:d/ n. 态度 UNIT8 clean up (把…...)打扫干净 hunger /’h(r)/ n. 饿,饥饿 homeless /’hmls/ adj. 无家可归的 cheer/tr/ /t/ up使振奋,使高兴起来 give out 分发,发放 clean-up/’kli:np/ n. 打扫,清洁 sign /san/ n. 标牌,招牌 advertisement /,dvr’tazmnt/ n. 广告,广告活动 put off 推迟,拖延 set /set/ v. 摆放,放置 set up建立,创立,开办 establish /’sta:bl/ v. 建立,建造,设立 think up 想出 major /’med/ adj. 主要的,重大的 commitment /k’mtmnt/ n. 奉献,忠诚,辛劳 elementary /,el’mentr/ adj. 基础的,初级的,小学的 veterinarian /,vetr’nern//,vetr’nern/ n. 兽医 coach /kt/ v. 训练,指导 take after在外貌、性格等方面与……相像 fix /fks/ v. 修理 fix up修理,修补 repair /r’per/ v. 修理,修补 similar // sdj. 相似的,相仿的 put up 张贴,搭建 ask for要,要求,请求 hand out分发,发放 call-in /’k:lm/ n. 听(观)众来电直播节目 strategy /’strtd/ n. 方法,策略 work out产生结果,发展,成功 website /’websat/ n. 互联网的站点 disabled // adj. 肢体有残疾的 organization // n. 组织,机构,系统 fill /fl/ v. 装满,填满 pleasure /’ple(r)/ n. 愉快;快乐,高兴 blind /bland/ adj. 盲的 deaf /def/ adj. 聋的 unable /n’ebl/ adj. 不能的,不会的 cannot /’kn:t/ imagine /’mdn/ v. 想像 shut /t/ v. 关上 carry /’kr/ v. 搬运,携带 help (sb) out 帮助(某人解决困难) specially /’spel/ adv. 特意地,专门地 fetch /fet/ v. (去)拿来,请来 at once 立即,马上 support /s’p:(r)t/ v. 支持,帮助 appreciate /’ri:et/ v. 感激 donation /d’nen/ n. 捐赠物,捐款 part of speech词性,词类 pronoun /’prnan/ n. 代词 adverb /’dv:(r)b/ n. 副词 preposition /,prep’zn/ n. 介词 conjunction /kn’dkn/ n. 连词 donate /dnet/ v. 捐赠,赠送 UNIT9 invent /n’vent/ v. 发明,创造 calculator /’klkj/n. 计算器 be used for用来做…… scoop /sku:p/ v. 用勺舀, n. 勺子 adjustable /’dstbl/ adj. 可调整的 heel /hi:l/ n. 鞋,补救等的后跟,足跟 battery /’btr/ n. 电池 operate /’:prent/ v. 操作,作业 battery-operated 电池供电的 slipper /’slp(r)/ n. 拖鞋 heat /hi:t/ v, 加热,使变热 bulb /blb/ n, 电灯泡,电灯 light bulb电灯泡 microwave /’makrwev/ n. 微波 microwave voen 微波炉 crispy /’krsp/adj. 脆的,易碎的 salty/’s:lt/ adj. 咸的,含盐的 sour /sar//sa/adj.酸的,酸味的 by mistake 错误的 chef /ef/ n. 厨师 sprinkle /’spr/ v. 撒,洒 by accident 偶然地,意外地 beverage /’bevrd/n. 饮料 according/’k/ to 根据,按照,据……所说,视……而定 ancient /’ennt/ adj. 古代的,古老的 legend /’lednd/ n. 传说,传奇故事 Shen Nong 神农 bush /b/ n. 灌木 fall into落入, remain /r’men/ v. 留下,被遗留 notice /’nts/ v. 注意到,察觉到 produce /pr’du:s/ v. 生产,制造,产生 pleasant /’pleznt/ adj. 合意的,令人愉快的 mixture /’mkst(r)/ n. 混合,混合物 in this way这样 pie /pa/ n. 馅饼 flying /’fla/年。n.飞碟,飞盘 bakery /’bekr/ n. 面包店 Bridgeport /’brdp:(r)t/ 布里奇波特(美国地名) Connecticut /k’netkt/ /k’netkt/ 康涅狄格州(美国地名) throw /r/ v. 投,掷 taste /test/ n. 味道,风味 lemon /’lemn/ n. 柠檬 cookie /’kk/ n. 小甜饼干,曲奇饼 abacus /’ktv/ n. 算盘 binoculars /ba’n:kjlra/ /ba’nɒkjlra/ n. 双筒望远镜 century /’sentr/ n. 世纪,百年 rank /rnk/ n. 顺序,级别 active /’ktv/ sfj. 活动的,活泼的,积极的 indoors /,n’d:(r)z/ sfb. 在户内 create /kr’et/ b. 创造,创作,创建 wooden /’wdn/ sfj. 木制的 knock /n:k/ b. 敲,击,碰撞 knock into与……相撞 divide /d’vad/ b. 分开,划分 aim /em/ n. 目标,目的 basket /’bskt/ n. 篮,筐 metal /’metl/ n. 金属 hoop /hu:p/ n. 环,圈,篮圈 shoot /u:t/ b. 投篮,射击 below /b’l/ ptrp.&adv. 在……的下面,低于…… backboard /’bkb:(r)d/ n. 篮板,背板 guide /gad/ v. 指导,带领 towards /tw:rdz/ prep 向着,朝着 court /k:(r)t/ n. 球场 Berlin /b:(r)’lm/ 柏林 develop /d’velp/ v. 使发展,使成长,使发达 popularity /,p:pj’lrt/ /,pɒpj’lrt/ n. 普及,流行 rise /raz/ v. 上升,达到较高的水平等 risen /’rzn/ v. rise的过去分词 worldwide /,w:(r)ld’wad/ adv.&adj. 世界范围的,世界性的 association /,ss’en/ /,s’en/n. 协会 equipment /’kwpmnt/ n. 装备,器材 Chelsea /’tels/ Lanmon(姓或名) 切尔西,来蒙 Jayce /des/ Coziar (姓或名) 杰斯,克里亚 Jamie /’dem/ Ellsworth (姓或名) 杰米,埃尔斯沃思 Julie /’du:l/ (姓或名) 朱莉.汤普森 Crum /krm/ (姓或名) 克拉姆 James /demz/ Naismith (姓或名) 詹姆斯.奈史密斯 UNIT10 by the time 到……时候,到……之前 gotten /’:tn/,/’ɒtn/ v. get的过去分词 oversleep /,v(r)’slip/ v. 睡过头,睡得过久 go off 发出响声 rush /rf/ v. 冲,奔 run off 跑掉,迅速离开 on time 准时 lock /l:k/ v. 锁上,锁 relative /’reltv/ n. 亲属,亲戚 broke /brk/ v. break的过去式 break down 停止运转,出故障 fool /fu:l/ v. 愚弄,欺骗, n. 愚人,白痴 costume /’k:stu:m// kɒstu:m / n. 特定场合的成套服装,戏装 embarrassed /m’brst/ adj. 尴尬,为难的 empty /’empt/ adj. 空的, v. 排空,倒出 show up 出度,露面 exhausted /’z:std/ adj. 极其疲惫的,精疲力竭的 April Fllo's day 愚人节 announce /’nans/ v. 宣布,宣告 Mars /m:(r)z/ n. 火星 convincing /kn’vns/ adjl 令人信服的,有说服力的 panic /’pnk/ n. 恐慌,惊恐 set off激起,引起 authority /’:rt//’ɒrt/ n. 权威机构,行政管理机构 reveal /r’vi:l/ v. 揭示,揭露 hoax /hks/ v. 骗局,恶作剧,玩笑 flee /fli:/ n. 逃,逃走 fled /fled/ v. flee的过去式及过去分词 spaghetti /sp’get/ v. 意大利式细面条 farmer /’f:(r)m(r)/n. 农夫;农场主 sell out 卖完,售光 girlfriend /’:(r)lfrend/ n. 女朋友 marry /’mr/ v. 嫁,娶,与……结婚 thrill /rl/v. 使非常激动 get married 结婚 ending /’end/ n. 结局,结尾 embarrassing /m’brs/ adj. 令人尴尬的,令人为难的 a piece of一片,一块 Orson (名或姓) 奥森.韦尔斯 Review of unlts 6-10 Halloween 万圣节前夕 Holland 荷兰 Qomolangma球穆朗玛峰 UNIT11 restroom /,rest.ru:m/ n. 公共厕所,休息室 shampoo /m’pu:/ n. 洗发剂,先发香波 drugstore /’drst:(r)/ n. 杂货店,药店 cafe /kfe/n. 咖啡馆,小餐馆 department /d’p:(r)tmnt/ n. 部,局,部门 department store百货商店 escalator /’esklet(r)/ n. 电动扶梯, magic /’mdk/ n. 魔术,魔力 adj. 有魔力的 fresh /fre/ adj. 新鲜的,清新的 block /bl:k/ /blɒk/ n. 街区,街段 oak /k/ n, 橡树,橡木 uncrowded /,n’kradd/ adj. 不拥挤的,宽敞的 slide /slad/ n. 滑道,滑槽,滑动装置 water slide 水滑道 clown /klaun/ n. 小丑,丑角 staff /stf/ n. 职员,工作人员organized /’:(r)nazd/ adj. 安排有序的 dress up 穿上盛装,装扮 market /’m:(r)kt/ n. 市场,集市广场 lend /lend/ v. 借给,借出 park /p:(r)k/ v, 停车 alright /:l’rat/ adj.&adv. 合适的,可以的 direct /d’rekt,,da’rekt/ adj. 直截了当的,直接的 order /’:(r)d(r)/ n. 命令,指示 wonder /’wnd(r)/ v. 觉得奇怪,想知道 lead /li:d/ v. 引导,引诱 trouble /’trbl/ v. 烦恼,使烦恼 offend /’fend/ v. 冒犯,得罪,使生气 certain /’s:(r)tn/ adj. 某,某些,某个 structure /’strkt(r)/ n. 结构,构造 hand in 交上,提交,呈送 UNIT12 shake /ek/ v. 摇动,震动 shake hands 握手 custom /’kstm/ n. 风俗,习俗,习惯 bow/ba/ v. 鞠躬,弯腰 kiss /ks/ v.&n. 吻,新吻 Cali /’k:l/ (哥伦比亚西部城市)卡利 Colombia /k’lmb/ 哥伦比亚 relaxed /r’lkst/ adj. 放松的,宽松的,轻松自在的 drop by 顺便,拜访 land/lnd/ n. 国家,国土,土地 after all毕竟,终究,究竟 towards /tw:rdz/prep. 对于,关于 greet /ri:t/ v. 问候,向……打招呼 Peru /p’ru:/ 秘鲁 wipe /wap/ v. 擦,揩,抹 napkin /’npkn/ n. 餐巾 make a noise发出令人不愉快的声音 stick /stk/ v. 剌,戳穿,插 rude /ru:d/ adj. 粗鲁,无礼的 point /pnt/ v. 用……指,指向 go out of one's way to do sth. 特地(不怕麻烦地)做栽事 make sb. Feel at home使某人感受到宾至如归 manner /’mn(r)/ n. 礼貌,礼仪 table manners 餐桌礼 be/get used to 习惯于 fork /f:(r)k/ n. 叉,餐叉 full /fl/ adj. 吃饱的,过饱的 lap /lp/ n. 大腿 elbow /’elb/ n. 肘,肘部 gradually /’rdl/ adv. 逐渐地。渐渐地 particular /p(r)’tkjl(r)/ adj. 特殊的,独特地 compliment /’k:mplnnt //’kɒmplnnt / n. 称赞,恭维 toast /tst/ n..&v. 敬酒,祝酒 unfamiliar /,nf’ml(r)/ adj. 不熟悉的,陌生的 spoon /spu:n/ n. 匙,调羹 knife /naf/ n. 刀,餐刀 crowd /krad/ v. 挤满,充满 rubbish /’rb/ n. 垃圾,废物 seek /si:k/ v. 寻找,探究 chatline /’ttlan/ n. 聊天热线 online /’:nlan/adj.联机的,在线的 type /tap/ v. 打字 mostly /’mstl/adv.多半,主要地,通常 abbreviation /,bri:v’en/ n. 缩略词,缩写形式 form /f:(r)/ v. 构成,组成 phrase /frez/ n. 短语,词组 homophone /’h:mfn//’hɒmfn/ n. 同音形异义词 combine /km’bam/ v. 结合,组合 symbol /’smbl/ n. 象征,标志,符号 punctuation /,pkt’en/ n. 标点符号 mark /m:(r)k/ n. 记号,符号 emotion /’mtn/ n. 情感,感情 emoticon /’mtk:n / n. 由字符组成的图释 colon /’kln/ n. 冒号 bracket /’brkt/ n 括号 beside /b’sad/ n. 在……旁边,在……的附近 e-mail /’i:mel/ v. 发电子邮件 riddle /’rdl/ n. 谜语 learn…by oneself 自学 experiment /k’spermnt/ v. 试验,实验 proper /’pr:pr//’prɒpr/ adj. 合适的,适宜的,恰当的 pleased /pli:zd/ adj. 高兴的,满意的 queue /kju:/ v. 一队人, n. 排队 nornally /’n:(r)ml/ adv. 通常,正常地 whose /hu:z/ pron. 谁的 UNIT13 lagoon /l’u:n/n. 泻湖,环礁湖 scientific /,san’tfk/ adj. 科学的 therefore /’/ adv. 因此,所以 pink /pk/ adj. 粉红色的 lighting /’lat/ n. 光线,照明 hard /h:(r)d/ adj. 坚硬的,坚固的 serve /s:(r)v/ v. 为……服务,招待,端上(饭菜等) fair /fer/ adj. 公平的,公道的 campaign /k/ n. 运动 endangered /n’dend(r)d/ adj. 有绝种危险的,濒临灭绝的 slogan /’sln/ n. 标语,口号 mysterious /m’strs/ adj. 神秘的,不可思议的 shiny /’an/ adj. 有光泽的,发亮的 skin /skn/ n. 皮,皮肤 product /’pr:dkt/ n. 产品 lookout /’lkat/ n, 前景,远景 beauty /’bju:t/ n. 美,美貌 toothpaste /’tu:pest/ n. 牙膏 stardust /’st:(r)dst/n. 星团;幻觉 advertising /’dv(r)taz/ n. 广告 pros and cons赞成与反对,正面和反面 aim /em/ v. 瞄准,对准 aim at瞄准,对准,针对 specifically /sp’sfkl/ adv. 特定地,特殊地,明确地 instance /’nstns/ n. 例子,实例 for instance 例如,比如 list /lst/ v. 列出,列举,列表 confusing /kn’fju:z/ adj. 令人困惑的,含糊不清的 misleading /ms’li:d/ adj. 令人误解的,骗人的 truth /tru:/ n. 事实,真相 at times 有时,偶尔 to start with 首先 tense /tens/ adj. 紧张,焦虑的 home-made /,hm’med/ adj. 自制的,家里做的 schoolbag /’sku:lb/ n. 书包 purple /’p:(r)pl/ adj. 紫色的 purse /p:(r)s/ n. 钱包,女用小包 guilty /’lt/ adj. 内疚的,有罪的 taste /test/ n. 品味,审美力,鉴赏力 saying /’se-/ n. 格言,谚语,警句 thought /:t/ n. 思想,想法,考虑,关心 count /kant/ v. 有价值的,重要的 UNIT14 bathing /’be/ n. 游泳,洗澡 suit /su:t/ n,. (一套)衣服 bathing suit 游泳衣 towel /’tal/ n. 手巾,毛巾 water /’w:tr/ v. 浇灌,浇水 guidebook /’adbk/ n. 手册,指南 clean out清除,把……打扫干净 refrigerator /r’frdret/ n. 冰箱 garage /’r:/ n. 汽车库,汽车间 suitcase /’su:tkes/,/’sju:tkes/ n. 旅行用小提箱,衣箱 get back to sb过一会再与某人通话 chop/t:p/ /tɒp/ v. 砍,劈,剁 wood /wd/ n. 木头,木材 light /lat/ v. 点燃,点着 well /wel/ n. 井,水井 farm /f:/ n. 农场,农庄 anyway /’enwe/ adv. 不管怎样,不论用何种方式 award /’w:/ n. 奖赏,奖金 wave /wev/ n. 波浪,波涛 scene /si:n/ n. 舞台 hit /ht/ n. 成功且轰动一时的事物(如歌曲), v. 打击, appear /’pr/ v. 出现,露面 lead /li:d/ n. 主角 lead singer主唱者 some day(=someday) 来日,将来某一日 be off离开,走开 poem /’pm/ n. 诗,韵文 cupboard /’km/ n. 食橱,碗橱,衣橱 turn /t:/ n. 一次机会 mail /’mel/ n. 邮件,邮包,邮政 ancestor /’nsest/ n. 祖先,祖宗 root /ru:t/ adj. 根,根源 overseas /’v/ adj. 海外的,国外的 homeland /’hmlnd/ n. 祖国,故乡 government /’vrnmnt/ /’vnmnt/n. 政府 so far 到目前为止 southern /’s/ adj. 南方的,在南方的 villager /’vld/ n. 村民,乡村居民 thanks to 幸亏,由于,因为 strongly /’str:l//’strɒl/ adv. 坚定地,坚决地 purpose /’p:/ n. 目的,意图 step /step/ n. 步,脚步,步骤 look forward /’f:/ to 盼望,期待 Crystal (姓或名) 克里斯特尔 Elise(姓或名) 埃莉斯 Mariah (姓或名) 玛丽亚 Carey(姓或名) 凯里 UNIT15 manatee /’mnti:/ n. 海牛 furry /’f:r/ adj. 毛皮的,似毛皮的,长有毛皮的 enormous /’n:(r)ms/ adj. 巨大的,庞大的 playful /’plefl/ adj. 顽皮的,爱玩耍的 aggressive /’resv/ adj. 侵犯的,挑衅的 gray /re/ adj.&n. 偏灰色的,灰色的 spotted /’sp:td/,/’spɒtd/ adj. 有斑点的,有点子的 kangaroo /,k’/ n. 袋鼠 chimpanzee /,tmpn’zi:/ n. 黑猩猩 cheetah /’ti:t/ n. 猎豹 mangrove /’mrv/ n. 红树(一种热带树木,生于水中或水边) swamp /sw:p/ /swɒp/ n. 沼泽,沼泽地 habitat /’hbtt/ n. 栖息地 aquatic /’kw:tk//’kwɒtk/ adj. 水生的,水栖的, n. 水生植物,水生动物 feed/fi:d/n. 动物的食物,饲料 underwater /,ndr’w:tr//,ndr’wɒtr/ adj. 在水下的,在水中的 vegetation /,wed’ten/ n. 植物,草木 weigh /we/ v. 称,称……重量 pound /pnd/ n. 磅 polluted /p’lu:ted/ adj. 被污染的 present progressive /pr’resv/ 现在进行时 present simple一般现在时 infinitive/n’fntv/ n. 动词原形,不定式 passive /’psv/ voice 被动语态 present perfect现在完成时 suitable /’su:tbl/ adj. 合适的,适宜的 tiny /’tan/ adj. 极小的,微小的 cage /ked/ n. 笼子 disgusted /ds’std/ adj. 厌恶的,憎恶的 educate /’edket/ v. 教育,培养 care for 关心,关怀,照顾 urge/:(r)d/v.强列要求,竭力主张 expression /k’spren/ n. 词语,表达方式,表达 recycle /,ri:’sakl/ v. 再循环,回收利用 built /blt/ v. build的过去式和过去分词 stuff /stf/ n. 原料,材料 pull /pl/ v. 拉,拖,拔 glue /lu:/ v. 粘贴,粘合,胶水 roof /ru:f/ n. 顶,屋顶,房顶 discard /ds’k:(r)d/ v. 丢弃,抛弃 tile /tal/ n. 瓦片,围墙 fence /fens/ n. 栅栏,围墙 can /kn/ n. 容器 recently /’ri:sntl/ adv. 最近 planet /’plnt/ n. 行星 society /s’sat/ n, 社团,社会 president /’prezdnt/ n, 总统,总裁,会长 inspiration /,nsp’rej/ n. 灵感,鼓舞人心的 spare /sper//spe/ adj. 多余的,空闲的 model /’m:dl//’mɒdl/ n. 模型 Winterbourne // (姓) 温特伯恩 Review of units 11-15 material /m’trl// m’trl/ n. 材料,物质,原料 business /’bzns/ n. 商业,生意 plastic /’plstk/ adj. 塑料制的, n. 塑料 certainly /’s:(r)tnl/ adv. 确实地,无疑地,当然,行 proud /prad/ adj. 自豪的,骄傲的 flag /fl/ n. 旗,旗帜 national flag 国旗 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 学英语简单吗?肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个:“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,如果你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”,那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音准确,准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心,敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时,你应该大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到,如果这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系,所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后,你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧,根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多,不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情,或当天学了某一个词组,你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法,又可以锻炼你的写作能力,比如学“wish”一词时,可写一小段如下: The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话:但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上,这样写下来印象会深刻得多,这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间,10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语,可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语,你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库,人脑经历过的事物,思考过的问题,体验过的情感和情绪,练习过的动作,都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子,甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的,这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多 人在学习英语的过程中,只注重了学习当时的记忆效果,孰不知,要想做好学习的记忆工作,是要下一番工夫的,单纯的注重当时的记忆效果,而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。 在信息的处理上,记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程,从信息处理的角度上,英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的,它可以存贮1015比特(byte,字节)的信息,可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%,还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为,有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果,却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的牢固度问题,那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。 一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释 德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909),他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后,记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一,而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。 根据我们所知道的,记忆的保持在时间上是不同的,有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的: 输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,但是如果不经过及时的复习,这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而经过了及时的复习,这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么,对于我们来讲,怎样才叫做遗忘呢,所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来,也不能回忆起来,或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆,这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的,他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节,也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合,比如asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试,得到了一些数据。 