MBA英语历年真题及答案(2006-2010)

2006 年1 月 1.In some countries girls are still_____of a good education. A denied.B declined C denved D deprived 2. As the years passed， the memories of her childhood______away. A faded B disappearedC flashed D fired 3. Brierley's book has the________ of being both informative and readable. A inspiration B requirements C myth D merit 4.If I have any comments to make， I'll write them in the ______of the book I'm reading A edge B page C margin D side 5. My________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat. A consciousness B consequenceC constitution D conscience 6. When the post fell_______ 。Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it. A empty B vacant C hollow D hare 7. Mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most _________person in each family. A considerate B considerableC considering D constant 8. For ten years the Greeks _______the city of Troy to separate it from the outside. A captured B occupied C destroyed Dsurrounded 9. Other guests at yesterday's opening， which was broadcast______ by the radio station， included Anne Melntosh and Mayor. A live B alive C living D lively 10. A New Zealand man was recently_________to life imprisonment for the murder of an English tourist， Monica Cantwell. A punished B accusedC sentenced D put 11. The past 22 years have really been amazing， and every prediction we've made about improvements have al come____ A truly B true C Truth D truthful 12. The teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem，however， they just didn't see the point. A convince B encourage C consult D inclined 13. I'm_________ to think that most children would like their teachers to be their friends rather than their commanders. A subjected B supposed C declined D inclined 14. She is under the impression that he isn't a_____________person for he wouldn't tell her where and when he went to university. A genius B generous C genuine D genetic 15. The first glasses of Coca Cola were drunk in 1886.The drink was first_____by a US chemist called John Pemberton A formed B made C found D done 16. These two chemicals_________with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion. Ainteract B attract C react D expel 17. _________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done， they will not succeed. A Since BUnless C If D Whether 18. Once you have started a job， you should do it__________. A in practice B in theory C in earnest D in a hurry 19. Although they new library service has been very successful， its future is ______certain. A at any rate B by no means C by all means D at any cost 20.To my surprise， at yesterday's meeting he again_________the planthat had been disapproved a week before. A brought about B brought out C brought up D brought down . Section II Cloze (10 points) Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices， 21 hat businesseswere still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt ( 冲击) of higher energy costs. The Producer Price Index 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services， 24 1 percent in July.The Labor Department reported yesterday. Double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June.Excluding 26 and energy.the core index of producer prices rose 0 。4 percent， 27 than the 0 。1 percent that economists had 28.Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices. On Tuesday， the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were31 0。5 percent over all， and up 0 。1 percent， excluding food and energy. 32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs， which increased 4 。4 percent n the month.(Wholesale food prices 34 0 。3 percent in July.35 July 2004， Wholesale prices were up 4 。6 percent， the core rate 36 2 。8 percent， its fastest pace since 1995. Typically， increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers 。38 for much of this expansion， which started 39 the end of 2001， that has not been the 40.In fact， many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products 21.A indicate B to indicate C indicating Dindicated 22.A of B to C by D from 23.A that B which C it D this 24。Arise B rises C rose D raised 25。A that B what C which D this 26.A food B grain C crop Ddiet 27.A less B lower C higher D more 28.A said B reported C calculated D forecast 29.A expectable B.unexpected C expectation D expecting 30.A prices B costs C charges D values 31.A down B from C to D up 32.A Much B Most C Most of D Much of 33.A was B were C is D are 34.A fall B fell C falls D has fallen 35.A Comparing with B In comparison C Compared with DCompare to 36.A dropped B declined C lifted D climbed 37.A as B so C while D when 38.A And B But C Yet D Still 39.A at B by C in D to 40.A condition B situation C matter D case Section III Reading Comprehension (40 points) Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation ( 计算机自动化).Word 000 jobs over the next few years， while 57，processors and typists will lose about 93，000 secretarial jobs will vanish.Blame the PC: Today， many executives type their own memos and carry there" secretaries" in the palms of their hands.Time is also hard for stock clerks， whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68，000.And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are being replaced with computerized systems. But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line.Many will shift to growing positions within their own companies.When new technologies shook up the telecomm business， telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining.She is now a communications technician，earning about $ 64，000 per year.Of course， if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years， and you find yourself replaced by an E ZPass machine， it may be of little consolation( 安慰) to know that the telecom field is booming. And that's just it: The service economy is fading: welcome to the expertise( 专门知识) economy.To succeed in the new job market， you must be able to handle complex problems.Indeed， all but one of the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---demand at least a bachelor's degree. For those with just a high school diploma( 毕业证 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf )。It's going to get tougher to find a well-paying job.Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available 。what's left be the jobs that compumations can't kill， computers cant clean offices ，or for Alzheimer's patients( 老年痴呆病人).But ，since most people have the skills to fill those positions， the wages stay painfully low ， meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge ( 楔子) between the and poor， The best advice now ，Never stop learning ，and keep up with new technology. For busy adults of course that can be tough ，The good news is that very technology that's reducing so many jobs is a making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom.So called internet distance learning is hot， with more than three million students currently enrolled ， and it's gaining credibility with employers. Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer ？ Check the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook ，which is available online at bless 。god . 41. Prom the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT. A secretaries B stock clerks C managers D wholesalers 42. In the second paragraph the anther mentions the tollbooth collector to A mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fled B show he is too old to shift to a new position C console him on having been replaced by a machine D blame the PC for his unemployment 43. By saying " ┅ compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor "(line 5.Para 4 )the author means A people are getting richer and richer B there will be a small gap between rich and poor C the gap between rich and poor is getting larger an larger D it's time to close up be gap between the rich and poor 44. What is the author's attitude towards computers？ A positive B negative C neutral D prejudiced 45. Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage？ A Blaming the PC B The booming telecomm field C Internet distance leaning D Keeping up with compumation Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage： Tens of thousands of 18 year olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas 。These diplomas won't look any different from awarded their luckier classmates Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover the these graduates are semiliterate( 半文盲) Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational - repair - adult - literacy Programs， such as the one where I teach grammar and writing 。There ，high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school ，They will discover they have been cheated by our educational system. I will never forget a teacher senior when be had her for English ."He site in the back of the room talking to his friends " 。she told me ，" Why don't you move him to the front row？ I urged believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down， Mrs.Stifter said ，"I don't move seniors.I think (使┅ 不及格) them." Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes.No teacher had ever threatened him.By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good this 。It was a radical approach for these times ，but well.Why not ？ She's going to flunk you " I told my son. I did not discuss it any further 。Suddenly English became a priorty (头等重要) in his life。He finished out the semester with an A. I know one example doesn't make a case，but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up 。Of average intelligence or better，they eventually quit school，concluding they were too dumb to finish." I should have been held back，" is a comment I hear frequently 。Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class."I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma." Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills 。We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments 。No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk 。They'd rather be sailing. Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority 。They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got 。They have a healthy fear of failure. People of all ages can rise above their problems，but they need to have a reason to do so 。Yong people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it。But fear of failure can motivate both. 46. What is the subject of this essay？ A view point on learning B a qualified teacher C the importance of examination D the generation gap 47. How did Mrs 。Sifter get the attention of one of the author's children？ A flunking him B moving his seat C blaming him D playing card with him 48. The author believes that most effective way for a teacher is to A purify the teaching environments . B set up cooperation between teachers and parents. C hold back student. D motivate student. 49.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors' attitude toward flunking is A negative B positive C biased D indifferent 50.Judging from the content ， this passage is probably written for A administrators B students C teachers D parents Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education.As colleges strive for market share， they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make.Trenton 。State College， for example ，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state. "All I hear in higher education is， "Brand ，brand ，brand，" said Tim Westerbeck， who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne， a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations."There has been a sea change over the last 10 years.Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education." Not all efforts at name changes are successful， ofcourse .In 1997 ， the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges， offering a list of majors that includes psychology， music ，urban studies and management.But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School . Now，after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant's creation of "haming structures." "brand architecture" and " identity systems，" the university has come up with a new name: the New School 。Beginning Monday， it will adopt new logon (标识)， banners， business cards and even new names for the individual colleges， all to include the words "the New School." Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived.In altering its name from Cal State.Hayward，to Cal State， East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco. The University of Southern Colorado， a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to bighight many internal changes，including offering more graluate programs and setting higher admissions standards. Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women's college， to promote its growth into a full-fledged( 完全成熟的) university and officials acknowledged，to climinate some jokes about the college's old name on late-night television and "moring zoo" radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results.At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications， the average student's test score has increased by 60 points， Juli Roebeck， an Arcadia spokeswoman， said. 51.which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names？ A They prefer higher education competition B They try to gain advantage in market share. C They want to project their image. D They hope to make some changes. 52.It is implied that one of the most significant changes in highter education in the past decade is A the brand. B the college names C the concept of marketing D list of majors. 53.The thrase "come up with"(Line 3 Para 4)probably means A catch up with B deal with C put forward D come to the realizatoin 54.The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the university A is perceived by the society B hopes to expand its influence C prefers to reform its reaching programs D expects to enlange its campus 55.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver College A turns out very successful B fails to attain its goal C has eliminated some jokes D has transformed its status Question 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: it looked just like another aircraft from the outside The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964 。But apperances were deceptive and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aiecraft were in for the fligt of their lives. Inside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel 。Heavily padded( 填塞) from floor to ceiling it looked abit strange.There were almost no windows ，but ligts along the padded walls illuminated it 。Most of the seats had been taken out apart from afew at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear. For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency 。the challenge had been to suggest imaginative experments to be conducted in weightless condtions. For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an onormous bird which had lose its reson， shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth 。The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds. The aircraft took off smoothly enough.But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds.Then the engines cut our and we became weightless. Everything become confused and left or right.Up or down no longer had any meaning.after ten seconds of free fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive.The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss.but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump. Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless.A new team conduct it experience.First it was the Ducth who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet.then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a futher space station 。the Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites. After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments， the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness.Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat. 56.what did the writer say about the plane？. A It had no seats. B It was painted white. C It had no windows. D The outside was misleading. 57.according to the writer ，how did the young scientists feel before the flight？ A sick B keen C nervous D impatient 58.what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off？ A He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines. B He climbed and them made the plane fall slowly. C He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds. D He climbed and then made the plane turn over. 59.Acoording to the passage，the purpose of being weightless was to A see what conditions bare like in space B prepare the young scientists for future work in space C show the judges of the competition what they could do D make the teams try out their ideas 60.this passage was written to A encourage young people to take up science B describe the process of a scientific competition C show scientists what young people can do D report on a new scientific technique Section IV Translation（20 point） Directions：in this section there is a passage in English. translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET The smooth landing of shuttle （航天飞机）Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one：the dislodging of a big chunk of foam，like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve，the verdict is necessarily mixed.（61）Once again，the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem，and no one seems willing to guess how that may take . The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission，and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects.（62）space officials were justifiably happy that so much had gone well，despite daily worries over possible risks. the flight clearly achieved its prime objectives. The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station，which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft .（63）They replaced a broken device .repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station，showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space. This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever. with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit.（64）New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly .and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight . （65）。The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart，In the end the damage was clearly tolerable . A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin the first of its kind moved an astronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights. perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success . 答案 词汇： 1--5 D A D C D 6--10 B A D A C 11--15 B B D A B 16--20 A B C B C 完型填空： 21--25 C D B C B 26--30 A C D B A 31--35 D D A B C 36--40 D A C A D 阅读理解： 41--45 C B C A D 46--50 A A D B C 51--55 A C C A C 56--60 A C A D A 61）航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。似乎也没有人愿意揣 测那要多久。 62）航空部官员理所当然感到庆幸，虽然他们每天担忧可能会出现什么样的危险， 但结果却一切进展顺利。此次飞行完成了首要任务。 63）他们换掉了破损的设备， 修好了另一个设备，清理掉太空站上的垃圾， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明航 天飞机可以满载太空站上的物品，返回地球。 64）事实证明，用新的感应和照片拍摄设备来查找对敏感的外层表皮带来可能的损 伤，这是非常有价值的。 65）大量的图像， 以及公开谈论难以确定的潜在危险，有时让人觉得航天飞机马上 会解体。最终，所造成的损伤明显是可以忍受的。 2007 年1 月 Section I Vocabulary (10 points) Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D．Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil． 1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job． A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing 2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year． A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense 3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability． A．scope B．space C．capacity D．range 4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education． A．probabilities B．realities C．necessities D．opportunities 5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble． A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled 6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract． A．prosperous B．preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective 7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the? economies of developing countries were growing very fast． A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery 8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world． A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled 9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition． A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical 10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole． A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication 11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations- A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced 12．Applicants should note that all positions are--to Australian citizenship requirements． A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective 13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to? employment opportunities． A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission 14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a? specific order A．only B．sole C．mere D．single 15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the? performance of many children． A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify 16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam． A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off 17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events． A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up 18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______. A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best 19．I don't think you'll change his mind；once he's decided on so something he tends to _____it. A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on 20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer． A. more than B. but for C．thanks to D. along with Section 1I Cloze (10 points) Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage．there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil． Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 2 1 she's worried about what she calls' my rolling mental blackouts." "I try to remember something and I just blank out，"she says You may 22 about these lapses，calling them " senior moments "or blaming "early Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症)．"Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age-related． "When a teenager can't find her keys，she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized， "says Paul Gold．"A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．"In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades． In healthy people，memory doesn't worsen as 27 as many of us think．"As we 28，the memory mechanism isn't 29 ，"says psychologist Fergus Craik．"It's just inefficient．" The brain's processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there's less activity in the brain．But， cautions Barry Gordon，"It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded （气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it." There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 37 effort．Margaret Sewell says："We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain 39 shape．It's like having a good body．You Can't go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form." 21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never 22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize 23．A. much B. little C. more D. less 24．A. since B. for C. by D. because 25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health 26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding 27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly 28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow 29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working 30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information 31．A . why B. how C. what D. when 32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although 33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse 34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained 35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet 36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes 37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends 38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study 39．A. to B. for C. on D. in 40．A. so B. or C. and D. if Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation. It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing （同化的）forces of globalization. Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages. For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient （有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（ 原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language. 41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________. A．an increasingly interconnected world B．maintaining small numbers of speakers C．relatively isolated language communities D．following the tradition of the 20th century 42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______. A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite 43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________. A．small languages become acceptable in work places B．homogenize the world's languages and cultures C．global languages reach home and community settings D．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity 44.Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________. A．makes learning a global language unnecessary B．facilitates the learning and using of those languages C．raises public awareness of saving those languages D．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages 45.In the author's view, many endangered languages are________. A．remarkably well-kept in this modern world B．exceptionally powerful tools of communication C．quite possible to be revived instead of dying out D．a unique way of bringing different groups together Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: Everyone，it seems，has a health problem 。After pouring billions into the National Health Service，British people moan about dirty hospitals，long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada's new Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country's lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income. But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford's announcement this week that it would cut up to 30.000 jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of it's"legacy " health -care costs as of the ills of the car industry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers ( 生育高峰期出生的人) will crush the government's finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform ;plan in next week's state-of -the -union address. America's health system is unlike any other. The Unite States spends 16% of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6,280 for every American each year. Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to an accident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the bill for the poor and the elderly. This curious hybrid （混合物）certainly has its strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans' bills could be much higher if American medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development（R&D）for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited-especially by foreigners-is the army of uninsured. Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and ,if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. And there are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures,30% of American health spending is wasted. Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the "socialized medicine" of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is done privately, around 60% of America's heath-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD（Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development）average, and that share is set to grow as the baby-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage. America is , in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default. 46.Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT_________. A. poor hospital conditions in U.K. B. Angela Merkel under attack C. health financing in Germany D. long waiting lines in Canada 47.Ford's announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford_________. A. has the biggest health problem of the car industry B. has made profits from its health-care legacy C. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burden D. owes a great deal of debt to its employees 48.In the author's opinion, America's health system is _________. A. inefficient B. feasible C. unpopular D. successful 49.It is implied in the passage that_________. A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknesses B. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderly C. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insurance D. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research 50.from the last paragraph we may learn that the "socialized medicine" is____________. A. a practice of Canada and Europe B. a policy adopted by the US government C. intended for the retiring baby-boomers D. administered by private enterprises Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: When Thomas Keller, one of America's foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. I he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se. his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping--as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems, is to be anticapitalist , and maybe even a little French.. But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping-and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice. Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense."Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job"is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants. Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip. Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled--in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers,. What's more,. consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upwelling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized. In addition , the practice of tip pooling , which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon , has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter . In an unreasonable outcome , you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one . Indeed , there appear to be little connection between tipping and good service . 51.It may be inferred that a European-style service______. A . is tipping-free B .charges little tip C .is the author's initiative D .is offered at Per-se 52.Which of the following is NOT true according to the author . A .Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world. B .Waiters don't care about tipping C .Customers generally believe in tipping. D .Tipping has little connection with the quality of service. 53.According to Michael Lynn's studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they______ A. have performed good service B. frequently refill customers' water glass C. win customers' favor D. serve customers of the same sex 54.We may infer from the context that "upwelling"(Line 2, Para 6) probably means ________ A. selling something up B. selling something fancy C. selling something unnecessary D. selling something more expensive 55.This passage is mainly about __________ A. reasons to abolish the practice of tipping B. economic sense of tipping C. consumers' attitudes towards tipping D. tipping for good service Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: "I promise." " I swear to you it'll never happen again." "I give you my word." "Honestly. Believe me." Sure, I trust. Why not I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity. I read my students' essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism （剽窃）appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won't detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student's work with his or her name even if it's missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average（GPA） When we're threatened or sick, we make conditional promises. "If you let me pass math I will …." "Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I'll…." Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature Perhaps, but we do use that cliché（ 陈词滥调）to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception. Why not Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it I'd understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. "I promise…., I'm not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I'm just nervous today." The head of the English department agreed with my finding, and the meeting with the dean had the boy's parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy's previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation （留校察看）, the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, "He's only a child" and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such…. Except in this uncomfortable circumstance. 56.According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for_____. A．money B．degree C．higher GPA D．reputation 57.the sentence " Once the situation is behind us , so are the promises' implies that_________. A．students usually keep their promises B．some students tend to break their promises C．the promises are always behind the situation D．we cannot judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises 58.The "borderline passing"（Line 3,Para.3）probably means____________. A．fairly good B．extremely poor C．above average D．below average 59.The boy's parents thought their son should be excused mainly because_______________. A．teachers should be compassionate B．he was only a child C．instructors were wiser D．he was threatened 60.Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage A．Human Nature B．Conditional Promises C．How to Detect Cheating D．The Sadness of Plagiarism Section IV Translation (20 points) Directions: In this section there is a passage in English Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age. Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living --not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace--always have come from" better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor ,concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments. 答案 1、B taking v. 带、拿exerting v 施加（压力） giving v. 给pushing v. 推 译文：他的妻子不断的给他施加让他换工作的压力。 2、A extinct adj. 灭绝的 mstinct n. 本能 distinct adj. 清楚的 intense adj.强烈的，剧烈的 译文：目前，据会计，每年大约有五万个特种濒临灭绝。 3、 B Scope n. 范围 space n. 空间 capacity n. 容量 range n. 范围，等级 译文：约翰说他目前的这份工作不能给他提供足够的发展他的组织能力的空间。 4、 D Probability n. 可能性 reality n. 现实 necessity n. 必要性 opportunity n. 机会 译文：许多机会将为那些受过大学教育的人开放。 5、 B Inhabit v. 居住 inherit v. 继承 inhibit v. 约束 inhale v. 吸入 译文：他的叔叔死后，这个年轻人继承了他叔叔的优厚的房地产事业，从一个穷小子变成了 一个富有的贵族。 6、 B Prosperous adj. 繁荣的 preliminary adj. 预备的 pessimistic adj. 悲观的 prospective adj. 预期的 译文：经理 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 一个初级的顾客来告诉他尝试签署这个合同。 7、 C Revival n. 复活 repression n. 镇压 recession n. 萧条 recovery n. 复苏 译文：1991 年，当工业发达国家的经济遭遇了一场经济萧条时，发展中国家的经济正在快速 的增长。 8、 A Summon v. 召集，召唤 tempt v. 诱惑 provoke v. 激发 Twin 塔的毁灭引起了全世界人民的震惊和愤怒。 9．C Decisive adj 决定性的 urgent 紧急的 vital 重大的，致命的 critical 批判的 大约20 个在飞机失事中受伤的乘客牌紧要的环境中 10．C Importance 重要性 impression 印象 impact 影响 implication 暗示 中美之间的友好往来对于亚非地区以及整个世界的和平稳定有奋斗目标十分重大的影响。 11．A Inclined 倾向 vulnerable 志愿的 attracted 吸引的 reduced 减少的 穷的国家及其倾向于国际经济的波动。 12．D Subject 题目 subjective 主观的 objected 客观 objective 客观的 申请书上应该客观的记录澳大利亚居民的需求的职位。 13．C Entrance 入口 entry 进入 access 接近 admission 允许 我们的目的是确保所有的候选人都能被除数公平的对待，并且确保他们有平等的雇佣机会。 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 18 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com 14．B Only 仅仅 sole 唯一的 mere 仅仅 single 单一的 成功的学习不是一个唯一的活动而是在一个有序的秩序中组成四个独特的舞台。 Withhold v. 