四级写作指导：2011如何应对词汇量不足

2011四级写作指导：如何应对 词汇 英语3500词汇语境记忆pets3考试词汇二年级反义词和近义词初中词汇词汇大全考研英语二高频词汇表 量不足及写作技巧 2011四级写作指导：如何应对词汇量不足及写作技巧 在四六级作文中，词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清，一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使作文顺利进行下去？下面是三种简便易行的应急 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 可能对你会有所帮助。 1.试用笼统词 　　英语语言中笼统词有have, take 等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛，搭配性强，构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代，也能收到异曲同工的效果。 　　例如：我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。 　　I experienced a terrible hard time. 　　这一句中，experience被遗忘时，用have代替，成为：I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如： 　　Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir? 　　I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting. 　　I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper. 　　They occupied the city. = They took the city. 　　The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father. 　　从以上的例句不难看出，具体词音节较多，使用频率不高，容易遗忘，而笼统词则不然。因此，在作文应试中，笼统词取代具体词，不失为一种应急良策。 2.联想有关词汇 　　当遗忘产生时，或遇到未曾学过的词时，应采取放射性思维，发挥想象力，想出一切与之有关的单词，利用语言的内在联系，多层次，多角度地运用语言。一般情况下，联想可按下列思路进行：1联想同义词；2联想反义词。 　　英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律，由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子： 　　I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night. 　　Nightmare 使用频率不太高，因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如：I don‘t understand this word. 也可以说成 I don’t know this word. 　　另外： 　　He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly. 　　The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat. 　　They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five. 　　His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper. 　　英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的，词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。 　　同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，请看下面的例子： 　　He is stubborn. = He is not tame. 　　The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp. 　　This is expensive. = This is not cheap. 　　She is talkative. = She is never quiet. 3. 试用解释性语句 　　语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到??以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句，就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子： 　　He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak. 　　He refused. = He said “no”. 　　I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advicehttp://www.102guke.com/ . 　　解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词，难词，又能使意思表达流畅，不失为一聪明之举。比较下面两篇文章： 　　(1) 　　Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict. 　　Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one‘s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may http://www.ztsz008.com/ http://www.seowinter.com/ http://www.szseo123.com/ concern their future. 　　But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly? (2) 　　Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all dislike it (hate it), but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision. 　　Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one‘s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future. 　　But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply? 　　比较两篇文章，第一篇短小精干，用词准确，不失为一篇优秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇，意思同样清楚，也不失得体，流畅。 　　四六级作文的评分 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义，段落，层次有系统性，语法正确，而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。所以，就考试而言，碰到难词或遗忘词时，过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的，而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术，运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式，从而能够运用有限的词汇作出美妙的文章，轻松自如地驾驭语言，把握时机，以聪明克服缺陷，以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙，以少胜多，最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。 名师指导四级写作提高：如何改写范文 新四级（CET-4）考试作文部分 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 序位置位置发生改变，从以前考试的最后一部分提到了第一部分。它影响着考生的临场心理，其重要性自然不言而喻。考生如何利用考场下的300分钟、3000分钟甚至30000分钟，合理充分地准备四级写作，从而能够轻松自如地应对考场上的30分钟呢？ 在复习准备四级写作时，我们应该按照“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”（如图一）“四步走”的宏观复习方式来准备。我们应该将以往的范文作为框架，从谋篇布局着手，加以润色字词句的修饰，将其变成自己的四级高分作文。 学习范文或掌握优秀作文是打破提高自己传统写作语言的第一步。下面我们通过2005年12月四级范文，分析学习如何提纯范文中的“谋篇、段落、句子、措辞”并加以利用，使其变成自己的语言。 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist？ 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2. 校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 3. 我认为… Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middlehttp://www.penmaji8.com/ http://www.neiyi86.com/http://qqxqb.com students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere. In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field. 英语四级写作常见错误：主谓不一致 主谓一致是英语写作中最常预见的问题之一，也是困扰广大四六级考生的一大心病。然而，最令人恐惧的不是不知如何才能让主谓一致，而是我们的四六级考生在挥毫之时根本没有意识到主谓是需要一致的。换言之，多数考生在写出主谓不一致的句子之时根本没有意识到写出来的这句话是错误的。 造成这种悲剧的原因及主要对策主要可以归结为以下三点： 　　第一，英汉两种语言的思维差异造成英语学习过程中的“无语法意识”或是“语法意识淡漠”的现象。这种不重视英语语法体系的习惯必然会导致“单词大联盟”（将单词按照汉语语序堆砌起来）的局面。严格地说，汉语的语法与其说是“规则”不如说是“词汇”。无论什么样的语法，词以及词在句子中的位置就能反映出来。而且，从汉字本身来看，每个字的形状都是固定的，既不能加圈，也不能少点儿。而英语就大不一样， 每个单词里所包含的字母及其顺序在单词表或是字典的词条中是一定的，一旦放到句子当中一系列的规则就能够左右它最终的面貌。就拿中国人最喜欢的一句话：“你吃了吗？”来说，只要曾经学过：“你、吃、了、吗”这几个汉字，再把它们按正确的顺序放在一起就是一句话。但是如果换成英语的话，“吃”和“你”之间的关系；“了”对应的时态；“吗”代表的疑问句语序都是值得我们考虑的。所以，习惯了汉语的随意风格，写英语句子必然会忽视“语法”这一说。“主谓一致”必然会被忽视。 　　因此，重视英汉两种语言形式上的差异，不断提醒自己语法规则在汉英转换当中的作用是解决主谓一致问题的根本。 　　第二，复杂结构和长主语的干扰作用。句子的结构一旦复杂，构成主语的单词一多，写谓语的时候主语就很容易被忽视而造成主谓不一致的现象。 　　首先，这里指的复杂结构是指几个会将主谓隔开的特殊结构。例如：插入成分，定于从句，同谓语或同谓于从句。在写作的过程当中，每每遇到以上几种情况的时候，回眸重新找主语是必须的工作。例如： Thomas Edison, one of the most distinguished scientists, is a brilliant inventor. 这里在写完第二个逗号的时候，就应该回过头来看看原始主语，而不能被插入成分中的scientists所蒙蔽。所以，每当遇到谓语时，重新审视主语是很重要的。 　　其次，能够对主谓一致产生阻碍最用的长主语主要是指以下两种： 　　1．主语后带“of\in 介词短语修饰”。Of 的出现就会导致谓语遇到的最近的一个名词不是of 之前真正的主语。例如：The most favorable food of those boring people is stake. 这里，谓语is 是food 而不是of 之后的people 所决定的are. 　　2．主语后带定于从句。定语从句出现在主语修饰语中一方面造成了主语和谓语间隔距离太远， 另一方面也使得主语既长又复杂。如此，双管齐下谓语要想和主语一致就难上加难了。例如：The idea which used to solve many emergent cases has been proved to be impractical nowadays. 显然，has 之前的定语从句对谓语的选择造成了极大的阻碍。 　　第三，对主谓一致的特殊规则了解不够透彻。一些主谓一致的原则是无法用语法 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 来解释的，而是要借助于一些“惯例”。这些惯例通常又都是一些“特例”。所以，有必要熟记一些特定的语法规则。例如： 　　1．表示数目、时间、重量、距离等的复数名词作主语，若表示一个整体，其后动词用单数；若表示的是单个个体，其后动词则用单数。 　　2．当主语为：“分数或百分数+of+名词”时，动词形式依照of 后面的单复数形式来决定。 　　3．带none 的词组做主语时，其后动词单复数形式都可以用。 　　4．Neither…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…的谓语采用就近原则，即和后面一部分所跟的名词决定。