然后,艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线,这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线:艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量,横轴表示时间(天数),曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。 这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的,遗忘的进程不是均衡的,不是固定的一天丢掉几个,转天又丢几个的,而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快,后来就逐渐减慢了,到了相当长的时候后,几乎就不再遗忘了,这就是遗忘的发展规律,即"先快后慢"的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线,你会发现,学得的知识在一天后,如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢,遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验,两组学生学习一段课文,甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习,乙组不予复习,一天后甲组保持98%,乙组保持56%;一周后甲组保持83%,乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。 二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线 而且,艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现,记住12个无意义音节,平均需要重复16.5次;为了记住36个无意义章节,需重复54次;而记忆六首诗中的480个音节,平均只需要重复8次!这个实验告诉我们,凡是理解了的知识,就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然,愣是死记硬背,那也是费力不讨好的。因此,比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料,而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气,在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线,而且是对无意义的音节而言,对于与其他材料的对比,艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线,不过他们大体上都是一致的。 因此,艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理,学习要勤于复习,而且记忆的理解效果越好,遗忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯 上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后,产生了不同的记忆数据,从而生成的一种曲线,是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点,而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。 但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人,因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同,可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为,只能起一个催化的作用,如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合,那么就如顺水扬帆,一日千里;如果与个人记忆特点相悖,记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此,我们要根据每个人的不同特点,寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线 2》如何学英语 下定决心,坚持不懈 英语学习作为一门语言技能,通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说,英语学习的原则是听、说领先,读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡,首先建立起我能学好英语的信心,然后以句子为单位,大量地模仿,疯狂地操练,大声地朗读,最后达到自如地说英语,他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语,一年后,学成出国当口语翻译,并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法,他的方法强调以听为主,并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳,他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机,你可想象他听了多少英语;用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐,你可想象他写了多少,在一年半内,累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时,也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样,一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持,只要能下定决心,坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语,战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。 注意方法,循序渐进 决心下定,还注意学习方法,有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的,选择不同的学习方法,但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好,也就是说,发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。 (1)要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确,注意改正有问题的音素,特别是那些容易混淆的音素,尽早地掌握国际音标,并尽量的掌握一些读音规则,尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词,掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。 (2)掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关,学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握,要注意单词的一词多义,一词多类的用法,要学会一些构词法的知识,来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学,要结合词组,通过句子,阅读文章来活记单词,死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前,先反复听,听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏,想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。 (3)掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要,它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律,通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住,活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练,不但要注意数量,更重要的是要注意质量,尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确,熟练。只有经过大量的实践,才能做到熟能生巧,运用自如。 提前预习,有的放矢 作为学生,在每次上课前,都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词,也可以借助配套磁带反复听,对比一下,把握不准的要标出来,注意上课老师的发音,还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料,预习一遍课文,找出不明白的地方,做到心中有数,在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之,预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容,找出不明白的地方,带着问题听课,做到有的放矢。 认真听课,积极配合 课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的,但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的,要向老师提出,把问题搞清楚,老师讲授的问题,先注意听,下课后整理一下笔记,反复思考一下这些问题,抓住老师所讲的重点,难点和考点。总之,上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想,调动起多个感官来。 完成作业,找出问题 学完每一课,要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案,做完后再对答案,对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题,应该记下来,等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节,它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程,一定要认真完成规定的作业,笔头作业要动一动笔,口头作业要动一动嘴,提高听力要练一练耳,课文在听和读的基础上,最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之,要做大量的练习,英语是练出来的, 一定不要偷懒。 及时复习,巩固知识 学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘,但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比,总结知识,把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录,加深印象,以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的,及时复习对于记忆非常必要,学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练,不断地重复基本句型,常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。 总而言之,只要你能做到下定决心学,注意学习方法,把课前预习,认真听课,完成作业,及时复习这些环节作好了,你一定能够学好英语 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 ★清华大学★英语系测试: 牛津英语新教材重要语法项目专项练习 现在进行时练习 I. 按要求改写句子 1. The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:____________________________ 一般疑问句:_________________________ 肯定回答:__________________________ 否定回答:__________________________ 对“is playing basketball”提问:__________________________ 对“ The boy”提问:__________________________ 2. They are singing in the classroom. 否定句:____________________________ 一般疑问句:_________________________ 肯定回答:__________________________ 否定回答:__________________________ 对“are singing ”提问:__________________________ 对“ in the classroom”提问:__________________________ 3.仿照例句造句: Model:read,a book --What are you doing? --I'm reading a book. 1).read a new book ________________ 2).clean the blackboard ________________ 4.she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _____________________ 5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问) ________________________ 6.is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句) ______________________ 7.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问) ________________________ 8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句) ______________________ 9.You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子) ______________________ 10.they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.) _____________________ 11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) ______________________ II.单项选择 ( )1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby. ( )2._____friend's making______a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his ( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking翰林汇 ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where ( )6.Is she____something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to ( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him. (C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him. ( )10.They are_____their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on ( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing ( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing ( )13.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a ( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.The children_____football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a ( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.Here are many books. Please_____them. (A)look (B)write (C)count (D)taking ( )18.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_____you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )19.The man_____(work)mear the house now.翰林汇 ( )20.Look.Lucy is_____a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing III.用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_________you__________(do)? 2.I_____________(sing) an English song. 3.What________he____________(mend)? 4.He______________(mend) a car. 5.______you__________(fly) a kite?Yes,_______. 6.______she___________(sit) in the boat? 7.______you_____________(ask) questions? 8.We_______________(play) games now. IV.翻译 1.我正在读英语。 2.他正在写字。 3.你正在唱歌吗?是的,我在唱歌。不,我不在唱歌。 4.他(她)在听音乐吗? 5.你正在干什么? 我正在做作业。 6.看!杰克正在游泳。 7.听!她正在唱歌。 8.现在我正在打扫房间。 9.你父亲在干什么?他正在看电视。 10.他正在打一封信吗?是的。 11.琳达经常在晚上做作业,但她今晚在看电视。 12.今天天气不错。瞧!他们正在草地上玩耍。 13.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。 14.现在我们正在吃晚餐。 15.我的父母年岁越来越老了。 一般现在时用法专练 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often         (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy        (be) in Class One. 3. We        (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick        (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5.        they         (like) the World Cup? 6. What        they often        (do) on Saturdays? 7.         your parents        (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl        (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I         (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There         (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike        (like) cooking. 12. They        (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt        (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always        (do) your homework well. 15. I        (be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She        (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao        (do) not like PE. 18. The child often        (watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang        (have) eight lessons this term. 20.  -What day        (be) it today? - It’s Saturday. 二、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)                                      2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)                                      3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)                                      4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)                                      5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)                                      6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)                                      7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)                                      8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)                                      9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)                                      10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)                                      三、翻译 1.他在第三小学上学。他每天早上七点上学。(No. 3 Primary School) 2.父亲每天早晨都浇花。 3.我女儿喜欢看电视和听音乐。 4.桑迪放学后打羽毛球吗?   不。她学习很用功。放学后她总是看书。 5.    我每天六点钟起床。 I ______ _____ _______ six every morning. 6.    我在周末爬山。 I _______ __________ _______ the weekend. 7.    小明经常去远足。 Xiao Ming _________ ________ hiking. 8.    她总是在星期天看望爷爷奶奶。 She _______ __________ her grandparents on Sundays. 9.    你几点上学? When ________ you go to school? 10.    他什么时候去上班? When ________ he go to _________? 11.    李云喜欢秋天,不喜欢冬天。 Li Yun _________ autumn, but he _________ like winter. 12.    你最喜欢哪一个季节? Which ________ season _________ you like best? 13.    他喜欢在湖里游泳,但不喜欢在河边钓鱼。 He ________ _________ swim in the lake, but he ________ like _________ go fishing at the river. 14.你为什么不喜欢夏天? Why _________ you like summer? 15.我最喜欢春天。 I __________ __________ __________. 16.今天的天气怎么样? What’s the _________ like _________? 13.你的生日是什么时候? _________ is your __________? 17.我的生日在十一月。 My _________ is __________ ____________. 18.Bill叔叔的生日在7月3日。 __________ _________ birthday is _______ ___________ ______ ________. 19.奶奶的生日在6月吗? ________ __________ birthday in __________? 20.她有电脑吗? ___________ she __________ a computer? 21.谁的生日在十月? ____________ ___________ a birthday in __________? ____________ ___________ is in ____________? 22.今天多少号? ____________ the ___________ __________? 23.今天是5月12日。 ___________ May the ____________ ___________. 四、改错 (    )1. Is your brother speak English?                               A          B                        C (    )2. Does he likes going fishing?                                    A           B            C (    )3. He likes play games after class.                                        A           B               C (    )4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.                                                      A     B      C (    )5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays.              A                    B                    C 现在进行时与一般现在时综合练习 I.用动词的适当形式填空 1. She ______________ (go) to school at eight o’clock. 2. It’s six o’clock. They are _____________ supper. (eat) 3. He usually ___________ up at 17:00.(get ) 4. She ___________ (live) in Beijing. 