Unit 5 terms of shipment in the contracts for the international sales of goods

Unit5 国际货物销售合同运输条款 一、装运时间的规定 英文原文：When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory. 　　注释：discuss: 讨论，协商 terms of contract: 合同条款 terms of shipment: 装运条款 compulsory: 必须的，强迫的 　　中文意思：当买卖双方讨论合同条款时，装运条款是必不可少的。 　　英文原文：Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time for shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed. 　　核心句：Terms of shipment include... 　　注释：methods of transport: 运输方式 time for shipment: 装运时间 partial shipment: 分批装运 transshipment: 转船 shipment documents: 装运单据 　　中文意思：装运条款包括运输方式，装运时间，分批装运和转船的规定，装货和卸货的港口或装卸货地点，装运单据，等等。这里需要讨论的是装运的时间。 　　注：在贸易合同中必须明确规定是否分批装运，是否转船，如果没有明确规定，则视为允许分批装运或者转船 　　英文原文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.). (考点) 　　注释：limit: 规定，约束，限制　on board the vessel: 装上船 　　中文意思：装船时间是指规定货物在装运港码头装上船的时间(海运条件下) 　　历年考 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ： 　　Time of Shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods at the port of shipment. 　　 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：对 　　 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 ：这是书中的一句原话，装运期的定义。 二、规定装运时间的几种方式及其说明(考试重点)： 1、合同中常用来规定装运时间的几种方式： 　　1) Shipment on or about June.20, 2008. 于或约于2008年6月20日装运 　　2)Shipment not later than July 31st, 2008. Or, Latest shipment date: July 31st, 2008. 装运时间不迟于2008年7月31日，或者最迟装运期为：2008年7月31日 　　注释:no later than...: 不迟于...;　latest: 最迟的 　　3)Shipment to be made during Jun/July, 2008. 在2008年6月/7月期间装船 　　4)Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance. 收到汇款后15日之内装船。 　　注释：receipt: 收到;　remittance: 汇款 　　5)Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C. In order to prevent the buyer from opening the L/C late, the exporter should stipulate at the same time “ The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than August 20, 2008” 在收到信用证后30天内装船。为了防止买方开立信用证时间过晚，出口商应该同时规定“相关信用证必须不迟于2008年8月20日到达卖方” 　　注释：L/C: Letter of credit　信用证　prevent...from...: 防止...; stipulate: 规定;　at the same time: 同时　relevant: 相关的;　reach:到达 　　2、 条款关于装运时间词语的解释： 　　1)on or about 　　英文原文：According to UCP 600, if the expression “ on or about ” or similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included. 根据UCP600的规定，如使用“于或约于”之类词语限定装运日期，银行将视为在所述日起前后各五天内装运，起讫日包括在内。 　　注释：expression: 说明，措词，表达方式，用词　similar: 类似的;　specified: 规定的，指定的 　　例如：如果信用证中规定装运期为“on or about July 20, 2008,” 那么这个货物应该是在7月15日到7月25日这期间发货，包括7月15日和7月25日在内。 　　历年考题： 　　The L/C stipulates that shipment date: on or about May 20, 2003, it means that the goods can be shipped on board the vessel between . ( 2005年多选题) 　　A. May 15 to May 25 　　B. May 20 to May 25 　　C. May 20 to May 30 　　D. May 10 to May 20 　　答案：A.B 　　分析：课文原文：if the expression “ on or about ” or similar expressions are used, banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specified date, both end days included. 从这里可以看出，用“on or about ”， 银行将视为在所述日期的前后5天装运，以题为例，那么就是在20号前后五天时间装运，包括15号和25号，所以符合这个条件的是A和B. 2) “to”, “till”, “from”/“after” a) The words “to”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understand to include the date mentioned.诸如“止”、“至”、“直至”、“从”及类似意义的词语用于限定信用证中有关装运的任何日期或期限时，应理解为包括所述日期。 　　注释：apply to:　适用于，用于　mentioned: 提及的，所述的 　　b) The word “after” will be understand to exclude the date mentioned. 如“在...之后”应理解为不包括所述日期 　　注释：exclude: 不包括 (反义词：include) 　　历年考题： 　　Which of the following words applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned. . 　　A. until 　　B. from 　　C. after 　　D. to 　　答案：ABD 　　分析：课文原文：The words “to”, “till”, “from” and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understand to include the date mentioned. The word “after” will be understand to exclude the date mentioned. 从这里可以看出，“to”, “till”, “from” 是包含所述日期，但是“after” 是不包含所述日期的。 3) “first half”, “second half” 英文原文：The terms “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. “上半月”和“下半月”应分别理解为自每月“1日至15日”和“16日至月末最后一天”，包括起讫日。 　　注释：first half: 上半时　　second half: 下半时　construe: 解释　respectively:　分别的，相应的　inclusive: 包含的 　　历年考题： 　　If the shipment date is “second half of May” in the credit, then the goods must be shipped before May 20. 　　