高中语法语法非谓语动词非谓语动词教学案

语法复习专题 非谓语动词 概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词 （二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词. 一、考点聚焦 1、非谓语动词的句法功能 名称 形式 语 法 功 能 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语 定语 状语 不定式 to do/to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ to be doing √(经常) √ to have(been) done √ √ 动名词 doing √ √ √ √ 现在分词 doing √ √ √ √ having(been) done √(动作完成) 过去分词 done √ √ √ √可代替 having been done 2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 （1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。 His job is to guard.(说明内容) The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,＿＿＿＿＿it more difficult. 　　A. not make　　　 B. not to make 　 C. not making 　　　D. do not make Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必将发生的，或表示命令等口吻) 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc : 这项计划得提前三天完成. （2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+ to do 形式。 下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。 We agreed　　here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. 　 A. having met　　　B. meeting　 C. to meet　　　D .to have met I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . (2004高考辽宁卷) A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard 下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide what to do ..,wonder how to deal with sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。 示例: 1). I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job. 　　A．expect ed B．to expect　 C．to be expecting D．expects 2). It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows________. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 3). The mother didn' t know ___to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what （3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 1 动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。 Paul doesn't have to be made　　.He always works hard. A. learn　　　B. to learn　　　C. learned　　　D. learning ②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况： 主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him　　. 　 A. not to　　　B. not to do　 C. not do it　　D. do not to The patient was warned　　oily food after the operation. 　　 A. to eat not　　　　 B. eating not 　　C. not to eat　　　　 D. not eating My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take ③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider + sb. + to be/to be doing/ to have done 注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要 注意不定式被动语态的使用。 Charles Babbage is generally considered ____  the first computer. 　　A. to have invented　　B. inventing　　C. to invent　　D. having invented Robert is said ________abroad. but I don't know what country he studied in. 　　A. to have studied 　　B. to study 　　C．to be studying 　 D．to have been studying ④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth. （4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。 ①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。 I have ______________________(一个出国留学的机会)。 He is _________________(第一个上学的)and __________________(最后一个离校的) ②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 There is no one to look after her. ③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 。 She is now looking for a room to live in. （5）不定式作状语的用法。 不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。 To sleep well, I turned off the alarm clock. We hurried to the classroom only to find none there. in order(not)to,s o as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough to, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I’m not such a fool as to believe that. You were silly not ____ your car. (2004高考湖南卷) A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷) A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard （6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。 ①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。 Charles Babbage is generally considered ____  the first computer. 　　A. to have invented　　B. inventing　　C. to invent　　D. having invented Robert is said ________abroad. but I don't know what country he studied in. 　　A. to have studied 　　B. to study 　　C．to be studying 　 D．to have been studying 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。 I’m sorry ___________________ for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） I’m sorry _______________________for so long.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久） ②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。 （A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。 （B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。 （C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用： was/were going to do 或was/were about to I would love to_______ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 　　A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone - -Alice, why didn't you come yesterday? 　　- -I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. 　　A. had B. would C. was going to D. did （7）不定式的省略。 ①同一结构并列由and或or连接。 I want to finish my homework and (to )go home. I’m really puzzled what to think or (to)say. 特例：To be or not to be,this is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比) ②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。 What he did was(to) lose the game. ③句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。 Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him. 比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to do have no choice but to do /can’t (help) but do ④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。 Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers　a bicycle. 　　A. ride; ride B. riding; ride　　 C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding ⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to。如： He could not but walk home. （8）不定式的替代。 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him　　. 　 A. not to　　　B. not to do　 C. not do it　　D. do not to Susan is not what she used to be. —You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework. —I know I ought to have. 常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to. 3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 （1）动名词作宾语。 ①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。 ②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。 ③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。 ④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别： begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand 例 句 解 析 1. It began to rain. It began raining. 2. It was beginning to snow. 3. I love lying (to lie)on my back. 4. I like listening to music, but today I don’t like to. 5. I don’ t prefer to swim in the river now. 1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。 