5. Sally _________ (be) here just now. (刚才) 6. _______ (be)there a fly (苍蝇) on the table just now? 7. They are __________ (dig) a hole (洞). 8. My father _______________ (mend) his model(模型) plane these days. II.选择填空 1.I want____homework now. (A)doing (B)to do (C)to do my (D)do my 2.It's time______. (A)go to school (B)play games (C)to go home (D)to do my homeworks 3.____you____the blackboard?Yes,I am. (A)Can, clean (B)Am, cleaning (C)Are, cleaning (D)Do, clean 4.______go and help her. (A)Let's me (B)Let's us (C)Let's (D)Let's to翰林汇 5.What are they doing? They are______things away. (A)put (B)puting (C)putting (D)carry 6.Do they have a new car? Yes,_____. (A)they are (B)they have (C)they don't (D)they do 7.He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening. A. have B. has c. is having D. is eating 8. It’s 6 o’clock in the morning. He ___________. A. get up B. gets up C. is geting up D. is getting up 9. What are you doing? I’m __________ TV. A. watch B. watches C. to watch D. watching 10. We _____________ any Chinese classes on Friday. A. are having B. aren’t having C. don’t have D. are have 11. Tom _______ an English class now. A. is having B. has C. having D. have 12. Are you playing basketball? No, we ___________. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. not D. don’t 13. Listen! The girl _____________ in the room. A. sings B. singing C. is singing D. are singing 14. The boy is __________ to his teacher. A. saying B. speaking C. talking D. telling 15. I’m ___________ a book in the room. A. watching B. seeing C. reading D. looking 16. Where _________ he _________ from? A. is, come B. do, come C. does, come D. is , from 17. What language do you __________ ? A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell III.按要求重写下列句子: 1.We are in the same grade.(改为否定句) _______________________ 2.I can borrow those books from our school.(改为否定句) _______________________ 3.They have nice kites.(改为否定句) _______________________ 4.Open the door, please.(改为否定句) _______________________ 5.There are some apples on the trees.(主语改成单数,重写句子) _______________________ 6.We have many friends in China.(主语改成单数,重写句子) _______________________ 7.Kate is helping her mother with housework.(改成一般疑问句) _______________________ 8.They can stay at home for two days.(改成一般疑问句) _________________________________________________________ 9. She takes a shower at five o’clock. (划线部分提问) ___________ _________ she _________ at five o’clock? 10.I want to sleep a little longer because I’m tired. (划线部分提问) ________ _______ ________ want to sleep a little longer? IV. 翻译句子 1. 他通常在六点钟起床。________________________________________ 2. 你晚上淋浴吗?________________________________________________ 3. 他想成为一名音乐家。______________________________________________ 4. 李明的妈妈正在做蛋糕。_______________________________________________ 5. 他没在做作业。 ________________________________________________________ 一般将来时练习: ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. (不,不要。) A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ (不去). A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ____ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be ( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be ( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ (好的). A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t. ( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is ( ) 27. ________ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you ( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming ( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend ( ) 30. The train ________ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 一般过去时练习 I.改错题 1. How is Jane yesterday? _____________________ 2. He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________ 3. He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________ 4. I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________ 5. Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________ 6. Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________ 7. I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________ 8. He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________ 9. Who find it just now ? ________________________________________ II.句型转换 1. The children had a good time in the park. (改为反意疑问句) The children had a good time in the park, ___________ ___________ ? 2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert. ( 音乐会) 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 3. There was only one problem. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 4. Ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 5. Last week I read an English book. (改为否定句) Last week I _______ _________ an English book. 6. My brother was in the park just now. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 7. She had some bread( 面包) for lunch today. 否定句:__________________________________________ 一般疑问句:________________________________________ 对划线部分提问:____________________________________ 8. They read English last night. (改为否定句)_________________________ III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late. 3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night. 11. ________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year? 12. -What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday? · We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 13. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 14. Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 15. There ____________ a telephone call for lyou just now. (be) 16. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 17. There _____________ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not) 18. There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there? 19. Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move) 20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to china? · Last year. 21. Did she ________ (have) supper at home? 22. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now. 23. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday? 24. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term? 25. It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside. 26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it. IV.选择填空 1. Was he at work __________________? A. now B. next week C. next Sunday D. yesterday 2. Do you know why she __________ at home last night? A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. not D. not in V. 请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?    No, she _________. 3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?        He ________(watch) TV and  __________(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 6. When ________ you _________(write) this song?    I __________(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, ___________(study) for the math test and __________(practice) English last night. 8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning?   Yes, he _________. 9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend?    It _________(be not) bad. 10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year?    No. she __________. VI. 翻译下列句子 1.   我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。  I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend. 2.    Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。  Jenny likes _________ __________.  She _________ a book ________ _________ last night. 3.   Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。他为数学考试作准备了。  Emma __________ the guitar every day. But he _________ ___________ yesterday. He _________ _________   the  math test. 4.    上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。  What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?      They _________ __________ homework and _________ ________ There be 句型练习: 一、选择 1.There _____ a clock on the table. a. is          b. are 2.______ there a radio on your desk? a.       are       b. is 3. ____ there a map on the wall? Yes, there ______.             a. are / is      b. is / are     c. is / is     d. are /are 4. There _____ some students in the classroom.    a. are         b. is 5. There _____ a pencil, a book and two pens on the table.             a. is          b. are 6. There _____ two apples, one orange and one banana on the table.              a. is         b. are 7. Are there _____ pictures on the wall? No, there aren't ______ .              a. any / any   b. some / any    c. some / some    8. There isn't a book in his hand. There is _____ book in his hand.              a. no         b. not 9. There is a tree ____ the playground.              a. at          b. near 10. -- Are there _____ shops near here?    -- No, there are _____ shops near here.     a. some, not    b. some, any    c. any, not    d. any, no 二、翻译练习: 1. 今晚在电影院有音乐会。 2.这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 3.明天在我们学校有足球比赛。 4.昨天下午有一场时装秀。 5.门开着,办公室里肯定有人。 6.那个时候房里没人。 7.十年前,在海边的一个村子里有一位老太太。 8.现在就只剩下二十八美元了。 9.在我家前面有一棵高大的树。 10.二月份有二十八天。 人称代词和物主代词练习 一、用适当的人称代词填空: 1.    __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. 2.    China is a developing country. __________ lies in the east of Asia. 3.    Professor Wang sets __________ a good example. We must learn from __________. 4.    What day is __________ today?   — __________ is Thursday. 5.    How far is the thunder ?  — __________ is three kilometers away. 6.    I own a blue bike. The red one doesn’t belong to __________. 7.    These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive. 8.    __________ say that those old houses will be rebuilt. 9.    Is __________ the milkman at the door?  — Yes, that’s __________. 10.   The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? 11. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. Her brother lives with ____ and helps ____ to prepare the lessons. 12. The ship is lying at anchor (停泊) . ____ comes from Shanghai. 13. This photo of your mother is very much like her. I like ____. 14. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at physics . 15. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? 16. What's the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. 二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday. Can I have one of ____ ? 2. Tell Tom not to forget ____ book. And you mustn't forget ____ . 3. George has lost ____ pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will lend him ____ . 4.. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ dog and ____ had a fight (打架). 5. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ 6. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. 7. Mary wants to know if(是否) you've seen a pair of gloves of ____ . 8. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . 三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空   A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空   1. Your football clothes are on the desk.     Please put _________(they,them,their,theirs) away.   2. (We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.     We all like _________(she,her,hers).   3. (I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can't get my kite.     Could you help _________(I,me,my,mine)?   4. Tom can't get down from the tree.     Can you help _________(he,him,his)?   5. Her kite is broken. Can _________(you,your,yours) mend it?   6. We can't find our bikes.     Can you help _________(we,us,our,ours)?   7. These are _________(he,him,his) planes.     The white ones are _________(I,me,mine).   B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词   1. This isn't her knife. _________ is green.   2. These are your books,Kate. Put __________ in the desk,please.   3. You must look after ________ things.   4. Wei Fang,is that ________ ruler? Yes,it's.   5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one,please.   6. It's Lin Tao's bag. Give ________ to __________.   7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei's? No,___________ is very new.   8. This box is too heavy. I can't carry _________.     Don't worry,Let __________ help __________.   1) _____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike's friends like _____ very much.   2) My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher.   3) Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse.   4) We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big.   5) My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy   6) You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too? 四、用括号中的适当形式填空 A) (1)Are these ________(you)pencils?     Yes, they are ________(our).   (2)—Whose is this pencil?     —It’s ________(I).   (3)I love ________(they)very much.   (4)She is________(I)classmate.   (5)Miss Li often looks after________(she)brother.   (6)—Are these ________(they)bags ?     —No, they aren’t ________(their). They are ________(we). B)  1. This bike is my sister`s. It belongs to ______ (她的)。2. This isn`t my book. _______(我的) is in the bag.  3. They quarrelled among __________(他们).  4. You and I understand _________(彼此) perfectly.  5. If there are ____(一些) new magazines in the library, take some for me. 五、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空: 1.    Mary works in a book store.          likes          work very much. 2.    John and I are in the same school.          go to school together. 3.    Everybody likes that sport, do         ? 