简单句并列句复合句

简单句、并列句、复合句知识点睛】、句子分类按分句子按分二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法疑问句：用于提问祈使句：用于 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示请求、命令、劝告、建议等感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情(一)陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。陈述句的否定式：1.be的否定式(be作系动词和助动词)2.助动词、情态动词的否定式3.除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句1)用no表示，no=notany/a几乎不2)never从不，决不，永不seldom很少hardly3)little,few几乎没有4)noone/nobody没有人5）nothing什么也没有6）neitherof…没有什么（两者都不）;noneof…没有任何，什么都没有（三者或三者以上都不）7）too…to…太以至于不能（二）疑问句1.一般疑问句（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。—Areyouastudent你是一个学生吗—Yes,Iam.是的，我是。/—No,I'mnot.不，我不是。（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。（注意yes/no的翻译）—Don'tyouwatchTVatnight你晚上不看电视吗—Yes,Ido.不，我看电视。/—No,Idon't.是的，我不看电视。（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉。—Canyougotothemovieswithme你能和我一起去看电影吗—I'mafraidnot.Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做。2.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导，不用回答。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。（1）疑问代词：what,who,which,whose,whom（2）疑问副词：when,where,why,how（对状语进行提问）（3）疑问词组：howsoon,howlong,howfar,howoften等（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。Whydon'tyoucomehere=Whynotcomehere3.选择疑问句提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。1）一般选择疑问句句式—Doyouliketeaorcoffee—Iliketea.（2）特殊选择疑问句句式—Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee—Iprefertea.4.反意疑问句（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句”（2）原则：，（3）三步走：第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句第2步提取“助动词（或be动词）+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）（4）回答：实事求是【翻译】——Lucy从不早起，是吗——是的，她从不早起。/不，她有时候早起。三）祈使句特征：以开头，省略第二人称主语；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词tH.[v肯定式否定式特殊式Standup!Don'tstandup!Nosmoking/parking!Bequiet!Don'tbenoisy!Nophotos!Lethimin!Don'tlethimin!（四）感叹句感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。Great!Agoodjob!Whatagoodday(itis)!Whatterribleweather(itis)!Whatsmartstudents(theyare)!Howterrible(theweatheris)!Howsmart(thestudentsare)!Howfastheruns!【填空】talltheboyis!lovelychildren!usefulbookitis!excitingnews!三、简单句、并列句、复合句简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。Iamastudent.LilyandLucyaretwins.Hewentuptothedoor,openeditandentered.Shewillgothereeitherthisweekornextweek.并列句：由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。Hedidtheworkandhediditwell.Ilikemusic,butIdon'tlikethissong.Eitheryouleave,orTomleaves.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。DoyouknowwheremybikeisJohnfellasleepwhilehewaslisteningtothemusic.ThatisthewomanImetyesterday.（一）常见句子成分主语：句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任谓语：说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当宾语：及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任表语：在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当定语：修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况（二）简单句五大基本句型主系表/主谓（vi.）/主谓（vt.）宾/主谓（vt.）宾宾/主谓（vt.）宾宾补（三）连词连接词与词或短语与短语连词连接简单句与简单句表表表表连接主句与从句四、三大从句（一）宾语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。WeknowJackisalazystudent.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherit'sacatHeisunhappythathedidn'tpasstheexam.分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句三要素:连接词（可省略）宾语从句:宾语从句:陈述句般疑问句宾语从句:特殊疑冋句语序语序时态MissLisaidthattheearth(be)round.难点1】只用连接词whether的情况I'mthinkingaboutIshouldseethefilm.Ihaven'tdecidedtogotothecinema.I'mnotsureornotit'sworthseeingthefilm.结论：【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子WhobrokethewindowWhathappenedlastnightWhat'sthematter/thetroubleWhat'sup/wrongWhenwillwemeet【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换Idon'tknowwhatIcan/shoulddonext.=Idon'tknowwhattodonext.Hecouldn'tdecidewhichonehecould/shouldbuy.=Hecouldn'tdecidewhichonetobuy.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo=Couldyoutellme结论：1.当主句的与从句的一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know,decide,learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。2.当主句谓语是ask,tell,show,teach等动词时，且主句的和从句的一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。（二）状语从句含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。Thebushadleftwhenwearrivedatthestation.分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句目的状语从句，比较状语从句各类状语从句连词：状语从句连词（从属连词）时间状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句【难点1】when,while,as的区别when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可发生或发生while:只表一段时间；前后动作发生，while后加动词（或表状态）as:前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”GivethisbiketoMaryshecomesnextweek.ReturnthebooktoLilyyouhavefinishedreadingit.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkmymothercamein.YoumustbequietKateisdoingherhomework.TomwaswatchingTV,hisparentsweretakingawalk.Shedidsportsshelistenedtomusic.【难点2】because,for,since,as的区别1)because“”(从属连词)指直接原因，语气最强。Ididthatbecauseshetoldmeto.since“”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,youcanasksomeoneelseforhelp.3)as“”(从属连词)表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。Asitisraining,you'dbettertakeataxi.4)for“”(连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是或或的句子时，从句要用代替将来。Don'tpointatotherswithyourchopstickswhenyou(eat).Theboyisverycarefulwhenhe(cross)theroad.Youcanrealizeyourdreamaslongasyou(not)giveup.Whateveryou(do),whereveryou(go),Iwillbeherewaitingforyou.注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。三）定语从句WhoisthegirliscryingsadlyWhoisthegirliscryingsadly5）who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.