2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。 remember, forget, regret, try 例 句 解 析 1. I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere. 2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is. 3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sister’s death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready. 5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday. 1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事 2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事 3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔 4. try to do sth.设法……，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试 5. mean to do sth.打算做……，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need, demand, request 例 句 解 析 These desks need repairing. These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examined The patient required to be examined. 1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做 2. want doing want to be done 3. require doing require to be done —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 　 —Well, now I regret　　that. 　 A. to do　　　　B. to be doing　 C. to have done　　 D. having done —I must apologize for ______ ahead of time. 　 —That's all right. 　　A. letting you not know　　　　　　　B. not letting you know 　　C. letting you know not　　　　　　　D. letting not you know Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海)      A. his being not able     B. him not to be able C. his not being able     D. him to be not able One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考) A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 4、分词复习应注意的几个问题 （1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。 ①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等） Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy. 做时间状语的分词，可以改成时间连词连接的主从句，如上面两句可以改成： _________________________________________________________ ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered _____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2004高考江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked ②原因状语 Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her. 做原因状语的分词，可以改成原因连词连接的主从句，如上句可以改成： _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ ③伴随状语 The girls came in, following their parents. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.      A. seizing ..., disappeared    B. seized ..., disappeared     C. seizing…, disappearing    D. seized ..., disappearing "Can't you read it?" Mary said ____ to the notice. 　　A. angrily pointing　　　 　　　　 B. and point angrily 　　C. angrily pointed　　　 　　　 　 D. and angrily pointing The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. 　　A. having added　　　　B. to add 　　C. adding　　　　D. added ④结果状语 The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. 分次做伴随状语和结果状语可以根据意思改成由and或or 连接的并列句或改成非限制性定语从句. 如③可改成__________________________________________ or __________________________________________ 如④可改成___________________________________________ or ___________________________________________ European football is played in 80 countries, _____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having(been) done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf “主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 ⑤定语 When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door＿＿＿＿＿ "Sorry to miss you；　　will call later." 　　A. read 　　　　　B. reads　　　　　 C. to read 　　　　D. reading The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung （2）分词作表语。 S. + be /get/系动词+ 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be+ 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。 S. +be/系动词+to do /to be done As we joined the big crowd I got ______ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.(2004上海) A. seat  B. seating  C. seated   D. to be seating Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题 过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。 （1）过去分词作原因状语 Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep. = ___________________________, he soon fell asleep. 　　in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 　　A. Losing　　　　B. Having lost　　 C. Lost　　　　D. To lose by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . (2004高考辽宁卷) A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted （2）作时间状语 Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. =When (the city is) seen from the hill, it looks like a garden. （3）作条件状语 Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. =________________________, I would have worked out the problem. Given more time, I will do better than Tom =________________________, I will do better than Tom The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . (2004高考湖北卷) A．Compare B．When comparing C．Comparing D．When compared （4）伴随状语 The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and was followed by some students. After his journey front abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____      A. exhausting               B. exhausted     C. being exhausted           D. having exhausted 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如： Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. =___________________________, she had to stay at home looking after him. Time permitting, we will bring in more money. =_______________________, we will bring in more money. Homework (having been) finished, Tom is playing with his friends. =___________________________________________________ （5）定语 The Olympic Games, _______in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 　　A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. (2004高考浙江试题) A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known （6）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别： 感官动词 动词原形→做了某事 S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词→做了或被做 比较:  see sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep.短语 watch sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep.短语 find sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep. get sb.(sth.)to do/done/doing hear sb.(sth.)to do/done/doing feel sb.(sth.)to do/done/doing make sb do /make sth done force sb. to do/cause sb. to do等 Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents . (2004高考重庆试题) A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. 　　A. playing　　　 　B. to be playing　　 C. play　　　　　D. to play Paul doesn't have to be made　　.He always works hard. 　 A. learn　　　B. to learn　　　C. learned　　　D. learning The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year. 　　A．carry out B．carrying out　　C．carried out D．to carry out A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷) A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard （7）with+n. +to do/doing/done的区别 （详见“介词专题”） *4*