4.    She is a friend of         . We got to know each other two years ago. 5.    Her sister makes all          own dresses. 6.    I have many friends. Some of          are good at English. 7.   May I use          bike?          is broken. 8.  Everybody is here except Ann and ________ friend Jane. ________ are in the library now. 六、选择填空 1.    Who’s singing over there ?   — ________ is Sandy’s sister. A. That                B. It                   C. She                D. This 2.    ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.       A. She, you and I           B. You, she and I              C. I, you and she           D. Her, me and you 3.    Between you and ________, he is not a real friend.      A. me              B. I                C. he             D. his 4.    My uncle bought a new bike for ________.      A. theirs                  B. they            C. me              D. I 5.    Mr Smith often praises ________ for his progress in studies.      A. he             B. him               C. I                D. me 6.    Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!  — Oh, ________ is from my friend, Mary.      A. he               B. it                  C. she              D. it’s 7.    Don’t shake the young tree. ________ leaves are falling off. You should look after ________.      A. It, it’s          B. It’s, it             C. Its, it           D. It, it 8.    Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________.       A. he                B. his               C. her               D. him 9.    Will anyone go on a trip with him ?  — Not ________.      A. I                B. me               C. mine             D. he 10. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________.       A. he               B. his               C. him              D. he’s 名词综合练习 一、用括号内词的适当形式填空: 1.There are two________ over there.(bench) 2.I like taking ________.(photo) 3.l can see a _________and two standing there.(man,woman) 4.There are two baskets of__________ on the floor.(apple) 5.You often make a lot of__________ in spelling.(mistake) 6.Look at those_________.(child) 7.This is a__________. Those are three__________.(knife) 8.He doesn't like these.(glass) 9.How many_________can you see?(radio) 10.Thirty __________live in this building.(family). 二、选择下列正确答案: 1.A cow has four__________. A. stomachs     B. stomaches 2.Three_________ are eating grass. A. sheep B. sheeps 3.Water__________ a kind of matter. A. is B. are 4.Her clothes__________ nearly worn out. A.is B. are 5.No man___________ present. A. is B. are 6.It is I who___________ next. A. am B. is 7.There_________ no water in the glass. A. are B. is 8.Here__________ a blind man. A.comes      B. is 9.Physics____________ more difficult than maths. A. is B. are 10.Neither Mary nor her sister___________ the party. A. is going to      B. are going to 11.I want to buy_______. A. kilo of meat B. a kilo of meats C. two kilos of meats D. two kilos of meat 12.Our desks and _____are made of ____. A. chairs ; woods B. chairs ;wood C. chairs; woods D. chair; wood 13.There is lots of _____outside our school now. A. noises B. a noise C .noise D. a noises 三、翻译 1. 每天早上他吃鸡蛋、面包和蔬菜。 2. 现在他们正在看一张他们教室的画。 3. 下周我们要去看望父亲的叔叔。 4. 昨天他点了一块牛排,一个鸡蛋和两杯牛奶。 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 新目标八年级英语上册语法复习 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:    When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的? 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:    Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:    Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:     How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?   should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:   We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:      You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:      You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:      We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。      She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...?  1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:    What is your father?  你父亲是干什么的?     该句相当于:     What does your father do?     What is your father's job?     Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:     ---Which is Peter?  哪个是皮特?     ---The boy behind Mary.  玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:     What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?     Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?      你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围)   3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:     Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置   1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:    always(总是,一直) usually(通常) often(常常,经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置:    a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:     David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。    b.放在行为动词前。如:     We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。    c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:     Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.      有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:    Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。 5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:   We go to school at 7:10 every day.     我们每天7:10去上学。     I decide to read English every day.     我决定每天读英语。   2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。     She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.     她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。     What's your everyday activity?  你的日常活动是什么? 6) 什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:   He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。    (doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:    a. 表示时态,例如:     He is singing. 他在唱歌。      He has got married. 他已结婚。    b. 表示语态,例如:     He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。    c. 构成疑问句,例如:     Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?      Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:    I don't like him.  我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如:    Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。    He did know that.  他的确知道那件事。 3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do 1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)  The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.          办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)      He forgot turning the light off.          他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)      Don't forget to come tomorrow.          别忘了明天来。    (to come动作未做)   典型例题    ---- The light in the office is still on.    ---- Oh,I forgot___.                A. turning it off  B. turn it off     C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off   答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做); remember doing记得做过某事(已做)    Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如: easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:   It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如: good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。    It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。 3.for 与of 的辨别方法: 用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:    You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。    He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。) 9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:   句子:The boy in blue has three pens.   提问:1. Who has three pens?      2. Which boy has three pens?      3. What does the boy in blue have?      4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?   很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:   句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.   提问:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?      2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?      3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?      4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?      5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?      6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10) so、such与不定冠词的使用 1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:    He is so funny a boy.     Jim has so big a house. 2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:    It is such a nice day.    That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况   1.在进行时态中。如:    He is watching TV in the room.    They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.   2.在there be结构中。如:    There is a boy swimming in the river.   3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:    We have fun learning English this term.    They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.   4.在介词后面。如:    Thanks for helping me.    Are you good at playing basketball?   5.在以下结构中: enjoy doing sth  乐于做某事 finish doing sth  完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 stop doing sth      停止做某事 forget doing sth   忘记做过某事 go on doing sth     继续做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 like doing sth     喜欢做某事 keep sb doing sth  使某人一直做某事 find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事 try doing sth       试图做某事 need doing sth     需要做某事 prefer doing sth     宁愿做某事 mind doing sth   介意做某事 miss doing sth  错过做某事 practice doing sth  练习做某事 be busy doing sth  忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 12) 英语中的“单数”   1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:    he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle   2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:    man(单数)---men(复数)       banana(单数)---bananas(复数)   3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:    go---goes---going---went---gone      work---works---working---worked---worked    watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:    The boy wants to be a sales assistant.    Our English teacher is from the US.    Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. 13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式   名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。   I 名词复数的规则变化     1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:      pear---pears                   hamburger---hamburgers       desk---desks          tree---trees     2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:      class---classes                dish---dishes       watch---watches                box---boxes     3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:      potato---potatoes              tomato---tomatoes       Negro---Negroes                hero---heroes     4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:      family---families              dictionary---dictionaries       city---cities                   country---countries     5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:      half---halves                  leaf---leaves       thief---thieves                knife---knives       self---selves                   wife---wives       life---lives                    wolf---wolves       shelf---shelves                loaf---loaves     但是:      scarf---scarves(fes)           roof---roofs       serf---serfs                   gulf---gulfs       chief---chiefs                  proof---proofs       belief---beliefs   II 名词复数的不规则变化     1.将-oo改为--ee。如:      foot---feet                    tooth---teeth     2.将-man改为-men。如:      man---men                       woman---women       policeman---policemen        postman---postmen     3.添加词尾。如:      child---children     4.单复数同形。如:      sheep---sheep                  deer---deer      fish---fish                     people---people     5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:      Chinese---Chinese     Japanese---Japanese    Swiss---Swiss      Englishman---Englishmen        Frenchman---Frenchmen       American---Americans           Australian---Australians      Canadian---Canadians           Korean---Koreans      Russian---Russians             Indian---Indians     6.其它。如:      mouse---mice      apple tree---apple trees      man teacher---men teachers  14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词 初中阶段常见的有以下这些: 1.let→letting   让    hit→hitting   打、撞    cut→cutting   切、割   get→getting   取、得到    sit→sitting   坐 forget→forgetting  忘记 put→putting  放 set→setting  设置 babysit→babysitting  临时受雇照顾婴儿 2.shop→shopping   购物   trip→tripping   绊    stop→stopping   停止    drop→dropping   放弃 3.travel→travel(l)ing  旅游   swim→swimming    游泳    run→running     跑步   dig→digging     挖、掘    begin→beginning   开始   prefer→preferring     宁愿        plan→planning         计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词   1.some变为any。如:    There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.    但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:     Would you like some orange juice?     与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。   2.and变为or。如:    I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.   3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:    They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends.     There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)         →There isn't much orange in the bottle.   4.already变为yet。