结构：先行词（指人/指物）关系词关系词在定语从句中的成分【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况当先行词是时，如：all,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,theone等,关系词用thatIsthisschooltheonethatyougraduatedfromDoyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself当先行词被theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时，关系词用thatThisistheverybusIamwaitingfor.当先行词既有又有时IneverforgettheschoolandthepeoplethatIvisitedinShanghai.当先行词被或修饰时ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.which/that难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词1)Iwillneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.2)IwillneverforgetthedaysIwasinprimaryschool.ThisistheschoolIoftenpayavisitto.Thisistheschoolthatteacheronceworked.精讲精练】一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分Heoftendrewpicturesonthefloorwithchalkandwhenhismothersawwhathehaddone,shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop.Hesearchedoutthefarmerwhomthekinghadspokentoandaskedhimtheanswertotheriddle.Somescientistswonderwhatwouldhappeniftheheatfromthecomputercouldbeused.二、填空题A:根据汉语提示及句意完成句子Mysisteristooyoungtogotoschool,Nancy,sweeptheclassroom,Idon'tthinkshewillagreewithme,Youhadbetterstayathome,—Mr.Li'sneverbeentoCanada,hashe—,.Hewentthereonbusinesslastweek.B:根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空Workhard,you'llpassthetesteasily.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.itrainsheavily,nooneislatefortheclass.Youwon'tcatchthebusyouleaveimmediately.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthatofAmerica.HewondershisEnglishteachercancometoday.不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。allthepupilstheirEnglishteacherthestorybook.、单项选择)1.isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycenter—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar)2.David,,oryouwillgetheavier.doesn'tplaysportsanymoredoesn'teatsomuchmeatC.don'tplaysportsanymoreD.don'teatsomuchmeat)3.—Wow!A.WhatB.HowaC.WhataD.How)4.Thewarwasoveraboutthreemonthsago,theAmericansoldiersinIraqare—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.stillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith.A.orB.andC.butD.so()5.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMum.Imissherverymuch.—Shewillreturnwhenshehertask.Andshewillbringanicepresentforyou.returns;finishesB.returns;willfinishwillreturn;finishesD.willreturn;willfinish()6.Theenvironmentwillbeworseandworsewetakestepstoprotectitrightaway.unlessB.althoughC.whileD.but()7.shewastired,shedidn'tstoptohavearest.Because;A./;soB.Although;/C.Although;butD.so()8.IstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachersIvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()9.FranklintoldthemalltobeinBritainagain.A.howhappywashehowhappyhewashowwashehappyhowhewashappy()10.—Tellme.—Well,itislike…whatiswrongwithitwhatisitwhatisitlikewhatthematteriswithit条件状语从句if,unless,aslongas,solongas参考答案】【知识点睛】一、句子分类按功能分：陈述句；疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句）；祈使句；感叹句按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句）二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（二）疑问句2.特殊疑问句yes/no3.选择疑问句yes/no4.反意疑问句（2）前肯后否；前否后肯【翻译】—Lucynevergetsupearly,doesshe—No,shedoesn't./Yes,shedoes.（三）祈使句动词原形；you；please（四）感叹句What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（subject+v.）!How+adj./adv.+（subject+v.）!【填空】How；What；Whata；What三、简单句、并列句、复合句(三)连词并列连词：简单句；并列句［顺承、并列关系(and,both…and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or,either…or…,neither…nor…),因果关系(so,for)从属连词：复合句(引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词)四、三大从句宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how语序：陈述时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况whether；whether；whether结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有ornot，用whether。【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置需变成陈述语序whenwewillmeet。【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换howtogettothezoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语状语从句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,until,not…until,assoonas,since让步状语从句although,though,evenif,eventhough,whatever,whenever,wherever原因状语从句because,since,as…结果状语从句so…that…,such…that…目的状语从句sothat…,inorderthat比较状语从句as…as…,notso/as…as…,than难点1】when，while，as的区别同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as难点2】because,for,since,as的区别1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列难点3】“主将从现”现象般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；don't；do；go三）定语从句人；who;主语、宾语、表语人；whom宾语物；which；主语、宾语、表语人/物；that;主语、宾语、表语人/物；whose;定语原因(n.)；why;状语地点(n.)；where;状语时间(n.)；when;状语难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况1）不定代词2）that3）人；物4）最高级；序数词5）that难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that1）which/that2）when3）which/that4）where1）which/that2）when3）which/that4）where【精讲精练】一、1.并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成）简单句：主语：he谓语：drew宾语：pictures状语：often，onthefloor，withchalk复合句：主句：shewouldquicklycleanthemwithamop（主语：she（复合）谓语：wouldclean宾语：them状语：quickly，withamop）时间状语从句：whenhismothersawwhathehaddone（主语：hismother谓语：saw宾语：whathehaddone）简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰）主句：Hesearchedoutthefarmerandaskedhimtheanswertotheriddle.（主语：he谓语：searchout，asked宾语：thefarmer，him（直接宾语），theanswertotheriddle（间接宾语））定语从句：whomthekinghadspokento（主语：theking谓语：hadspokento宾语：whom）复合句主句：Somestudentswonder…（主语：somestudents谓语：wonder）宾语从句：whatwouldhappeniftheheatfromthecomputercouldbeused.（复合句）主句：whatwouldhappen（主语：what（复合）谓语：wouldhappen）条件状语从句：iftheheatfromthecomputercouldbeused主语：theheat（复合）谓语：couldbeused定语：fromthecomputer）主语：theheat（复合）谓语：couldbeused定语：fromthecomputer）、4.isshe5.won'tyou/willyou6.willshe7.hadn'tyou8.Yes；hehas9.and10.that13.than14.whether/if、16—20：DDACC11.Though/Although12.unless15.Notonly；butalso；hasread21—25：ABCBA