介词介词讲义及练习

中考英语介词复习 1、介词的主要用法： 介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。 2、介词的分类 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf ： 地点(位置、范围)介词： above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。 方向(目标趋向)介词： across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, between…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离... 时间介词： about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时 方式介词： as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有… 涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言 其它介词: 【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了… 【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为... 【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同 【伴随/状态介词】 against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起 3、重要注释： ⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travelers from abroad come to visit Shanghai. He had a bad cold that week. ⑵ for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于…而言”。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子够大的可以容10个人住) ⑶ of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了) ⑷ 介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。 当宾语是疑问词时。Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁？) 宾语在从句中当连接词时。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗？) 动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。I finally found a chair to sit on. (5) 记住一些固定词组：arrive at/in(到达…),on foot(步行),not…at all(根本不),to the north of(在…以北),in the east of(在…的东部),in the night(在夜间),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕…),be full of(充满/ 装满….),be filled with(充满/ 装满….),be good/bad for(对…有益/有害),be made of(由…做成),be made from(由…制造),play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看),at the end of(在…末梢/结束时),by the end of(不迟于…/到…末为止),with the help of或with one’s help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…),get on (well) with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。 4、某些介词的用法辨析： ⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别： 表示时间时: in用于表季节、年、月、星期，还可泛指早晨、下午和晚上; in the morning on用于表示某日，某日上、下午,或具体的、特定的某一天; on the morning of May 10th. at用于表示时间的某一点. 表示地点时: in表示在某个范围之内; in the cinema on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触; on his nose at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。at the moment at 7：00 in the morning ⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。 He said that he would be here after 6：00. My father is coming back from England in about a month. ⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/一般过去时 )”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态 。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. ⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”. by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具、“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者； in表示“使用”某种语言/文字, with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。 We see with our eyes and walk with our feet. Please write that article(文章) in English. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi. It was written by Lao She. ⑸through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road. There is a bridge across/over the river. They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time. The visitors went through a big gate into another park. (6) at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别： at the end of “在…末；在…尽头”,在用于表示时间时，常与过去时连用； by the end of “在…前；到…为止”,常用于过去完成时； in the end “终于、最后”,通常用于过去时； to the end “到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。 By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III. At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows. They left for Beijing at the end of last week. In the end he succeeded in the final exams. Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office. (7) in front of 与in the front of 的区别 in the front of表示在某一范围之内的前部， in the front of表示某一范围之外的前面。 The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. (在教室之内) The teacher is standing in front of the classroom. (在教室之外) (8 ) except与besides的区别： except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含； besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。 Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom. (Tom没有去故宫) Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects. (“汉语”也是他学的功课之一) 介词填空，不必要的地方划“/”。 1. The accident happened _______ the morning. I was born _______ the evening of Oct. 1st, 1949. I got up late _______ this morning. 2. My father will be back ________ two weeks. I was doing my homework _______ this time yesterday. I have lived in Beijing _______ I was born. I have taught in Beijing _______over ten years. 3. Have you heard _______ John recently? Nearly everyone has heard ______ the ghosts, but nobody really heard them. 4. He wants to borrow some money _______ me. You had better return the money _______ me this afternoon. 5. The man ______ black and ______ a fan in the right hand is our English teacher. 6. Edison was very interested ______ science when he was a boy. Tom is fond _______ going to the parties. 7. Na Hanwas written ______ Chinese ______ Lu Xun. 8. Don’t spend so much time ______ TV. It’s a waste ______ time. 9. My father paid 10,000 yuan ______ the TV set. My father spent 10,000 yuan _______ the TV set. My father bought the TV set _______ 10,000 yuan. 10. Wushu is becoming more and more popular ______ foreigners. 11. Paper is made ______ wood and book is made ______ paper. Our class is made ______ ______ 39 students. The kite was make _______ me _______ my grandpa. 12. My uncle lives ______ 109 Beijing Street ______ Haidian District, Beijing, China. 13. His brother have been _______ the army _______ 10 years. I have taught in Beijing _______ 2003. The film have been _______ _______ half an hour ago. Liu Jun has been away _______ China ______ graduated. 14. Taiwan lies ______ the east of China and ______ the south west of Japan. Korea lies _______ the east of China. I live near the sea. I often swim _______ the beach in summer. 15. There are many peaches ______ the tree. The birds are singing ______ the tree. 16. You can go to New York ______sea or ______ air. 17. The plane flew ______ the clouds. There is a bridge ______ the river. Look! There is a rainbow _______ the top of the hill. 18. It’s very polite ______ you to say good bye to your parents when you leave ______ school. It’s very important ______ you to finish your homework ______ time. 19. Mr. Wang became a famous teacher in Beijing ______ his forties. Mr. Wang became an English teacher _______ the age of 18. 20. Beijing is famous ______ the people all over the world ______ her resorts. Lu Xun is famous ______ a writer. 21. I will arrive ______ New York the day ______ tomorrow. 22. ______ my way home, I met an old friend ______ my father’s. 23. ______ their surprise, Hua Mulan was a girl. 24. That happened ______ the 1980s. 25. Nobody knows what happened ______ her ______ the morning of March 3rd. 26. Linda prefer Chinese tea ______ nothing in it ______ black coffee. 27. I saw the great changes ______ my own eyes. In 2008 I got a house ______ my own. I always do my homework ______ my own. 28. There is a hut _______ the end of the road. He fulfills hill dream _______ the end. We had learnt 4000 words _______ the end of last term. At 4 o’clock the meeting came _______ an end. The meeting ended _______ a quarrel. 29. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid the hour . (04上海) 30. Brazilians are very proud ______ their football teams and football players. 1. in; on; / 2. in; at; since; for; 3. from; of 4. in, with 5. in; of; 6. in, by 7. on, of 8. for; on; for 9. with/among 10. from, of; up of; for, by 11. at, in 12. in, for; since; on, since; since 13. in, to; on; off 14. on; in 15. by, by 16. above; over; above 17. of, for; of, on; up, for, in 18. in; at; for; in 19. in, at 20. with, for as 21. in, after 22. On, of 23. To 24. in 25. to, on 26. with, to 27. with; of; on 28. at; in; by; to; with 29. by 30. of 3 4