如:    I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet. 16) in与after   in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。   1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:    He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。   2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:    He left for Beijing after a week.  一周后他动身去了北京。    不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:     We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。   3.注意区分以下的in的用法。    I'll visit him in a week.  一周后我会去拜访他。     I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。 17) 不定冠词a与an的使用   1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:    There is a "b" in the word "book". 单词book中有个字母b。    类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。    She has a small knife.   她有一把小刀。   2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:    There is an "i" in the word "onion".   单词onion中有个字母i。    类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。    Do you have an umbrella?   你有一把雨伞吗? 3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如: a useful book    a universe    a one-letter word    an hour     an uncle     an umbrella an honest person 18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?   英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:   1.put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:     He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。     You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。   2.wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:     The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。     The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。 3.dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:      Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。     dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:      The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。   4.be in 表示穿着的状态。如:     John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。     The man in black is a football coach. 19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)    a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:   1.a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:       There is a little water in the bottle.  瓶子里有一点水。     还可以接形容词。如:         He is a little shy.  他有些害羞。   2.a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:     There are a few people in the room.  房间里有一些人。   3.a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:         It's a bit cold.  有点冷。     a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:         He has a bit of money.  他有一点儿钱。   4.a little和a few表肯定意义,little和few表否定意义。如:     There is a little soda in the glass.  杯子里有一点儿汽水。     There is little soda in the glass.  杯子里几乎没有汽水了。     I have a few Chinese friends.  我有一些中国朋友。     Few people like him.  几乎没有人喜欢他。   5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;     a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。 20) 关于like的用法   like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。   1.like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:         Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗?     like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:         She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)         She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)     like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:         Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗?     “喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:         They all like me to sing/singing English songs. 他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。   2.like 作介词,可译成“像......”。如:     She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。     It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。   3.区分以下句子:     A. What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征)      B. What is he like?   他人怎么样?     (指人的性格特点)     C. The boy like Peter is over there.   (句指外貌相似)     D. A boy like Peter can't do it.       (指性格相似) 21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth   1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:     The students stop to listen to their teacher. 生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。   2.stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:     The students stopped talking.  学生们停止了谈话。 与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:     He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.     他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。     They went on playing games.  他们继续玩游戏。 22) tell, speak, say 与 talk  1.tell 意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如:     He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。     Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。    tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如:     He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。    tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如:     David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。   2.speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如:     He can speak English and a little Chinese. 他能讲英语和一点汉语。    speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如:     Can I speak to Mr Zhang?   我能和张先生讲话吗?    speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如:      The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。   3.talk 意为“谈话、讲话”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用 talk to;如果双方或多方交谈,多用 with。如:     Please talk to him right now.  请立即同他谈话。      He is talking with his friend.  他在和朋友交谈。    talk about 意为“谈论......”。如:     They are talking about the movie.  他们在谈论那部电影。    have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如:     Can I have a talk with you?  我可以和你交谈吗?   4.say 意为“说”。如:     Can you say it in English once more?  你能用英语再说一遍吗?    say to 意为“对......说”。如:     He said to his students that they would have a test.     他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。    It is said that... 意为“据说”。如:     It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.     据说他能呆在水里很长时间。 23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry! 1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了!对不起!”,一般是为了与陌生人搭话,或者要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:     Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 请问,附近有旅馆吗?     Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下,我能说一些吗?   2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:     I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again. 对不起,张先生。我不会这么做了。 24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at   in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。   1.in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如:     in the morning  在上午    in May, 2004  在2004年五月     in a week  在一周之内(后)     It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.     现在是星期天,我能在两天后完成。(星期二)     Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。   2. n 主要指在具体的一天。如:     on Sunday  在星期天     on May Day  在“五一”节     on a hot afternoon  在一个炎热的下午     He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到达北京。   3.at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如:     at 8:00  在八点     at noon  在中午     I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。     It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。 25) Other及其用法 Other 及其相近的词(组),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法:   1.other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 other's,复数形式是 others;the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”,其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other + 名词”,所以不能充当定语,修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others (一些...其余的人...);the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others. 2.another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合并构成,所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词,比如:another pencil. 3.any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单 数形式。 26) look 短语   常见的look短语有以下这些:   1.look at 朝......看        (look at=have a look at)    Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。   2.look for 寻找    The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。   3.look like 看起来像    Nancy looks like her mother.  南希看起来像她母亲。   4.look the same 看上去一样    Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。   5.look up 查找    Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。   6.look over 仔细检查    The doctor looked over Mary carefully.  医生仔细检查了玛丽。   7.look after 照顾,照看    You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。   8.look around 到处寻找、查看    We looked around, but we found nothing strange.    我们四处查看,但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。 27) too,also与either   1.too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如:    We are in the same school, too.  我们也在相同的学校。     Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗?   2.also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如:    Sandra is also a Korean student.  Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。   3.either用于否定句,一般放在句末。如:    They don't know the answer, either.  她们也不知道答案。   4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如:    We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.     He is a happy boy as well. 28) hard与hardly   1.hard既可作形容词,也可作副词。如:    It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)  这是一个难的问题。     The boy studies very hard (adv.).       那男孩学习非常努力。   句子结构:It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如:     It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。   注意区分:hard work 困难的工作       work hard 努力工作 2.hardly是频度副词,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。如:    I can hardly see it.   我几乎看不到它。 29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times 记忆:sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段) 口诀:有s是有时,有时分开好几次,无s是某时,某时分开是一段。 1.sometime是时间副词,指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间(某时候或任何时候),不指一段时间。如:    We'll go to Beijing sometime next month. 我们下个月某一时候会去北京。   2.sometimes是频度副词,指“有时”、“不时”的意思(=at times)。如:    Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.     有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。   3.some time是名词词组,指一段时间(一些时间或若干时间)。如:     It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。   4.some times指“几次”。如:    He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。 30) exercise的一些用法   1.作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻炼”。如:    David exercises every morning.   大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。   2.作及物动词,译为“训练”。如:    Swimming exercises the whole body.  游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。   3.作名词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如:    It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。    Please do more exercise from now on.  从今以后请多做运动吧。    I have lots of homework to do tonight.  今晚我有很多的作业要做。 4.注意:exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词,复数形式为exercises;泛指运动时是不可数名词。 31) maybe与may be   1.maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:    Maybe he can answer the question.   也许他能回答那个问题。     He maybe is from the USA, too.      他可能也来自美国。   2.may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:    He may be from the USA, too.      他可能也来自美国。     She may be our English teacher.   她可能是我们的英语老师。 32) same与different 1.same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一个定冠词the,但是如果same前面已经有this,those等词,就不能再与the连用了。如:     We are in the same class.       我们在同一个班级。   结构:the same as 与......一样 如:     His mark is the same as mine.   他的分数和我的分数一样。   2.different译为“不同的”,其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如:     We are in different classes.    我们在不同的班级。    结构:be different from 与......不同 如:     This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。    different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。 33) 动词want的用法   1. want sth. 想要某物    They want some help.   他们需要一些帮助。   2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事    My father wants me to help him on the farm. 我父亲要我在农场上帮他。   3. want to do sth. 想要做某事    I want to study English in England.   我想要在英国学习英语。   4.want doing 需要...    Your sweater wants washing.   你的运动衣该洗了。 34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法   1.be good for 对......有益    Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。   2.be good at 擅长于......    Li Ping is good at basketball.   李平擅长于篮球。     = Li Ping is good at playing basketball.   李平擅长于打篮球。    be good at = do well in 如:     I'm good at math. = I do well in math.   我擅长于数学。   3.be good to 对......好    Parents are always good to their children. 父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。 35) how many与how much   1.how many表示“多少”,对数量提问,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:    There are four people in my family.     ---How many people are in your family?      你家里有几个人?     We have seven classes every day.     ---How many classes do you have every day?     你们每天上几节课?   2.how much也是表示“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问。如:    There is some milk in the bottle.     ---How much milk is there in the bottle?     瓶子里有多少牛奶?   3.how much还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如:    The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.     ---How much is the yellow T-shirt?    