财经词汇

Tombstone Tombstone Tombstone A situation in which one participant's gains result only from another participant's equivalent losses. The net change is always 0. 摊薄后每股盈利 Diluted Earnings Per Share The earnings per share (EPS) if all convertible securities were exercised. 摊薄、减损 Dilution A reduction in earnings per share of common stock. Dilution occurs through the issuance of additional shares of common stock or the conversion of convertible securities. 摊销 Amortization The paying off of debt in regular installments over a period of time. The deduction of capital expenses over a specific period of time. Similar to depreciation, it is a method of measuring the "consumption" of the value of long-term assets like equipment or buildings. 弹性 Elasticity A measure of sensitivity of one variable to another. More specifically, the degree to which consumers respond to price changes. % Change in Quantity ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ % Change in Price 套汇 Arbitrage The simultaneous purchase and selling of a security in order to profit from a differential in the price. This usually takes place on different exchanges or marketplaces.? 套汇定价理论 Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) An alternative to the CAPM, APT differs in its assumptions and explanation of risk factors associated with the risk of an asset. 套汇交易理论 Arbitrage Trading Program (ATP) A program used to simultaneously place orders for stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market Arbitrage). 套汇交易理论 ATP A program used to simultaneously place orders for stock index futures and the underlying stocks. The ATP attempts to exploit price variations (Market Arbitrage). 套汇债券 Arbitrage Bond A lower-rate debt security issued by a municipality prior to the call date of the municipality's existing higher-rate security. 套现、货币化 Monetize 1.​ To convert into money. 2.​ To convert from securities into currency that can be used to purchase goods and services. 特殊风险 Specific Risk Risk that affects a very small number of assets. This is sometimes referred to as "unsystematic risk." 特殊功能公司 SPV 1.​ Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote entity" whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes bankrupt. 2.​ A subsidiary corporation designed to serve as a counterparty for swaps and other credit sensitive derivative instruments. Also called a "derivatives product company." 特殊功能公司 Special Purpose Vehicle 1.​ Also referred to as a "bankruptcy-remote entity" whose operations are limited to the acquisition and financing of specific assets. The SPV is usually a subsidiary company with an asset/liability structure and legal status that makes its obligations secure even if the parent company goes bankrupt. 2.​ A subsidiary corporation designed to serve as a counterparty for swaps and other credit sensitive derivative instruments. Also called a "derivatives product company." 特殊项目 Exceptional Item Charges incurred that must be noted upon a company's balance sheet according to GAAP principles. Even though these are considered to be a part of ordinary business charges, due to their sheer size or frequency, they must be accordingly disclosed. 特许 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 Concession Agreement A right granted by a government to a corporation. It specifies rules under which the company can operate locally. 提高平均价格 Average Up The process of buying additional shares in a company at higher prices than you originally purchased. This brings the average price you've paid for all your shares up. 天使投资者 Angel Investor A financial backer providing venture capital funds for small startups or entrepreneurs. 天灾债券 Act of God Bond A bond issued by an insurance company, linking principal and interest to the company's losses due to natural disasters. 条例A Regulation A An SEC regulation that governs offerings of $5,000,000 or less, which qualify for simplified registration (an exemption). 条例D Regulation D An SEC regulation that governs private placement exemption when there is no investment banker involved. 条例FD Regulation FD (Reg FD) A rule passed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in an effort to prevent selective disclosure by public companies to market professionals and certain shareholders. The Reg FD rule reads as follows: "Whenever an issuer, or any person acting on its behalf, discloses any material nonpublic information regarding that issuer or its securities to [certain enumerated persons], the issuer shall make public disclosure of that information... simultaneously, in the case of an intentional disclosure; and... promptly, in the case of a non-intentional disclosure." 条例G Regulation G The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs the extension of credit for securities transactions by commercial lenders and non-financial corporations. 条例M Regulation M An IRS regulation that allows regulated investment companies to pass taxes from capital gains, dividends, and interest distributions onto individual investors. 条例Q Regulation Q A Federal Reserve Board regulation that limits the interest rate banks can pay on savings deposits. 条例T Regulation T The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs customer cash accounts and the amount of credit that brokerage firms and dealers may extend to customers for the purchase of securities. 条款书 Term Sheet A non-binding agreement setting forth the basic terms and conditions under which an investment will be made. 条例U Regulation U The Federal Reserve Board regulation that governs loans by banks for the purchase of securities. 贴现窗 Discount Window The location at the Federal Reserve where financial institutions go to borrow money at the discount rate. 贴现率、折让率 Discount Rate 1.​ The interest rate that an eligible depository institution is charged to borrow short term funds directly from a Federal Reserve Bank. 2.​ The interest rate used in determining the present value of future cash flows. 贴现票据、折扣票据 Discount Note An unsecured corporate debt that is issued at a discount and matures at par. It is similar to a zero coupon bond or T-bill. Discount notes give institutional and retail investors convenient choices with respect to the investment size and maturity date for a short-term investment. 贴现现金流 Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) A method used to estimate the attractiveness of an investment opportunity. 贴现债券、折扣债券 Discount Bond A bond that is valued at less than its face amount. 