环境保护 生物多样性 the biological deversity 气温变化 temperature variations 城市化 urbanization 太阳黑子 sunspot 太空垃圾 space trash 土壤侵蚀 soil erosion 污水处理 sewage disposal 能见度 visibility 杀虫剂 pesticide 水库 reservoir 回收 recycle 可再生资源 renewable resources 害虫 pest 发电站 power plant 熔岩 lava 沼泽 marsh 碳氢化合物 hydrocarbon 渗透 infiltration 森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate 赤道 equator 灭绝物种 extinct species 泥石流 debris flow 海岸线 coast line 清洁能源 clean energy 死亡人数 death toll 分解 decomposition 对流 convection 海拔 altitude 干旱的 arid 生物圈 biosphere 人工降雨 artificial rain 农业 agriculture 生态系统 ecosystem 食草动物 herbivore 地面塌陷 ground depression 年平均气温 mean annual temperatures 自然灾害 natural disasters 中暑 insolation 入海口 mouth 噪音污染 noise pollution 洋流 ocean currents 放射性物质 radioactive materials 地震 earthquake 火山爆发 volcanic eruption 死火山 extinct volcano 休眠火山 dormant volcano 蒸发 vapor 防护林 shelterbelt 有毒化学物质 toxic chemicals 热带雨林 rainforest 热带风暴 tropical storm 城市垃圾 urban refuse 无铅汽油 unleaded gas 残余物 residue 释放 release 保护自然栖息地 protect natural habitats 淡水资源 freshwater resource 积雪 firn 冰河时期 ice age 里氏 Richter Scale 世界环境日 World Environment Day(June 5) 动物学 zoology 分水岭 watershed 废物处理 waste disposal 沼气 marsh gas,methane 地中海的 Mediterranean 霉菌 mold 温泉 hotspring 草地 grassland 温带气候 temperate 大陆气候 Continental climate 暧温带 the warm temperature zone 亚热带气候的 sub-tropical 高原气候 plateau 海洋性气候 Maritime 赤道气候 Equatorial 高山气候 Mountains 寒温带 the cool temperature zone 环保产品 environment-friendly products 白色污染 white pullution 综合整治 comprehensive improvement 三峡工程 Three Gorges Project 天然牧场 natural grazing ground 青藏高原 Qinghai-Tibet plateau 绿色能源 green energy resources 资源消耗 resource degradation 污染指数 pollution index 气象学 meteorology 珍稀濒危物种 rare or endangered species 雾 fog 冰雹 hail 雷 thunder 霜 frost 季风 monsoon 生活污水 domestice sewage 无公害蔬菜 green vegetable 环保意识 environmental awareness 闪电 lightning 天气预报 weather forecast 雪崩 avalanche 海市蜃楼 mirage 虹 rainbow 风级 wind scale 风力 wind force 风带 wind belt 阵风 gust 信风 trade winds 旋风 whirlwind 大风 gale 海风 sea breeze 气压表 barometer 气团 air mass 相对湿度 relative humidity 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 渔业资源 fishing resources 厄尔尼诺效应 El-Nino effect 海藻 seaweed 放射性衰变 radioactive decay 生态农业 eco-agriculture 悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles 环境恶化 environmental degradation 气象台 meteorological observatory 温度表 thermometer 风向标 wind vane 同步气象卫星 synchronous meteorological satellite 阴天 overcast 转晴 clear up 1.我们必须加强对耕地、水、树林、草原、矿产、海洋、生物等资源的管理和保护,实行资源有偿使用
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,促进资源的节约与合理利用。我们要严格控制和治理污染,加快重点地区和重点流域污染的治理,公布大城市环境质量监测指标。 We must tighten ontrol over and protection of arable land,water,forests,grasslands,and mineral,sea and biological resources.We should institute a system of paid use.We should stictly deal with and control pullution and speed up pollution treatment in major regions and river valleys.We should publish standards for mnitoring environmental equality in large cities. 2.我们必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系,合理开发和综合利用资源。我们要努力保护和改善生态环境,使经济发展既满足当代人的需要,又造福于子孙后代。 We must correctly handle the ralationships between economic development on the one hand,and population growth,natural resources consumption and the environmental protection on the other.We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner.We should do our best to protect and improve our ecological environment,so as to ensoure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation,but benefit future generations. 3.几个世纪以来,人类为了获得木材一直无情地砍伐树木,直到现在,原始森林几乎所剩无几。几年前在中国发生的20世纪最大的洪水表明,破坏森林是这场灾难的主要原因。原始森林能充当我们的保护者,成为我们的工厂和朋友。 For centuries,man has been mercilessly cutting trees for wood until few virgin torests are left.The biggest floods of the 20th century,which occurred a few years ago in China,showed that destruction of forest is mainly responsible for disaster.Virgin forests can be our guardians,our factories,and friends. 