那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱? 36) with的几个用法   1.with表“和、同、与”。如:    Can you go to the park with me?   你能和我一起去公园吗?   2.with表“用、以、被”。如:    Don't write with the red pen.     不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。   3.with表“随着”。如:    Climate varies with the time of the year. 气候随着时令的不同而不同。   4.with表“带有、有......的”。如:    The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。   5.with表“因为、由于”。如:    They were angry with hard work.   他们因为艰难的工作而生气。   6.一些with结构:   play with  与......一起玩     be angry with 对......生气   talk with   与......交谈   get on well with与......相处融洽 37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much 1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”,相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词,又 可以修饰不可数名词。如:    I have a lot of friends in China.   我在中国有很多朋友。     The old man has lots of money.      那位老人有很多的钱。   2.many意为“许多”.它用来修饰可数名词。如:    Do you have many beautiful skirts?   你有很多漂亮的裙子吗?   3.much意为“大量”.它用来修饰不可数名词。如:    There is much water in the lake.   湖里有大量的水。 4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们改为many或much。如:    We can see a lot of birds in the tree.     ---We can't see many birds in the tree.  我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。    He wants lots of soda.    ---Does he want much soda?           他需要许多汽水吗? 38) help用法举例   help既可以作名词,也可以作动词。   1.help作名词,意为“帮助”。如:    He needs some help.   他需要一些帮助。   2.help作动词,也是“帮助”的意思。如:    Can you help me?    你能帮帮我吗?   3.help的结构:    help sb (to) do sth       帮助某人做某事     =help sb with sth        帮助某人做某事     如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.     =They want to help the boy with the heavy box.      他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。 39) well的用法   well可以作副词,也可以作形容词。   1.well作副词,意为“(某事干得)好”。如:    The boy draws very well.   男孩画得很好。   2.well作形容词,意为“健康、安好”。如:    I'm not feeling well.   我觉得不舒服。 40) ago与before   ago与before都表示“......以前”,但用法有所区别。 1.ago意为“以前”,表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前,常用于过去时的句子中。如: He took a photo a week ago.   他一周前照了一张相片。   2.before作为副词时表示:    a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,用于过去完成时的句子中。如:     The boy had already seen the comedy before.      那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。    b.笼统的“以前”,用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中,一般单独使用,而ago不可以单独使用。如:     He's read this novel before.    他以前读过这部小说。 41) need的用法   1.need作实义动词,意为“需要”。如:    Do you need to stay at home?   你要呆在家里吗?   2.need作情态动词,一般用于对must的否定回答。如:    ---Must he leave now?  他必须离开吗?     ---No, he needn't.    不,他不必。   3.区分:    a.need作实义动词。     He needs to go.      He doesn't need to go.      Does he need to go?      Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.    b.need作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句。     He needn't go.      Need he go?      Yes, he need./No, he needn't. 42) decide的几种句式    1.decide to do sth      决定去做某事     They decide to fly kite on weekend.   他们决定在周末去放风筝。   2.decide on doing sth   决定做某事     They decide on flying kites.          他们决定放风筝。   3.decide on sth       就某事决定......    Betty decided on the red skirt.    贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。 4.decide的名词形式为decision,结构:make a decision,意为“做决定”。如:    He has made a decision.   他已经做一个决定了。 43) too many,too much与much too    1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:    There are too many students in our class.  我们班上有太多的学生。   2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:    We have too much work to do.             我们有太多的工作要做。   3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:    The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.     箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。 44) can的用法    1.表示能力。如:    We can carry the heavy box.    我们可以搬得动箱子。     Who can sing an English song?   谁会唱英文歌?    2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如:    Can it be true?                 这会是真的吗?     You can't be serious?           你不会当真吧?   3.表示允许,意思与may相近,主要用于口语中。如:    Can I smoke here?              我可以在这儿吸烟吗?     Can I go with him?                我可以跟他一起去吗? ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 人教版七年级英语期末试题(上册)  第一卷选择题(50分) I.单项选择。(每小题1分,计15分)   (   )1. This is _________ alarm clock.      A. a            B. an          C. the         D. /   (   )2. We don’t like_________.      A. broccoli       B. broccolis    C. a broccoli   D. broccolies   (   )3. _________. Is this your pen?      A. Sorry        B. Hello        C. Excuse me   D. Hi   (   )4. Do you have two ________?      A. tennis racket                 B. tennis rackets      C. tennis’ racket                 D. tennis’ rackets   (   )5. He _________ his homework at school.      A. doesn’t do                   B. don’t does       C. isn’t do                      D. does not   (   )6. ________this your guitar? A. Am          B. Is          C. Are         D. Do   (   ) 7. Let’s _________ now.      A. go to home    B. to go home    C. go home    D. to go to   (   ) 8. How much are these shoes? _________ twenty dollars.      A. Are          B. There       C. They’re      D. Their   (   ) 9. My father usually________ a shower _________the morning.      A. take; in      B. takes; in       C. take; on     D. takes; at   (   )10. ________you play the violin?      A. Are         B. Can          C. Is          D. When   (   )11 ---This is my sister Ann.          ---Is _____ a student? A. she           B. he           C. her        D. his   (   )12. I ________ two baseballs and my friend ________five baseballs.       A. have; have    B. have; has      C. has; have      D. has; has   (   ) 13. ---Is that your book?           ---Yes, ________.      A. it is         B. it isn’t        C. it’s           D. this is   (   )14. Miss Wei often helps us ________ our English.      A. at         B. in         C. of         D. with    (   )15. I want __________ the music club.      A. join        B. to join     C. joins       D. be join II.从A、B、C、D中选择最恰当的选项填进文章中去,你会读到一个有意思的故 事。(15分) I like my Chinese teacher very much. He is a    16    man, about 25 years old. He is tall    17    black short hair. He is a very humorous(幽默的) person. He often    18   us jokes(笑话) and   19   to make our class more    20    . In class, he is a very    21   teacher. If we don’t listen to him carefully, he will give us some punishment(惩罚) by   22    us some questions. But after class, he becomes a very good     23    of us. He often talks with the girls and plays    24    with the boys. All of us really like him. He is our     25      teacher. (   )16. A. old         B. young       C. very old      D. aged (   )17. A. and         B. for         C. with          D. at (   )18. A. tells        B. says         C. speaks       D. speak (   )19. A. a story      B. storys       C. story         D. stories (   )20 A. tired        B. difficult     C. interesting     D. boring (   )21. A. busy        B. strict       C. interested      D. well home (   )22. A. ask         B. asks        C. asking        D. asked (   )23. A. teacher      B. teachers     C. friend         D. friends (   )24. A. a basketball   B. the basketball C. basketballs     D. basketball (   )25. A. favorite      B. the favorite   C. favoritest      D. a favorite III.经过一学期的英语学习,你的阅读理解能力一定有了很大提高。(20分) A Dear Mr. Wang,     Someone comes to the office to see you in the morning, but you and your wife are out. He comes here at 10am. Because he is very busy, he goes away half an hour later. He tells me that he is your classmate at college(大学). Now he teaches Chinese in a high school(高中) in this city and he lives near the No. 6 Middle School. He is a very tall man with short hair. He wears a pair of glasses. He tells me his telephone number is 33426685. He is often at home at 7:00 pm. So you can call him in the evening. (   )26. The author(作者) writes this note(便条) to ______. A. Mr. Wang       B. Mr. Wang’s wife     C. Mr. Wang’s classmate  D. me (   )27. Mr. Wang’s classmate is __________. A. a teacher        B. a worker           C. a farmer          D. an actor (   )28. When is Mr. Wang’s classmate often at home? A. In the morning   B. In the afternoon.     C. At 7:00pm.     D. We don’t know. (   )29. How long does Mr. Wang’s classmate stay in the office? A. Ten hours.      B. An hour.           C. Two hours.    D. Half an hour. (   )30. Which of the following is TRUE? A.       Mr. Wang and his wife are classmates. B. Mr. Wang’s classmate is short. C. Mr. Wang goes out with Mrs. Wang in the morning. D. Mr. Wang’s classmate meets Mr. Wang in the morning.                                 B I will never forget my first English class. It is very interesting. It’s the first class in the morning. The teacher goes into the classroom with a smile on his face. At the beginning, he makes a self-introduction(自我介绍). And he tells us that his English name is John. Then he asks all of us to think of English names for ourselves. We are very excited(兴奋的) to find a good name. Then he asks us to write our names down on a piece of paper. I think about my English name for a long time. Then I come up with(想出) a beautiful name ---Shirley. All the students write their names down and give the paper to the teacher. When the teacher calls “Shirley” to answer his question, three girls stand up at the same time. (   )31. What do we do in the first English class? A. Tell the teacher our Chinese names.    B. Find English names for ourselves. C. See an English film.                 D. Draw pictures. (   )32. What does our teacher do first? A. He asks every student to make a self-introduction. B. He introduces(介绍) himself to all of us. C. He asks us many difficult questions D. He tells us a story. (   )33. What’s the English name of our English teacher? A. Jack.       B. Shirley       C. John.   D. Tom. (   )34. Where do we write down our English names? A. On the blackboard.           B. On the desk. C. On our hands.               D. On the paper. (   )35. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The teacher gives every student an English name. B. Our teacher is a young girl. C. Three girls choose(选择)the name “Shirley”. D. The teacher calls our Chinese names in class. IV 单词拼写(每小题1分,共10分)。 H:\fanwen caiji two\学习十二五 规划 污水管网监理规划下载职业规划大学生职业规划个人职业规划职业规划论文 纲要心得体会.doc36. My mother and father are my p______________. 37. I’m a student. I do my h______________ every day. 38. C____________ is our homeland(祖国). 39. E____________ me, is this your pen? 40. Bill’s pants are long, but Emma’s pants are s____________. V选词填短文(15分) song    paint  classmate .play Saturday  sing  friend    music swim   same  different   picture     I have four good __41____. They’re Jennifer, Victor, Cindy and Leila. We are in the _42____ class. So we’re _43______ too. Jennifer swims very well, she wants to join the ___44____ club. Then she can swim on ___45____or Sundays. Victor wants to join the art club because he is good at __46______. Cindy is a pop music fan. She can sing a lot of __47___. So she wants to join the __48____ club. Leila wants to join the music club because she __49____ the violin very well. And she wants to be a ___50____ when she grows up(长大). I like them. VI任务性阅读(10分) My name is Tommy Wang. T-O-M-M-Y, Tommy, W-A-N-G, Wang. I am a Chinese boy. My telephone number is 85523963. My telephone is white. Look! This is my pencil box. ① It’s big and beautiful. It’s white. What’s in it? This is ② ________ eraser. It’s white. This is a pencil. It’s white. ③ This is a ruler. It’s white, too. I like white. I like green, too. Look! ④ My schoolbag is green. My notebook is green, too. But my favorite color is white.   This is my good friend. His name is John. ⑤ He is English. Linda is John’s sister. I like my friend. Like English. 51. 把第①处黑体字部分的句子译成汉语。   ___________________________________________________________ 52. 在第②处填入一个适当的冠词。   ___________________________________________________________ 53. 把第③处黑体字部分的句子改成复数。   ___________________________________________________________ 54. 就第④处黑体字部分句子的划线部分提问。   ___________________________________________________________ 55. 将第⑤处黑体字部分的句子改为同义句。   ___________________________________________________________  VI.书面表达(共15分) 请根据下列提示,写一篇10句话(大约50-70个字左右)的自我介绍。 (1)我叫Frank, 今年14岁,是一名Guang Ming Middle School的学生; (2)可参照以下句型:I can ….                      I like ….                      My favorite… is/are ….                      My hobby is …/ My hobbies are ….                      I go to school ….                    七年级英语参考答案 笔试部分 I  1—15     BACBA   BCCBB   ABADB II  16—25 BCADC  BCCDA III  A: 26—30 AACDC B: 31—35  BBCDC IV36parents37homework38China39Excuse40short V41friends42same43classmates44swimming45Saturdays46painting47songs 48singing49plays50musician VI 51. 它大又漂亮。   52. an    53. These are rulers.  54. What color is your schoolbag?  55. He comes from England. ★清华大学★英语系测试: 新目标八年级英语上册语法复习 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:   When did you leave Shanghai?   你什么时候离开上海的? 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:   Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.   下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:   Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?   你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用   should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:   How should I know? 