抑制 prevent v. 阻止 enhance v. 提高 justify v. 证明 探求和发展这种机会并且鼓励这样做能够增强很多孩子的表现力。 16. B Showed off 炫耀 paid off 给报酬，有回报left off keep off 保持，维持 他所有的努力最后都会有所报答的，最终她通过了考试。 17．A Put up 张贴 set up 建立 turn up 出现 make up 弥补 为了过想要过的生活和成为想要成为的人，我们不得不多做一些事情。 18．B at hand 在附近 at stake 边缘 at large 普遍 at best 最多 19．B Stick to 坚持 abide by 坚持，遵守 comply with 与…一致 keep on 继续 我认为你不能改变他的想法，因为一旦，他决定了某些事情他就会坚持。 20．D More than 大于，多于 bur for 要不是 thanks to 多亏了 along with 一起 汤姆把钞票、零钱和收据放到了抽屉中。 CLOZE 部分 21－25 AADCA 26－30 ADDAB 31－35 ABDDC 36－40 BBBCD 阅读理解部分 41－45 CBDBC 46－50 BCBDC 51－55 ABCDA 56－60 CDBBB 人类创造力的提升，作为经济生活所定义的特征，为我们这个时代正在发生的巨大变化，提 供了巨大的动力。因为新的技术，新的工业，新的财富都伴随着创造力产生，创造力逐渐受 到重视。所以，我们的生活中和社会中，开始回响着创造性的思想。正是我们在各个方面对 创造力的认同，形成了我们这个时代潜在的精神。 创造力对于我们今天的生活和工作是致关重要的，从许多意义上来说曾经也是。在不设计大 市场中大的竞争优势的情况下，生活水平的大幅度提高总是来自更好的食谱，而不是更多的 烹饪。也许会有人提出这并不完全正确。有人也许会举例指出，从早期的工业革命到现代化 时代这么长的时期内，在工业领域中，许多生产效率的进步和物质财富的增长并不仅仅来源 煜创造性的发明，如蒸气机，还来源于讲求量的商业 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 的广泛应用，比如大规模的劳动力 划分，资本集中，纵向联合和经济规模。但是这些方法本身就是创造性的发展。 Section V Writing (20 points) In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. Describe the table and state your opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET Accidents in a Chinese City (2005) Main accident causes Number of accidents in 2005 Percentage rise (+) or fall (-) Drivers training left without due care 608 +10% Drivers turning too close to other vehicles 411 +9% pedestrians crossing roads carelessly 401 +12% Drivers driving under the influence of alcohol 281 +15% Drivers failing to give a signal 264 -5% 范文 As can be seen from the above table, comparing to the past, in 2005, the traffic accidents in Chinese city were still ignored by both drivers and pedestrians. Records show that some badly changes had taken place in the following aspects. In the year of 2005, accidents in a Chinese city caused by drivers training left without due care grew 10%, which is 608 in total. And drivers turning too close to other vehicles cause the number of accidents to be 411, which is 9% added comparing to the past. Although there was only 281 accidents related with drivers driving under the influence of alcohol, it still increased 15% which was the greatest change of all. Besides the drivers, the table also tells us those pedestrians crossing roads carelessly can't be ignored, with which the number of accidents is 401 associated. It is no difficult job for us to come up with some possible factors that are responsible for the changes . For one thing, the government is still not aware of the necessary of strict training for drivers. It is government officers' failing in their duty that make the drivers training left without due care. For another, divers do not have true understanding in importance of save. Many drivers even drive under the influence of alcohol; some drivers turn too close to another vehicles or overtake another vehicles in front in order to catch pleasant sensation for a moment. Besides, an important factor worth our concern is that our pedestrians always cross road crossly. some citizens even violate traffic rules in order for convenient. Considering the current issue and worsening situation, we should call for some immediate actions. In other words, our government of various levels must make relevant plans or rules to guarantee every drivers having strict training. Besides, the general public should also be made aware that any prompt solution is of benefit to all. Therefore, it's the duty of ordinary people to actively participate in the action. As a driver, we should drive his car carefully, especially when the weather is bad; as a pedestrian, we should not cross a road when the traffic lights do not permit them to. 2008 年1 月 Section I Vocabulary Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. A raw B bleak C flexible D fertile 2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world's oil. A assume B consume C resume D presume 3. You shouldn't be so ___ ---I didn't mean anything bad in what I said. A sentimental B sensible C sensitive D sophisticated 4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations. A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme 5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year's notice. A deny B object C suspect D withdraw 6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation. A mutual B optional C neutral D parallel 7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place. A superior B rigorous C vital D unique 8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs. A range B field C scale D area 9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products. A translated B transformed C transferred D transported 10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____only by flood. A exceeded B excelled C excluded D extended 11. Voices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered. A. swollen B. increased C. developed D. raised 12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time. A. which B. where C. when D. whereas 13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very ___about the food he eats. A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual 14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren't ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago,according to scientists from Imperial College in London. A. upon B. with C. in D. for 15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems. A. recognizes B. requires C. releases D. relays 16. In its 14 years of _____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States. A. endurance B. emergence C. existence D. eminence 17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow. A. started up B. got stuck C. set back D. stood by 18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them. A. In view of B. Thanks to C. In case of D. Contrary to 19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture. A. fit in with B. look down on C. cling to D. hold back 20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points) Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics. In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively. The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America. _32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city's time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours. ___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts. 21. A. in B. for C. of D. from 22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series 23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize 24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated 25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding 26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing 27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place 28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor 29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates 30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole 31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common 32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of 33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim 34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever 35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly 36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively 37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once 38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns 39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances 40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasible Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (40 points) Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. "My whole motto ( 座右铭) was 'Start small, think big, and have fun', " says MacDonald, 26, "I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. " Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing. This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier-what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls "the double coincidence of wants." That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency. Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is "hugely bartered" because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don't register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges. Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to "grade" trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be "liberated from corrupt middlemen." For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past. 41. The word "techies" (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ＿＿＿. A. afraid of technology B. skilled in technology C. ignorant of technology D. incompetent in technology 42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ＿＿＿. A. were impressed by his creativity B. were eager to identify with his motto C. liked his goal announced in advance D. hoped to prove the power of the Internet 43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ＿＿＿. A. the size of barter sties B. the use of virtual currency C. the quality of goods or services D. the location of trading companies] 44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ＿＿＿. A. companies make more profit B. companies do formal exchanges C. media register in statistics D. media grade barter sites 45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author? A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way. B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries. C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange. D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey's biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough. Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to "stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living." The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance( 监视) system tailored towards gun crime. Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city's recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned. When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week. Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime. Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year's high). 46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th? A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder. B. Four young people were killed in a school playground. C. The new mayor of Newark took office. D. Four college students fell victim to violence. 47. Judging from the context, the "Community Eye"(Line5,Para 2)is_____ A. a watching system for gun crime B. a neighborhood protection organization C. an unprofitable community business D. a grassroots organization 48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____ A. violence B. flood C. poverty D. indifference 49. Mayor Booker's effort against crime seem to be ______ A. idealistic B. impractical C. effective D. fruitless 50. The best title for the passage may be _____ A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep Living B. Efforts to Fight against Gun Crimes C. A Mission to Revitalize the City D. Violent Murders in Newark Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection. With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship. The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an "escape fund". Margaret's story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings. Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension. Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he'd hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn't sure of the marriage." He'd think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure." Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money. Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. "I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day." "When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It's sensible to build and protect your personal financial security." 51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______ A. escape fund helps one through rainy days B. days are getting harder and harder C. women are money sensitive D. financial conflicts often occur 52. The word "savvy"(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______ A. suspicious B. secure C. shrewd D. simple 53. Which inference can we make about Margaret? A. She is a unique woman. B. She was once divorced. C. She is going to retire. D. She has many children. 54. The author mentions Colleen's example to show_____ A. any couple can avoid marriage conflicts B. privacy within marriage should be respected C. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriage D. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad 55. Which of the following best summary this passage? A. Secret Savers B. Love Is What It's Worth C. Banking Honesty D. Once Bitten, Twice Shy Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: "The word 'protection' is no longer taboo ( 禁忌语)". This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause. These leaders, of course, weren't acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they'd profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade. That's why Sarkozy's words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that 'creative destruction" was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there's clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy ( 虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Lock at what's happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else's when they dominate these global institutions. The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today's global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there's a real danger that Adam Smith's principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another. 56. It can be inferred that "protection" (Line 1, Para.1) means________ A. improving economic efficiency. B. ending the free-trade practice C. lowering moral standard D. raising trade tariffs 57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________ A. it is beneficial to their economies B. it is supported by developing countries C. it makes them keep faith in their principles D. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith 58. By "the tables have turned" (Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________ A. the Western leaders have turned self-centered B. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free trade C. the developed economies have turned less competitive D. the developing economies have become more independent 59. The Western economies used to like the idea of "creative destruction" because it________ A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goal B. was an essential part of capitalist development C. contained a positive rather than negative mentality D. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies 60. The author uses "IMF" was an example to illustrate the point that_______ A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical B. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice C. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates D. European countries' interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV Translation Directions: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term "business model" first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet( 空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched. Section V Writing Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) 以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考 大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有390 名本科毕业生，15 名硕士生。 写一篇约150 字左右的作文进行评论和表达自己的意见。 答案 1-5 ABCBD 6-10 ACABA 11-15 DDCDA 16-20 CBDCB 21-25 DCABC 26-30 DABCA 31-35 BDBCD 36-40 ADCAB 41-45 BDBAC 46-50 DABCA 51-55 ACBDA 56-60 DABDB 2009 年1 月 Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%) Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. 1. The poor lady was too and distressed to talk about the tragedy. A. engaged B. exhausted C. ignorant D. energetic 2. At first , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all. A. glance B. gaze C. stare D. view 3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didn't approve. A. discipline B. theory C. principle D. nature 4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth. A. scattering B. felling C. maintaining D. lingering 5. Since the of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is theessence of life." A. dusk B. dust C. twinkle C. Dawn 6. The eldest son all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parents. A. Clustered B. resembled C. assembled D. rendered 7. I must leave now, ,if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow . A. Accidentally B. Incidentally C. Occasionally D. Subsequently 8. My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito. A. alert B. acute C. keen D. immune 9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and workers. A. consistent B. conscious C. confidential D. conscientious 10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become to the research team. A. senior B. junior C. indispensible C. independent 11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, in their village, were rescued. A. trapped B. confined C. enclosed D. captured 12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to from downtown to his office everyday. A. wander B. commute C. ramble D. motion 13. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to an unbearable level. A. famous B. favorable C. popular D. preferable 14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high in the govemment to behave so badly in public. A. situation B. position C. profession D. appointment 15. Information given to employees must be , clear and in easy-to-follow language. A．convenient B．continuous C．constant D．