4.人们通过气体和烟雾污浊空气,用化学物质以及其它物质污染水质,还用大量的化肥及杀虫剂破坏土壤。 Man dirties the air with gases and smoke,poisons the water with chemicals and other substances and damages the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides. 5.环境污染是当今人们所面临的一个非常严重的问题。被严重污染的空气将引起各种疾病,甚至死亡。被污染的水源能引起鱼类以及其它海洋生物的死亡,被污染的土壤会减少种植农作物的面积。 Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today.Badly polluted air can cause illness,and even death.Polluted water kills fish and other marine life.Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land available for growing food. 6.水污染使得我们用来饮用和清洗的纯净新鲜的水资源不断减少,用于游泳、垂钓的水源也在减少。水的污染源主要来自工业、农场以及排水系统。工业废物每年数以千万吨计地被倾倒水中。 Water pullution reduces the amount of pure,fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning,and for such activities as swimming and fishing.The pullutants that affect water come mainly from industries,farm,and sewerage systems.Industries dump millions of tons of waste products into bodies of water each year. 7.同种程度的污染对不同的人影响也不同,一些空气污染对于一个健康的人只是小烦恼,而对患有肺气肿或呼吸道疾病的人来说却是生死攸关的。 The same level of pollution can also affect two people quite differently-some forms of air pollution might be a slight annoyance to a healthy person but life threatning to someone with emphysema or another respiratory disorder. 8.树木吸收有害的二氧化碳、产生有用的氧气和蛋白质、为野生生物提供食物和栖息场所、保持肥沃的表层土壤。 Trees absorb harmful carbon dioxide,produce valuable oxygen and protein,provide food and shelters for wildlife,and preserve fertile topsoil. 9.树木作为大自然必不可少的一部分,对野生生物是不可缺少的。没有树林,许多野生就会灭绝。 Trees,as essential part of nature,are indispensable to wildlife.Without trees,many species of wildlife may become extinct. 10.总之,森林是我们的守护神,使我们免遭洪灾、旱灾、以及许多其它自然灾害,帮助我们生存下去,促进我们的繁荣昌盛。 To sum up,forests protect us from floods,droughts and many other natural disasters,help us survive and promote our prosperity. 教育 小学 primary/elementary school 初中 junior middle school 高中 senior high school 大专学校 junior college 大学 university 研究生 postgraduate/graduate students 博士 doctor 全体教师 the teaching staff/the faculty 学期 term/semester 高考 university entrance examination 补考 make-up examinations 奖学金 scholarship 学费 tuition 义务教育 compulsory education 理工大学 universities of science and engineering 师范大学 normal university 医科大学 medical university 美术学院 an academy of fine arts 海运大学 maritime institute/university 辍学率 dropout rate 知识产权 intellectual property rights 知识经济 knowledge-based economy 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 物流 logistics 电讯 telecommunications 教学楼 teaching building 多媒体教室 a multimedia room 学分制 credit system 应试教育 examination-oriented education 素质教育 quality-oriented education/education for all-round development 创新精神 creativity/innovation 德智体美劳全面发展all-round development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labour education 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament 世界观、人生观、world outlook,outlook on life and value 价值观 智商 intelligence quotient(IQ) 研究生成绩考试 Graduate Record Examination(GRE) 有识之士 people of vision 职业培训 job training 人才交流 talents exchange 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 1.At the tender age of 13 or 14,children are selected and pushed into examination classes which will effectively decide their futures.年仅十三、四岁的孩子被强迫参加将会决定他们命运的考试。 2.Then,at the age in their lives when most of them are least receptive to learning,they are forced to sit exams where the penalties for failure are as final as death sentence. 之后,就在他们中间的大部分人处于一生中的学习接受能力最糟糕的时候,却被迫参加考试,而对考试失败者的惩罚如同死刑一般,使人永远不得翻身。 3.The system that exists today is certainly harmful to our children and therefore must be changed. 现行的教育制度肯定对我们的孩子有害,所以必须予以改变。 