RobertFrost

ThepoetNewEngland’spastoralpoetPulitzerprizewinner,fourtimesAnunofficialpoetlaureatemadehispoeticalfameat40SenatehonoredhisbirthdaysRecitedhispoemonJFKennedy’sinaugurationCalifornia:BirthMarch26,1874,SanFrancisco,California.wasnamedafterthesoutherngeneral,RobertE.Lee.NewEngland:juvenileattendedLawrenceHighSchoolstartedwritingpoetryinhissenioryearsoonrealizedhewantedtobeapoet-agreatpoet.NewEngland:CollegePassespreliminaryentranceexaminationsforHarvardCollegein1891enrolledinDartmouth,theIvyLeagueCollegeinHanover,NewHampshirethenextyear.LeftDartmouthattheendofDecemberNewEngland:MarriageIn1895,FrostmarriedinLawrenceElinorMiriamWhite.shebecameamajorinspirationinhispoetryuntilherdeathin1938.NewEngland:HarvardFrom1897to1899FroststudiedatHarvard,butleftwithoutreceivingadegree.NewEngland:FarmingIn1900,thecouplemovedtoafarmDerry,NewHampshiretotrypoultryfarming.England:successsailedforEnglandin1912attheageof38.publishedhisfirsttwobooksofpoetry.sailedbackfortheU.S.inFebruary,1915.NewEngland:triumphIn1920,theFrostsmovedtoShaftsbury,Vermont.FrostlivedinShaftsburyforabout20years.TheYearsofTriumphNewEngland:deathFrostdiedonJanuary29th1963inBoston,attheageof88,andisburiedinBennington,Vermont.IHadALover’sQuarrelWithTheWorldOnFrost’sDeathThedeathofRobertFrostleavesavacancyintheAmericanspirit....Hisdeathimpoverishesusall;buthehasbequeathedhisNationabodyofimperishableversefromwhichAmericanswillforevergainjoyandunderstanding.WorksABoy'sWill(1913)NorthofBoston(1914)MountainInterval(1916)NewHampshire(1923)West-RunningBrook(1928)AFurtherRange(1936)AWitnessTree(1942)MasqueofMercy(1947)IntheClearing(1962)TheRoadNotTakenStanzaOneTWOroadsdivergedinayellowwoodAndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowthmeterTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood√／√／√／√／√／AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth√／√／√／／√／Andbeonetraveler,longIstood√／√／√／／√／AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould√／√／√／√／√Towhereitbentintheundergrowth√／√／√√／√／rhymeTWOroadsdivergedinayellowwood………aAndsorryIcouldnottravelboth………bAndbeonetraveler,longIstood………aAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould………aTowhereitbentintheundergrowth………bStanzaTwoThentooktheother,asjustasfairAndhavingperhapsthebetterclaimBecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwearThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesameStanzaThreeAndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblackOh,IkeptthefirstforanotherdayYetknowinghowwayleadsontowayIdoubtedifIshouldevercomebackStanzaFourIshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshenceTworoadsdivergedinawoodandI—ItooktheonelesstraveledbyAndthathasmadeallthedifferenceMeanings:literal&figurativeaforkintheroaddecidewhichwaytogopickstheroad“lesstraveledby.”thetoughchoiceswhentravelingtheroadofliferegretsleavesthepossibilitiesnotchosenbehindAboutChoices1.aclassicconflict:2.Implication:ThathasmadeallthedifferencethemorecommonrouteandtheotherlesstraveledpaththecommoneasywayoflifeandtheexceptionalchallenginglifeAppreciationdeviceAntithesis(对照):thetworoads,thetwochoicesPersonification（拟人）:wantingwear旧瓶装新酒:meter&meaningafaithinthetraditionalformsofpoetrykeepinginstepwiththespiritoftimesusingtheformalstanzapattern,rhymeandregulariambicmeter(sometimesusingblankverseandalsowritingdramaticpoetry,adialogueormonologue).thefragmentationofmodernexperience平实表深意:deceptivelysimplesimplelanguage,ordinaryscenesandrestrainedemotionexploringcomplexitythroughtrivialityandconveyinghismessagebyimplication古今诗歌苦吟卢延让莫话诗中事，诗中难更无。