concise 16. John was very upset because he was by the police with breaking the law. A. sentenced B. arrested C. accused D. charged 17. David likes country life and has decided farming. A. go in for B. go back on C. go along with D. go through with 18. Jennifer has never really her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face that she'll never have a child. A. come to terms with B. come up against C. come out with D. come down to 19. A national debate is now about whether we should replace golden weeks with paid Vacations. A. in the way B. by the way C. under way D. out of the way 20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people and asks them questions. A. at ease B. at random B. in essence D. in sum In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population-- 27 rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it . In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat. Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006. In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders. 21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived 22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged 23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability 24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed 25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening 26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though 27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront 28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event 29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off 30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of 31. A. abolishingB. Depriving C. destroying D. eliminating 32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom 33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues 34. A. as many asB. as good as C. as far as D. as well as 35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As 36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied 37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly 38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding 39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform 40. A. for B. from C. across D. over Part III Reading Comprehension (40%) Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. PASSAGE1. Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist , 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved. Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law. Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that In turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers." 41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to . A. depict women's dilemma at work B. explain the newly passed law C. support Norwegian government D. introduce the topic under discussion 42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to . A. pay a heavy fine B. close down its business C. change to a private business D. sign a document promising to act 43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable. B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set. C. A common principle should be followed by all companies. D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law. 44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to . A. the small number of qualified females in management B. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies C. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions D. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles 45. The main idea of the passage might be . A. female power and liberation in Norway B. the significance of Henric Ibsen's play C. women's status in Norwegian firms D. the constitution of board members in Norway PASSAGE2. While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric ( 小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents. In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs. Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things. Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them). She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for." Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better. 46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer A. Children. B. People in their 20s and 30s. C. Young adults. D. Elderly people. 47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______. A. Kris Carr is a female writer B. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old. C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center. D. Kris Carr is very optimistic. 48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________ A. a cancer research organization B. a group of people who suffer from cancer C. people who have recovered from cancer D. people who cope with cancer 49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________ A. she is depressed and likes swearing B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor 50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________ A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients PASSAGE3 。 Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: Should a leader strive to be loved or fearedThis question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power",based on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to "hard power",based on coercion(强迫) and force. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved,but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved."In short,hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion. The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies( 等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls”smart power”,is the best approach. The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the “transformational leadership pattern”.Anone allergic( 反感) to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate. Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers. 51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______. A.well accepted by Joseph Nye B.very influential till nowadays C.based on sound theories D.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists 52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye A.Coercion is widespread. B.Morality is devalued. C.Power is no longer concentrated. D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened 53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____. A.authority B.context C.approaches D.morality 54.Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____. A.makes little use of management terms B.summarizes various studies concisely C.serves as an exit for leadership researchers D.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders 55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____. A.view of changeable leadership B.definition of good leadership C.summary of leadership history D.discussion of moral leadership PASSAGE4 Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage: Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it. Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration( 恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy. The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before." 56. What does the passage mainly discuss A. Human wars. B. Economic crisis. C. America's environmental policies. D. Global environment in general. 57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________. A. of utmost importance B. a fight no one can win C. beyond people's imagination D. a less significant issue 58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_______. A. friction B. contradiction C. conflict D. problem 59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming A. Critical B. Indifferent C. Supportive D. Compromising 60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________. A. the new book written by Fred Krupp B. how America can fight against global warming C. the harmful effects of global warming D. how America can tide over economic crisis 翻译： With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again. Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy. Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets. Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks. Part V Writing (20%) Direction: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Makecomments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on Answer Sheet 2. At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly important role in our lives . We are all aware that, like everything else, short message have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in festivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched. But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored. We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoyed by strangers’ short messages one after another. As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinion, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it disturb us from our lives. 答案 SECRION I 1-10 BACDD CBAAC 11-20 BBABD DBACB SECTION 2 21-30 CDDBC BDDBA 31-40 BACDA DBCAC SECTION 3 41-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAAC SECTION 4 由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金 计划就受到密切关注. 银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一 般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济. 抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售 给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险. 