我怎么知道? Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?   should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:   We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点: 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。 例如:    You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。   2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:    You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。 例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。    She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...?  1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问 职业。如:     What is your father?  你父亲是干什么的?     该句相当于:     What does your father do?     What is your father's job?     Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:     ---Which is Peter?  哪个是皮特?     ---The boy behind Mary.  玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...? 是特指, 所指的事物有范围的限制。如:     What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?     Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?      你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围)   3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:     Which pictures are from China?  哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:  always(总是,一直) usually(通常) often(常常,经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不)   2.频度副词的位置:     a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:      David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。      b.放在行为动词前。如:      We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10去上学。     c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:      Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.      有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。   3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:     Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。 5) every day 与 everyday   1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:     We go to school at 7:10 every day.     我们每天7:10去上学。     I decide to read English every day.     我决定每天读英语。   2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。     She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.     她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。     What's your everyday activity?  你的日常活动是什么? 6) 什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。    (doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:    a. 表示时态,例如:     He is singing. 他在唱歌。     He has got married. 他已结婚。    b. 表示语态,例如:     He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。    c. 构成疑问句,例如:     Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?     Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:   I don't like him.  我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。   He did know that.  他的确知道那件事。 3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do 1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)   The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.   办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)  He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)   Don't forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)   典型例题    ---- The light in the office is still on.    ---- Oh,I forgot___.                A. turning it off  B. turn it off       C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off   答案:C。 由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生, 因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做); remember doing记得做过某事(已做)   Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如: easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:   It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。    It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。 3.for 与of 的辨别方法: 用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:    You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。    He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。) 9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:   句子:The boy in blue has three pens.   提问:1. Who has three pens?      2. Which boy has three pens?      3. What does the boy in blue have?      4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?   很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:   句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问: 1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?   2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?   3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?   4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?   5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?   6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10) so、such与不定冠词的使用   1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:    He is so funny a boy.    Jim has so big a house.   2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:    It is such a nice day.    That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况   1.在进行时态中。如:    He is watching TV in the room.    They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.   2.在there be结构中。如:    There is a boy swimming in the river.   3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:    We have fun learning English this term.    They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.   4.在介词后面。如:    Thanks for helping me.    Are you good at playing basketball? 5.在以下结构中:  enjoy doing sth   乐于做某事    finish doing sth  完成做某事  feel like doing sth 想要做某事  stop doing sth   停止做某事  forget doing sth   忘记做过某事 go on doing sth    继续做某事  remember doing sth  记得做过某事 like doing sth     喜欢做某事 keep sb doing sth   使某人一直做某事 find sb doing sth  发现某人做某事 see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/听到/观看某人做某事 try doing sth  试图做某事 need doing sth   需要做某事 prefer doing sth  宁愿做某事 mind doing sth  介意做某事 miss doing sth  错过做某事 practice doing sth  练习做某   be busy doing sth  忙于做某事  can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 12) 英语中的“单数”   1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:    he,she, it,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Mary's uncle   2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:    man(单数)---men(复数)   banana(单数)---bananas(复数)   3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:    go---goes---going---went---gone      work---works---working---worked---worked    watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:    The boy wants to be a sales assistant.    Our English teacher is from the US.    Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. 13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式   名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。   I 名词复数的规则变化     1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:      pear---pears    hamburger---hamburgers      desk---desks   tree---trees     2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:      class---classes     dish---dishes      watch---watches     box---boxes     3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:      potato---potatoes    tomato---tomatoes      Negro---Negroes     hero---heroes     4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:      family---families  dictionary---dictionaries      city---cities     country---countries     5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:      half---halves      leaf---leaves      thief---thieves     knife---knives      self---selves      wife---wives      life---lives       wolf---wolves      shelf---shelves     loaf---loaves     但是:      scarf---scarves(fes)    roof---roofs      serf---serfs        gulf---gulfs      chief---chiefs       proof---proofs      belief---beliefs   II 名词复数的不规则变化     1.将-oo改为--ee。如:      foot---feet   tooth---teeth     2.将-man改为-men。如:      man---men    woman---women      policeman---policemen   postman---postmen     3.添加词尾。如:      child---children     4.单复数同形。如:      sheep---sheep   deer---deer      fish---fish    people---people     5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。 即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:     Chinese---Chinese  Japanese---Japanese  Swiss---Swiss      Englishman---Englishmen    Frenchman---Frenchmen        American---Americans    Australian---Australians      Canadian---Canadians     Korean---Koreans      Russian---Russians    Indian---Indians     6.其它。如: mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers   14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词   初中阶段常见的有以下这些: 1.let→letting让   hit→hitting打、撞    cut→cutting切、割   get→getting取、得到    sit→sitting 坐 forget→forgetting 忘记 put→putting 放 set→setting 设置 babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿 2. shop→shopping 购物 drop→dropping 放弃   trip→tripping 绊 stop→stopping  停止 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游    swim→swimming 游泳    run→running  跑步    dig→digging 挖、掘    begin→beginning 开始    prefer→preferring 宁愿    plan→planning  计划 15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词   1.some变为any。如:   There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.    但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:     Would you like some orange juice?    与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。   2.and变为or。如:    I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.   3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:    They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends.    There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)     →There isn't much orange in the bottle.   4.already变为yet。如:    I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet. 16) in与after   in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。   1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:    He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。   2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:    He left for Beijing after a week.  一周后他动身去了北京。   不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:    We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。   3.注意区分以下的in的用法。    I'll visit him in a week.  一周后我会去拜访他。    I'll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。 17) 不定冠词a与an的使用   1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:    There is a "b" in the word "book". 单词book中有个字母b。    类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。    She has a small knife.   她有一把小刀。   2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:    There is an "i" in the word "onion".   单词onion中有个字母i。    类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。    Do you have an umbrella?   你有一把雨伞吗? 3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a.如:  a useful book    a universe   a one-letter word     an hour     an uncle     an umbrella an honest person 18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?   英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:   1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:     He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。     You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。   2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:     The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。     The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。 3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:     Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。     dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:     The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。   4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:     John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。     The man in black is a football coach. 19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)    a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:   1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:     There is a little water in the bottle.  瓶子里有一点水。     还可以接形容词。如:     He is a little shy.  他有些害羞。   2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:     There are a few people in the room.  房间里有一些人。   3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:     It's a bit cold.  有点冷。     a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:     He has a bit of money.  他有一点儿钱。   4. a little和a few表肯定意义,little和few表否定意义;如:     There is a little soda in the glass.  杯子里有一点儿汽水。     There is little soda in the glass.  杯子里几乎没有汽水了。     I have a few Chinese friends.  我有一些中国朋友。     Few people like him.  几乎没有人喜欢他。   5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;     a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有 点儿”。 20) 关于like的用法   like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。   1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:     Do you like the color? 你喜爱这种颜色吗?     like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:     She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)     She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)     like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:     Would you like a cup of tea? 您愿意喝杯茶吗?     “喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:They all like me to sing/singing English songs. 他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。   2、like 作介词,可译成“像......”。如:     She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。     It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。   3、区分以下句子:     A. What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征)     B. What is he like? 