吟安一个字，捻断数茎须。险觅天应闷，狂搜海亦枯。不同文赋易，为著者之乎。夜里一个奔跑的词语（雨晓荷）寂静。风没有惊动一片树叶一只蚊子偷偷纠缠于我空气僵硬硬板床默不做声一个词语咬住我不放感染一群词语跌入失眠思想开出花朵使劲绽放皎洁的眼神意味深长一盏灯吵醒屋子一支笔捏出老茧一首诗难产痛了整整一夜江城子·祈福马航失联客机徘徊客舍夜尤长，望轩窗，只仓惶。触目揪心，兄弟可安康？牵挂此番无处诉。云渺渺，海茫茫。一人无讯几多伤，对汪洋，且焚香。欲问长天，何忍泪行行？风骤偏逢三月雪，谁禁得，这凄凉？FrostQuotesAllpoetryisareproductionofthetonesofactualspeech.Apoembeginsindelightandendsinwisdom.StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningStanzaOneWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.StanzaTwoMylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.StanzaThreeHegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.StanzaFourThewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep.ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleepappreciationRhymeabba/bbcb/ccdc/ddddastronginterlacedrhymepatternRhymingallfourlinesinthelaststanzaRepeatingthelastlinehypnotisePointstoPonder1.Describethespeaker’sattitudeuponseeingthewoods.2.Whydoesthehorsehesitate?3.Commentonthesetting.Whydidtheauthoruseawinterscene?4.Whathappensattheendofthepoem?雪夜林边小驻（余光中译）想来我认识这座森林，林主的庄宅就在邻村,却不会见我在此驻马，看他林中积雪的美景。我的小马一定颇惊讶：四望不见有什么农家，偏是一年最暗的黄昏，寒林和冰湖之间停下。它摇一摇身上的串铃，问我这地方该不该停。此外只有轻风拂雪片，再也听不见其他声音。森林又暗又深真可羡，但我还要守一些诺言，还要赶多少路才安眠，还要赶多少路才安眠。雪夜林边驻脚（飞白译）我想我认识树林的主人他家住在林边的农村；他不会看见我暂停此地，欣赏他披上雪装的树林。我的小马准抱着个疑团：干嘛停在这儿，不见人烟，在一年中最黑的晚上，停在树林和冰湖之间。它摇了摇颈上的铃铎，想问问主人有没有弄错。除此之外唯一的声音是风飘绒雪轻轻拂过。树林真可爱，既深又黑，但我有许多诺言不能违背，还要赶多少路才能安睡，还要赶多少路才能安睡。moodAsenseofmysteryAdreamqualitythemeamysteriousencounterwiththenaturalworldabeautifullyricadarkmeditationsleep/deathmetaphorgentlelongingfordeathAlyricpoemof9linescenteringupondestructiveemotions.FirstappearedinDec.1920issueofHarper’s.FireandIceSomesaytheworldwillendinfire,Somesayinice.FromwhatI’vetastedofdesireIholdwiththosewhofavorfire.FireandIceButifithadtoperishtwiceIthinkIknowenoughofhateTosaythatfordestructioniceIsalsogreatAndwouldsuffice.artisticfeaturesMeter:iambictetrameter(lines13456and7)andiambicdimeter(lines2,8and9)Rhyme:threeunitsofendrhyme.134/2579/68.Alloftheendrhymesaremasculine.Alliteration:somesaytheworldwillIholdwiththosewhofavorfirethemeThecentralthemeof“FireandIce”isthathumanemotionsaredestructivewhenallowedtorunamok.Theycandestroyapersonmorally;theycandestroyhimmentallyandphysically.Notfrequently,unbridledemotions-----suchasthoseofanAdolfHitler---candestroyentirecountriesandeventhreatentodestroycivilizationitself.MyNovemberGuestMySorrow,whenshe’sherewithme,ThinksthesedarkdaysofautumnrainArebeautifulasdayscanbe;Shelovesthebare,thewitheredtree;Shewalksthesoddenpasturelane.Herpleasurewillnotletmestay.ShetalksandIamfaintolist:She’sgladthebirdsaregoneaway,She’sgladhersimpleworstedgrayIsslivernowwithclingingmist.Thedesolate,desertedtrees,Thefadedearth,theheavysky,Thebeautiesshesotrulysees,ShethinksIhavenoeyeforthese,Andvexesmeforreasonwhy.NotyesterdayIlearnedtoknowTheloveofbareNovemberdaysBeforethecomingofthesnow,Butitwerevaintotellherso,Andtheyarebetterforherpraise.我的忧愁和我同在这里时认为这些秋雨连绵的日子是一年四季最美丽的时日；她爱那些光秃秃的枯树枝，她常漫步在浸水的湿草地。她的愉快不容我稍事歇息，她喋喋不休，我不得不听；她高兴那些鸟儿都已离去，她高兴她朴素的灰色毛衣，沾满雾气，晶亮有如白银。我的11月来客(江枫)那一棵棵寂寞荒凉的树木，阴沉的天空，褪色的大地，她看得真切、美好的景物，以为我缺乏眼力熟视无睹，总缠着问我由于什么道理。并不是昨天我才开始懂得喜爱这些白雪降临之前的贫瘠而又荒凉的11月景色，可是我又何必告诉她这个，经她赞美的景色毕竟更美。我的“悲哀”，当她和我同在这里的时候，以为这阴暗的秋雨天是一年中最美丽的日子，她爱好这枯秃的、凋零的树木，她散步在潮湿的阡陌间。她的愉快使我一点不得停留，她讲说着而我满意地听着：她很高兴鸟儿飞逝，她很高兴她的衰老的灰色现在已随着迷漫的雾而变为银色了。我的十一月来客(施蛰存)那些寂寞荒凉的树木凋零的地，沉重的天，她这样真实地看着这些美景，她以为我没有看见，就纠缠我追问理由。我其实早已懂得那降雪以前的凋零的十一月天的可爱；但告诉她也是徒然的，还不如让她自己去赞赏。