通货萎缩 Deflation The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is falling. The opposite of inflation. 通货复涨、通货在膨胀 Reflation An economic policy whereby a government uses fiscal or monetary stimulus in order to expand a country's output. 通用会计 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 GAAP The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and the accepted ways of doing accounting. 通用会计制度 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) The common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures. GAAP is a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and the accepted ways of doing accounting. 同级诉讼 Class Action An action where an individual represents a group in a court claim. The judgment from the suit is for all the members of the group (class). 投标、交换媒介 Tender 1.​ To accept a formal offer, such as a takeover bid or tender offer. 2.​ Means of settlement in a financial transaction. 3.​ A bid to buy treasury bills. 4.​ Notice from a futures contract seller to offer money or goods for settlement of a futures contract. 投机 Speculation The process of selecting investments with higher risk in order to profit from an anticipated price movement. 投票权 Voting Right The right of a stockholder to vote on matters of corporate policy making as well as on who will compose the board of directors. 投票股票 Voting Shares Shares that give the stockholder the right to vote on matters of corporate policy making as well as who will compose the members of the board of directors. 投票信托 Voting Trust A trust legally created in order to combine the voting power of shareholders through the transference of legal title and voting rights to a designated trustee for a set duration. 投票信托协议 Voting Trust Agreement A contractual agreement detailing the specifics of the voting trust, including the name of its trustee, the effective timeframe, and the nature of its formation. 投资 Investing The act of committing money or capital to an endeavor (a business, project, real estate, etc.) with the expectation of obtaining an additional income or profit. 投资 Investment An asset or item with value that is purchased for income or capital appreciation. 投资持有量 Position The amount of a security either owned (long position) or borrowed (short position) by an individual or by a dealer. 投资的现金流回报 Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) A valuation model that assumes the stock market sets prices based on cash flow, not on corporate performance and earnings. Cash Flow ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Market Value of Capital Employed 投资等级 Investment Grade 1.​ In the case of a stock, a firm that has a strong balance sheet, considerable capitalization, and is recognized as a leader in its industry. 2.​ In the case of fixed income, a bond with a rating of BBB or higher. 投资顾问 Investment Advisor An advisor, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, who manages the investments of others. 投资环境 Investment Climate The general economic conditions affecting the financial markets. 投资回报率 ROI The profit or loss resulting from an investment transaction, usually expressed as an annual percentage return. 投资回报率 Return On Investment (ROI) The profit or loss resulting from an investment transaction, usually expressed as an annual percentage return. 投资回收期 Payback Period The length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. Calculated as: Cost of Project ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Annual Cash Inflows All other things being equal, the better investment is the one with the shorter payback period. 投资媒体 Investment Vehicle In general, any method by which to invest. 投资情绪指标 Sentiment Indicator A general term used to describe indicators that gauge investor attitudes towards the market. 投资缩减 Disinvestment 1.​ Refers to the sale or liquidation of an asset or subsidiary of an organization or government. Also known as divestiture. 2.​ A reduction in capital expenditure, or when a company decides to not replace depleted capital goods. 投资性房地产 Investment Real Estate Real estate that generates income. 投资银行 IB (Investment Bank) A financial intermediary that performs a variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients. 投资银行 Investment Bank A financial intermediary that performs a variety of services. This includes underwriting, acting as an intermediary between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a broker for institutional clients. 投资银行家 Investment Banker A person representing a financial institution that is in the business of raising capital for corporations and municipalities. 投资者关系部 Investor Relations A department, present in most medium to large public companies, that provides investors with an accurate account of the affairs of the company. This helps investors to make informed buy or sell decisions. 投资者关系部 IR A department, present in most medium to large public companies, that provides investors with an accurate account of the affairs of the company. This helps investors to make informed buy or sell decisions. 投资资金回报率 ROIC A calculation used to determine the quality of a company. The general definition for ROIC is as follows: Net Income - Dividends ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Capital 投资资金回报率 Return On Investment Capital (ROIC) A calculation used to determine the quality of a company. The general definition for ROIC is as follows: Net Income - Dividends ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ Total Capital 投资组合保险 Portfolio Insurance A method of hedging a portfolio of stocks against the market risk by short selling stock index futures. 投资组合管理 Portfolio Management The art and science of making decisions about: investment mix and policy, matching investments to objectives, asset allocation for individuals and institutions, and balancing risk vs. performance. 投资组合经理 Portfolio Manager The person responsible for the investment of a mutual fund's assets, implementing its investment strategy, and managing the day-to-day portfolio trading. 投资组合收入 Portfolio Income Income from investments, including dividends, interest, royalties, and capital gains. 透支 Overdraft An instant extension of credit from a lending institution. 退出投资策略 Exit Strategy The method that a venture capitalist or business owner intends to use to get out of an investment that he/she has made. 拖欠债务 Delinquent A term describing the failure to meet required obligations according to schedule. 