答案：错 　　分析：课文原文：The terms “first half”, “second half” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th, and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.　从这里我们可以看出，如果用了“second half of a month” 这样的词句，则表示只要在16号到该月的最后一天这期间发货就可以了, 包括16号和该月的最后一天在内。以题为例，发货时间应该是在5月16日到5月31日，包括16日和31日，这一期间发货即可，不一定非要在20日前发货。 　　4)“beginning”, “middle”, or “end” 　　英文原文：The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, and the 21st to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive. “月初”、“月中”和“月末”应分别理解为每月1日至10日、11日至20日和21日至月末最后一天，包括起讫日期。 　　历年考题： 　　The terms “middle” of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as .(2004年单选题) 　　A. the 1st to the 10th 　　B. the 11th to the 20th 　　C. the 5th to the 15th 　　D. the 21st to the 30th 　　答案：B 　　分析：课文原文：The terms “beginning”, “middle”, or “end” of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, and the 21st to the last day of such month...从这里可分辨出　“middle” 是指从11日到20日，包括11日和20日在内。 三、贸易双方在讨论装运时间时应注意的4点：(考试重点) 1.The exporter should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready. 出口商应当考虑能否在装运日期前将货物备妥。如果货物能备妥，是否能配上载货的船只。 　　注释：consider: 考虑 get sth. ready: 把...准备好 　　2.The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way. 装运时间的规定应当清楚、灵活。 　　例如: 　　1)shipment on or about July 20 于或约于7月20日发货。(即灵活又清楚) 　　2)shipment on July 20. 这种规定，虽然很清楚，但是不灵活，如果卖方不能在7月20日发货，则构成违约(break contract) 　　3)Expression such as “ prompt”, “immediately”, “as soon as possible”, and the like should not be used. If they are used banks will disregard them. If these terms are used, disputes may occur because there is no uniform explanation of these terms. 不应该使用诸如“迅速”、“立即”、“尽快”之类的词语，如使用此词语，银行将不予置理。如果使用了这些词语，将会因为对这些词语没有统一的解释而出现争议 　　注释：clear: 在这里是“清楚，明白”之意; flexible: 灵活的，可塑造的;break contract: 违约;prompt: 迅速的，立刻的;immediately: 立即 as soon as possible: 尽快;disregard: 不予理睬，不管，漠视;terms: 在这里是“措词，用语”之意;dispute: 争执，争议，争论;occur: (事情的)发生;explanation: 解释，说明 　　3.Sometimes, the L/C simply stipulates an expiration date without a shipment date, which means these two dates the same. 有时，信用证只规定一个有效期，而没有装运时间的规定，这意味着装运期和有效期为同一天。 　　注释：expiration date: 有效期 　　例如：the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is July 31st without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is also July 31st. 如信用证规定有效期为7月31日，而没有规定装运时间，那么，最迟的装运期也是7月31日。 4.The Expiry Date 有效期 ( 两种情况) 1) if the expiry date of the credit and/or the last day of the period of time for presentation of documents stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the bank to which presentation has to be made is closed, the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents, as the case may be, shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open. 如信用证的到期日及/或信用证固定的交单期限的最后一天适逢接受单据的银行不营业，则规定的到期日及/或装运日后一定期限内交单的最后一天顺延至该银行开业的第一个营业日。 　　核心句子：if the expiry date of credit and/or the last day of the period... falls on a day which the bank is closed, the expiry date and/or the last day of the period of time... shall be extended to... 　　注释：credit: 信用证;period of time: 一段时间;presentation of documents: 交单(presentation: 呈递(present 的名词形式))fall on: 落到，指向(在这里引申为：适逢); close: 关闭(引申为“不营业”相反的是“open” 营业)at the case : 在这种情况下;extend (to)：延伸，延长; following day: 随后的一天(课文中“the first following day” 是指在银行不营业日随后的第一个工作日。) 　　2)The latest date for shipment shall not be extended by reason of extension of the expiry date and/or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents. If no such latest date for shipment is stipulated on the credit or amendments, banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments. 最迟装运日期不得由于有效期及/或交单期的延展而顺延。如信用证或修改未规定最迟装运日期，银行将不接受表明装运日期迟于信用证或修改规定的到期日的运输单据。 　　核心句子：the latest date shall not be extended by reason of...., if no such latest date...., bank will not accept.... 　　注释：by reason of: 由于，因为; accept: 接受(注意与receive 的区别)indicate: 表明，显示 later than: 晚于(相反的是：earlier than) 　　四、常用短语、名词 　　Terms of contract 合同条款 　　Terms of shipment 装运条款 　　Time for shipment 装运时间 　　Partial shipment 分批装运 　　Break the contract 违约 　　Expiration date 有效期 　　Presentation of documents 交单