金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这 下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那 是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险. 2010 年1 月 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years. The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0 1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people. Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.” What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-. A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ . A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008. B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C.The market generally went downward in various ways. D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____ A.auction houses ' favorites B.contemporary trends C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists 25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___ A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions C.Art Market in Decline D.Shifted Interest in Arts Text2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence." This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk. 26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands? A.Talking to them. B.Trusting them. C.Supporting their careers. D. Shsring housework. 27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ . A generating motivation. B.exerting influence C.causing damage Dcreating pressure 28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______ A.men tend to talk more in public tan women B.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C.women attach much importance to communication between couples Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ? A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists . B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities. C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage. D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______ A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Txet3 over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues. “There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.” The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup. “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.” Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. 31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________. [A] should be further cultivated [B] should be changed gradually [C] are deepiy rooted in history [D] are basically private concerns 32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____ [A] reveal their impact on people’habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities [C]indicate their effect on people’buying power [D]manifest the significant role of good habits 33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits? [A]Tide [B]Crest [C]Colgate [D]Unilver 34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____ [A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation [C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments 35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____ [A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biased Text4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors. 36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______ [A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 45 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com [C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service [D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public 37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____ [A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws [B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races [C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures 38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____ [A]they were automatically banned by state laws [B]they fell far short of the required qualifications [C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties [D]they tended to evade public engagement 39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___ [A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished [B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors [C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community [D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system 40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______ [A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition [C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and development 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 46 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 47 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com Section Ⅲ Translation 46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points) “Suatain ability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice. Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency. It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 48 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’” 翻译参考 “坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing 而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经 历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天 的行动和选择中。 Ning 回忆起20 世纪90 年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地 找工作，并且与Boulder 代理机构签了约。 事情进展并不顺利，TedNing 说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以 预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning 说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板， 我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’” 47. Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception; 2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) Dear xxx, I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA. Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship. I feel obliged to thank you again. Sincerely yours, 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 49 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com Zhang Wei 48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1) Interpret the chart and 2) Give your comments. You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006. This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries. The developed countries have a limited number of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 50 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com market is saturated. Also at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this service. The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service. As discussed above, it is not surprising to see this change. In my opinion, this trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future. 2010 年考研英语二真题答案： 21 D 22 A 23 B 24 C 25 C 26 A 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 B 31 A 32 A 33 D34 C 35 B 36 A 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 D 新题型 41-45F T T T F 翻译第1 题：本质如今已成一个热门话题，但对TedNing 而言， 这个概念一直有个人含义， 经历了一段痛苦非本质个人生活，使他清楚面向本质的价值观，必须惯彻每天的行动和选择 中。 翻译第2 题：Ning 回忆起了1990 年代，买保险的迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂 找工作与Boulder 代理机构签了约。 翻译第3 题：事情进展不顺利，TedNing 说到：那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激 情，可以预料到他在工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务NING 说：我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着 天花板，我没钱需要工作，每个人都说等吧，只要有耐心会好转的 【范文】小作文： Dear Sir/Madam, I’m writing to express our sincere thanks for your help you have offered to us during our stay in your country for the Sino-American cultural exchange. Without your careful treatment, we should not have found our feet in that city so rapidly. Without your adequate preparation, we should not have got so much knowledge about American culture as well. In a word, but for you the exchange should not have progressed so perfectly. Now we have got back to our country and we all look forward to a further exchange between you America and China. Welcome to china in the future. 咨询电话：010-80352127-606 咨询QQ：81329209 858621712 95874301 - 51 全国十佳网络教育机构 中国MBA 网校 www.52mba.com Again thanks very much for your help. Best wishes! Sincerely yours, LiMing 大作文 大体是:手机订阅服务 As can be seen from the graph, a hotpot is boiling various kinds of words from both Chinese and Western culture. The words can be categorized as literature, moral values and performing arts. In my view, the picture shows us the modern Chinese society in which traditional and Western culture conflict with each other. Meanwhile kinds of different values merge into whole part in some degree. In the highly-integrated world today, we can connect each other very easily. So does the culture. Every one has to face up with kinds of alien culture besides our traditional culture. However, it does not mean the foreign culture should be accepted completely .It is up to the option of the person who has the hotpot. We can decide whether and how to accept it. It means that we should take full advantage of the excellent part of culture. PAGE 41