4.Children complain that their classes are boring,their textbooks are boring,and their teachers are boring.However,the voice of the children is rarely heard;and all too often,when they have to write,they simply wirte what they know the teacher wants to read. 孩子们抱怨课程乏味、课本乏味、教师乏味。然而,他们的诉说却几乎无人听见。当他们不得不写些东西时,他们只是迎合教师的口味,写一些教师想看的内容,这种情况已是司空见惯了。 5.For admission to any university degree course,a student has to pass qualifying examinations.In Britain,there are not enough places for all secondary school students,so these qualifying examinations are highly competitive. 要想攻读任何大学学位课程,学生必须通过入学资格考试。由于在英国没有足够的名额让所有中学生进入大学,因此,这些入学考试具有很强的竞争性。 6.欢迎各位参加“对外汉语”学习班。我们很高兴地看到,近年来世界各地学汉语者与日俱增。 Welcome to the Program of “Chinese as a Foreign Language”.We are glad to see that a worldwide interest in Chinese is increasing at an accelerating tempo. 7.对于这门拥有世界上使用人数最多、文学历史最悠久的语言来说,这股学习热潮早该出现了。 Considering that Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world and the greatest time depth in its literature,this interest is long overdue. 8.从某种意义上说,汉语是一种很古老的语言,其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。 In a sense,Chinese is a very old language,with its earliest writings dating back nearly four thousand years. 9.我怀疑孩子在这种强制性的制度下还能学到什么对国家或对他们个人有益的东西。我不相信他们会成为富有创造力的国民。 I doubt that children under this compulsory system will actually learn anything beneficial for the country and for themselves.I don’t believe they will become very creative citizens. 10.美国的MBA模式包括两年的课程。在第一和第二学年之间的暑假里,学生可以进行实习。第一年的必修课开设金融学、市场营销学、综合管理学、运营管理学和会计学等核心商业课程。 The US MBA model consisted of a two-year program.Students were able to take an internship in the summer months between years one and two.In the first year compulsory classes taught core business disciplines such as finance,marketing,general management,operations management and accountancy. 科学技术 研究所 a research institute 人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI) 信息技术 IT(information technology) 高科技园 a high-tech park 硅谷 the Silicon Valley 网络空间 cyberspace 无人、载人宇宙飞船 an unmanned/a manned spaceship 地球同步卫星a geostationary satellite;synchronous satellite 全球卫星定位系统 GPS(global positioning system) 发射运载火箭 launch a carrier rocket 多媒体 multimedia 电话会议 a telephone conference 可回收卫星 retrievable satellite 商业用卫星 satellite for commercial use 无绳电话 cordless phone 来电显示电话机 a caller ID telephone 能上网的手机 a WAP phone 手机 cell phone,mobile phone 寻呼机 pager,beeper 超导体 a superconductor 遗传工程 genetic engineering 分子科学 molecular science 科技含量 technology content 纳米 nanometer 太空生物学 astrobiology 假说 hypothesis 地质学 geology 气象学 meteorology 植物学 botany 微生物学 microbiology 量子力学 quantum mechanics 海洋学 oceanography 生物化学 biochemistry 航天技术 space technology 天文学 astronomy 地震学 seismology 生态学 ecology 环境科学 envionmental science 考古学 archaeology 公式 formula 方程式 equation 定理 theorem 定律 law 生命科学 life science 细胞生物学 cytobiology 仿生学 bionics 生物工程学 bioengineering 转基因食物 genetically modified food(GM food) 胚胎移植 embryonic implantation 无性繁殖 agamogenesis 分子变异 molecular mutations 激光 laser 恒星 star 行星 planet 银河系 the Milky Way Galaxy 九大行星 9 principal planets 彗星 comet 流星 meteor 太阳辐射 solar radiation 太阳黑子 sunspot 万维网 World Wide Web(www) 网民 netizen 内联网 intranet 芯片 chip 因特网 Internet 下载 download 三维图像 3-D image 地球公转 revolution of the Earth 地球自转 rotation of the Earth 盈月 waxing moon 亏月 waning moon 天文台 observatory 射电天文学 radio astronomy 经度 longitude 纬度 latitude 天象馆 planetarium 大气层 atmosphere 臭氧层 the ozone layer 摄氏温度 degrees centigrade(C) 华氏温度 degrees Fahrenheit(F) 虚拟现实 virtual reality 在线服务 on-line service 超文本传送