外包 Outsourcing A practice used by different companies to reduce costs by transferring portions of work to outside suppliers rather than completing it internally. 外币效应 Foreign Currency Effects The extent to which the changes in a foreign currency affects the return on a foreign investment. 外部董事 Outside Director Any member of a company's board of directors who is not an employee or stakeholder in the company. 外国直接投资 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) An investment abroad, usually where the company being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation. 外汇 Forex The common term for the foreign exchange market. Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an electronic network that allows them to convert the currencies of most countries. 外汇 FX The common term for the foreign exchange market. Brokerage firms and banks are connected over an electronic network that allows them to convert the currencies of most countries. 外汇率 Exchange Rate The price of one country's currency expressed in another country's currency. In other words, the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. 外在价值 Extrinsic Value The difference between the option value and the intrinsic value. 完全竞争 Perfect Competition A market structure in which: 1.​ All firms sell an identical product. 2.​ All firms are price takers. 3.​ All firms have a relatively small market share. 4.​ Buyers know the nature of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. 5.​ The industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit. 网上银行 Online Banking The performance of banking activities via the Internet. 往后定价 Back Pricing A method used in specific futures contracts whereby the price of the commodity to be delivered is priced by the purchaser at some future date after entering into the position. 微观经济 Microeconomics The study of the allocation of resources and the distribution of income, and how they are affected by the workings of government policies and the price system. 微型市值股票 Micro Cap Stock Micro cap refers to a company with a market capitalization of between $50 million to $300 million. 围栏策略 Ring Fence A strategy where an investor isolates a certain amount of money from any outside risk. It is mainly used by offshore investors. 委托人 Trustor An individual or organization that gifts funds or assets to others by transferring fiduciary duty to a third party trustee that will maintain the assets for the benefit of the beneficiaries 委托帐户、全权管理帐户 Discretionary Account An account that allows a broker to buy and sell securities without the client's consent. 违约风险 Default Risk The risk that a company or individual will be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations. 违约，未能履行合约 Default 1.​ The failure to promptly pay interest or principal when due. 2.​ The failure to perform on a futures contract as required by an exchange. 未到价 Out of the Money 1.​ For a call, when an option's strike price is higher than the market price of the underlying stock. 2.​ For a put, when the strike price is below the market price of the underlying stock. 未来价值 Future Value The value of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today. There are two ways to calculate FV: 1.​ For an asset with simple annual interest: = Original Investment x (1+(interest rate*number of years)) 2.​ For an asset with interest compounded annually: = Original Investment x ((1+interest rate)^number of years) 未实现收入 Unearned Revenue When an individual or company receives money for a service or product that has yet to be fulfilled. 未实现收益 Unrealized Gain A profit that results from holding on to an asset rather than cashing it in and using the funds 未实现损失 Unrealized Loss A loss that results from holding on to an asset rather than cashing it in and officially taking the loss. 无抵押贷款 Unsecured Loan A bank loan that is issued and supported only by the borrowers creditworthiness, rather than by some sort of collateral. 无抵押债权人 Unsecured Creditor A person or institution that lends money to a company or individual without holding collateral on the property for security. This puts the creditor in a higher risk situation 无对冲黄金股票指数 BUGS Index Short for "basket of un-hedged gold stocks," the BUGS index is the AMEX's index measuring gold companies that do not hedge their gold production beyond a year and a half. 无风险资产 Risk-Free Asset An asset which has a certain future return. Treasuries (especially T-bills) are considered to be risk-free because they are backed by the U.S. government. 无风险回报率 Risk Free Rate of Return The quoted rate on an asset that has virtually no risk. 无记名票据 Floater A bond, or some other type of debt, whose coupon rate changes with market conditions (short term interest rates). 无形之手 Invisible Hand Coined by Adam Smith in his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In his book he states: Essentially Smith says that individuals try to maximize their own good (and become wealthier), and by doing so, through trade and entrepreneurship, society as a whole will be better off. Furthermore, any government intervention in the economy isn't needed as the invisible hand would best guide the economy. 无形资产 Intangible Asset An asset that is not physical in nature. E.g. goodwill 无追索权融资 Non-Recourse Finance A loan where the lending bank is only entitled to repayment from the profits of the project the loan is funding, not from other assets of the borrower. 无追索权债务 Non-Recourse Debt A loan that is secured by some sort of collateral, usually property. The issuer can seize the collateral if the borrower defaults. 五大工业国 G-5 Five of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues. 五大工业国 Group of Five (G-5) Five of the world's leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues. 武士债券 Samurai Bond A yen denominated bond that is issued in Tokyo by a non-Japanese company. 兀鹫基金 Vulture Fund A fund that buys securities in distressed investments, such as high-yield bonds in (or near) default or equities that are in (or near) bankruptcy. 兀鹫投资者 Vulture Capitalist 1.​ A slang word for a venture capitalist who deprives an inventor of control over their own innovations and most of the money they should have made from the invention. 2.​ A venture capitalist who invests in floundering firms in the hopes that they will turn around. 拍卖市场 Auction Market A market in which buyers enter competitive bids and sellers enter competitive offers at the same time. 派发、分配 Distribution A company's payment of cash, stock, or physical products to their shareholders. 派发实物 Distribution in Kind A distrib