他人怎么样? (指人的性格特点)     C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)     D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似) 21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth   1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:     The students stop to listen to their teacher.     学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。   2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:     The students stopped talking.  学生们停止了谈话。 与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)” 和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:     He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.     他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。     They went on playing games.  他们继续玩游戏。 22) tell, speak, say 与 talk  1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲 述一件事。如:     He tells me that he wants to be a teacher. 他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。     Father always tells interesting stories to us.     爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。   tell sb sth 意为“告知某人某事”。如:     He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。   tell sb to do sth 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如:     David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。  2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如:     He can speak English and a little Chinese.     他能讲英语和一点汉语。   speak to 意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如:     Can I speak to Mr Zhang?   我能和张先生讲话吗?   speak of 意为“提到、说起”。如:     The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。  3. talk 意为“谈话、讲话”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用 talk to; 如果双方或多方交谈,多用 with。如:     Please talk to him right now.  请立即同他谈话。     He is talking with his friend.  他在和朋友交谈。   talk about 意为“谈论......”。如:     They are talking about the movie.  他们在谈论那部电影。   have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如:     Can I have a talk with you?  我可以和你交谈吗?  4. say 意为“说”。如:     Can you say it in English once more?  你能用英语再说一遍吗?   say to 意为“对......说”。如:     He said to his students that they would have a test.     他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。   It is said that... 意为“据说”。如:     It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.     据说他能呆在水里很长时间。 23) Excuse me! 与 I'm sorry! 1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了!对不起!”,一般是为了与陌生人搭话,或者要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:     Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood? 请问,附近有旅馆吗?     Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下,我能说一些吗?   2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:     I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.     对不起,张先生。我不会这么做了。 24) 表示时间的 in、on 与 at   in, on 与 at 都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。   1. in 表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如:     in the morning  在上午     in May, 2004  在2004年五月     in a week  在一周之内(后)     It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.     现在是星期天,我能在两天后完成。(星期二)     Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。   2. on 主要指在具体的一天。如:     on Sunday  在星期天     on May Day  在“五一”节     on a hot afternoon  在一个炎热的下午     He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004. 他于2004年4月26日到达北京。   3. at 表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如:     at 8:00  在八点     at noon  在中午     I always get up at 6:00 every morning. 我总是每天早晨六点起床。     It's always warm at this time of year. 每年的这个时候总是暖和的。 25) Other及其用法 Other 及其相近的词(组),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法:   1、other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 other's,复数形式是 others;the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”,其复数形式是 the others;others相当于“other + 名词”,所以不能充当定语,修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others (一些...其余的人...);the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others. 2、another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。由 an 和 other 合 并构成,所以不能和冠词连用。another 修饰单数名词,比如:another pencil. 3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单数形式。 26) look 短语   常见的look短语有以下这些:   1.look at 朝......看 (look at=have a look at)    Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。   2.look for 寻找    The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。    3.look like 看起来像    Nancy looks like her mother.  南希看起来像她母亲。   4.look the same 看上去一样    Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。   5.look up 查找   Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。   6.look over 仔细检查    The doctor looked over Mary carefully.  医生仔细检查了玛丽。   7.look after 照顾,照看    You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。   8.look around 到处寻找、查看    We looked around, but we found nothing strange.    我们四处查看,但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。 27) too,also与either   1.too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如:    We are in the same school, too.   我们也在相同的学校。    Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗?   2.also用于肯定句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、be动词后。如:    Sandra is also a Korean student.  Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。   3.either用于否定句,一般放在句末。如:    They don't know the answer, either.  她们也不知道答案。   4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如:    We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.    He is a happy boy as well. 28) hard与hardly   1.hard既可作形容词,也可作副词。如:    It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)  这是一个难的问题。    The boy studies very hard (adv.).    那男孩学习非常努力。   句子结构:It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如:    It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。   注意区分:hard work 困难的工作        work hard 努力工作 3. hardly是频度副词,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容词、 副词和动词之前。如:    I can hardly see it.   我几乎看不到它。 29) sometime,sometimes,some time与some times 记忆:sometimes(有时)some times(好几次)sometime(某一次)some time(一段) 口诀:分开是一段,相连为某时。分开s是倍次,相连s为有时 1.sometime是时间副词,指不确定的将来或过去某一点时间(某时候或任何时候),不指一段时间。如:    We'll go to Beijing sometime next month. 我们下个月某一时候会去北京。   2.sometimes是频度副词,指“有时”、“不时”的意思(=at times)。如:Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.    有时候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。   3.some time是名词词组,指一段时间(一些时间或若干时间)。如:   It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些时间去完成作业。   4.some times指“几次”。如:    He met the woman some times last month. 上个月他见过那妇女几次。 30) exercise的一些用法   1.作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻炼”。如:    David exercises every morning.   大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。   2.作及物动词,译为“训练”。如:    Swimming exercises the whole body.  游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。   3.作名词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如:    It's good to do eye exercises every day. 每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。    Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。    I have lots of homework to do tonight.今晚我有很多的作业要做。 4.注意:exercise指具体运动或体操时是可数名词,复数形式为exercises;泛指运动时是不可数名词。 31) maybe与may be   1.maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:    Maybe he can answer the question.   也许他能回答那个问题。    He maybe is from the USA, too.    他可能也来自美国。   2.may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:    He may be from the USA, too.    他可能也来自美国。    She may be our English teacher.   她可能是我们的英语老师。 32) same与different 1.same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一个定冠词the,但是如果same前面已经有this,those等词,就不能再与the连用了。如:     We are in the same class.  我们在同一个班级。   结构:the same as 与......一样 如:     His mark is the same as mine.  他的分数和我的分数一样。   2.different译为“不同的”,其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如:     We are in different classes.    我们在不同的班级。   结构:be different from 与......不同 如:    This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。    different的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。 33) 动词want的用法   1. want sth. 想要某物    They want some help.   他们需要一些帮助。   2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事   My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。   3. want to do sth. 想要做某事    I want to study English in England.  我想要在英国学习英语。   4.want doing 需要...    Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。 34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法   1.be good for 对......有益    Doing morning exercises is good for your health.    做早操对你们的建康有益。   2.be good at 擅长于......    Li Ping is good at basketball.  李平擅长于篮球。    = Li Ping is good at playing basketball.  李平擅长于打篮球。   be good at = do well in 如:    I'm good at math. = I do well in math.  我擅长于数学。   3.be good to 对......好    Parents are always good to their children. 父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。 35) how many与how much   1.how many表示“多少”,对数量提问,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:    There are four people in my family.    ---How many people are in your family? 你家里有几个人?    We have seven classes every day.    ---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课?   2.how much也是表示“多少”,但它对不可数名词进行提问。如:    There is some milk in the bottle.    ---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?   3.how much还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如:    The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.    ---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T恤衫多少钱? 36) with的几个用法   1.with表“和、同、与”。如:    Can you go to the park with me?  你能和我一起去公园吗?   2.with表“用、以、被”。如:    Don't write with the red pen.  不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。   3.with表“随着”。如:   Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。   4.with表“带有、有......的”。如:   The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。   5.with表“因为、由于”。如:    They were angry with hard work.   他们因为艰难的工作而生气。 6.一些with结构:   play with  与......一起玩   be angry with 对......生气  talk with   与......交谈 get on well with与......相处融洽 37) a lot of(lots of)与many,much 1.a lot of意为“许多、大量”,相当于lots of.它既可以修饰可数名词,又 可以修饰不可数名词。如:    I have a lot of friends in China.  我在中国有很多朋友。    The old man has lots of money.  那位老人有很多的钱。   2.many意为“许多”.它用来修饰可数名词。如:    Do you have many beautiful skirts?   你有很多漂亮的裙子吗?   3.much意为“大量”.它用来修饰不可数名词。如:    There is much water in the lake.   湖里有大量的水。 4.a lot of(=lots of)用在肯定句中,而many,much不受限制。如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们 改为many或much。如:   We can see a lot of birds in the tree.   —We can't see many birds in the tree.  我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。    He wants lots of soda.   —Does he want much soda?   他需要许多汽水吗? 38) help用法举例   help既可以作名词,也可以作动词。   1.help作名词,意为“帮助”。如:    He needs some help.   他需要一些帮助。   2.help作动词,也是“帮助”的意思。如:    Can you help me?    你能帮帮我吗?   3.help的结构:    help sb (to) do sth   帮助某人做某事    =help sb with sth    帮助某人做某事    如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.    =They want to help the boy with the heavy box.     他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。 39) well的用法   well可以作副词,也可以作形容词。   1.well作副词,意为“(某事干得)好”。如:    The boy draws very well.   男孩画得很好。   2.well作形容词,意为“健康、安好”。如:    I'm not feeling well.   我觉得不舒服。 40) ago与before   ago与before都表示“......以前”,但用法有所区别。 1.ago意为“以前”,表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前,常用于过去时的句子 中。如:He took a photo a week ago.   他一周前照了一张相片。    2.before作为副词时表示:   a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,用于过去完成时的句子中。如:     The boy had already seen the comedy before.     那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。   b.笼统的“以前”,用于一般过去时或现在完成时的句子中,一般单独使 用,而ago不可以单独使用。如:     He's read this novel before.  他以前读过这部小说。 41) need的用法   1.need作实义动词,意为“需要”。如:    Do you need to stay at home?  你要呆在家里吗?   2.need作情态动词,一般用于对must的否定回答。如:    ---Must he leave now?  他必须离开吗?    ---No, he needn't.    不,他不必。   3.区分:    a.need作实义动词。     He needs to go.     He doesn't need to go.     Does he need to go?     Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.    b.need作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句。     He needn't go.     Need he go?     Yes, he need./No, he needn't. 42) decide的几种句式   1.decide to do sth  决定去做某事    They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。   2.decide on doing sth   决定做某事    They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。   3.decide on sth  就某事决定......    Betty decided on the red skirt.  贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。 4. decide的名词形式为decision, 结构:make a decision,意为“做决定”。如:    He has made a decision.   他已经做一个决定了。 43) too many,too much与much too   1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:    There are too many students in our class.  我们班上有太多的学生。   2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:    We have too much work to do.    我们有太多的工作要做。   3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:    The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.    箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。 44) can的用法   1.表示能力。如:    We can carry the heavy box.    我们可以搬得动箱子。    Who can sing an English song?   谁会唱英文歌?   2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如:    Can it be true?    这会是真的吗?    You can't be serious?    你不会当真吧?   3.表示允许,意思与may相近,主要用于口语中。如:    Can I smoke here?    我可以在这儿吸烟吗?    Can I go with him? 我可以跟他一起去吗?
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