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hypertext transfer protocol(http) 宽带网技术 broadband technology 主页 homepage 网页 web page 网站 website 界面 interface 网上冲浪 web-surfing 浏览器 browser 计算机辅助设计 CAD(Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助制造CAM(Computer-Aided Manufacturing) 相对论 relativity 神经科医师 neurologist 克隆 clone 信息革命 information revolution 网吧 cybercafe 门户网站 portals 终端机 terminal 电脑病毒 computer viruses 电子商务 e-commerce 黑客 hacker 高保真 Hi-Fi(High Fidelity) 三维动画 three-dimentional animation 网恋 cyber romance 程控电话 program-controlled telephone 试管婴儿 test-tube baby 干细胞 stem cell 卫星导航 satellite navigation 外星人 extraterrestrial being(ET) 外层空间 outer space 认知的 cognitive 理解、感知 perception 大脑皮层 cortex 半球 hemisphere 肌肉的 muscular 优势、统治 dominate 对称的 symmetrical 哺乳动物 mammal 组织 tissue 协调 coordinate 神经中枢 nerve center 头盖骨 brain box 脑干 brain stem 脑细胞 brain cell 神经纤维 nerve fiber 重力 gravity 美国国家航空航天局 NASA 可能性 likelihood 密度 density 1.我们要实施科教兴国的战略。科技进步是经济发展的决定性因素,发展教育是科技进步的基础。世界范围内日趋激烈的经济竞争和综合国力的较量,归根结底是科技和人才的竞争。 We should implement the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education.Science and technological progress is a decisive factor in economic development,and educational development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. 2.美国航天航空局早在生态环境成为众人瞩目的问题之一之前就在切实关注飞机的噪音问题。而且超音速运输工程对噪音问题比对其他任何问题都更为关注。 Long before ecology was in the forefront of many minds,NASA was genuinely eoncentrated about aircraft noise.But the supersonic transport program did more to focus on noise problem than any other single factor. 3.多媒体是计算机和视频技术的结合,实际上它是两个媒体;声音和图象,或者用现在的术语:音频和视频。 Multimedia is the combination of computer and video technology.Multimedia,really just two media:sound and pictures,or in today’s term,audio and video. 4.多媒体个人电脑需要具有比主流电脑更强的能力,多媒体个人电脑决定了主流电脑的发展。区别普通电脑和多媒体电脑的主要东西是声卡和只读光盘驱动器。 Multimdia PC needs to be more powerful than mainstream computer-at least the multimedia PC defines the mainstream.Among contemporary PCs,about the only things that separate an ordinary computer from multimedia are a soundboard and a CD-ROM driver. 5.工业制品都是由原子构成的。原子的组织结构决定了产品的性能。如果我们把碳的原子进行重组,就可以制出钻石。如果把沙的原子结构进行重组,再加上其它几种微量成分,就可以制成电脑芯片。如果把水、土和空气的原子进行重组,我们就可以制出土豆。 Manufactured products are made from atoms.The properties of those products depend on how those atoms are arranged.If we rearrange the atoms in carbon we can make diamond.If we rearrange the atoms in sand(and add a few other trace elements)we can make computer chips.If we rearrange the atoms in dirt,water and air we can make potatoes. 6.克隆是从单亲生物体上提取DNA来制造细胞或完整生命。也就是说克隆生物和它的父代有着相同的DNA。 Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNAfrom a single”parent”.In other words,the clone has the same DNA to the parent. 7.在爱丁堡克隆出另一只波利羊体内就加入了一种人类基因。从它的羊奶里将可以提取出用于治疗血友症的血凝素。在实验室里克隆的人体细胞可与人类细胞完全相配,用于治疗外伤或遗传缺陷。 Polly,another sheep clone in Edinburgh has had a human gene inserted so that it produces a blood clotting agent needed by haemophiliacs in its milk.Cloning of human cells in a laboratory could offer perfectly-matched tissue for surgical or genetic repair of humans. 8.网上聊天指的是两个或多个人之间通过计算机来同时进行的文学交流。这种交流是同步的-个人在他的键盘上键入信息,和他聊天的人在其电脑屏幕上看见信息后便可以马上回复。 Online chat refers to the simultaneous text communication between two or more people via computer.It is synchronous-one person types a message on his keyboard,and the people with whom he is chatting see the message appear on their monitors and respond almost immediately. 9.网络聊天也在其特定的专业术语。它们容易键入,使交流更快速。经常上网聊天的人使用缩略语,例如BRB意思是“马上回来”,IMHO是指“依本人之拙见”。 Chat has its own jargon.They are easy to type and make the communication more efficient.People who chat commonly use abbrevaiations.BRB,for example,means”be right back”.IMHO means “in my humble opinion”. 10. 数年前还鲜为人知的电子网络产业,时至今日已成为一个国家国民生活的重要组成部分。越来越多的网民使用人们所知道的“信息高速公路”。 The eletronic network industry,which was virtually unknown years ago,has become an vital part of a country’s national life.An increasing polulation of netizens make use of what is popularly known as the “information superhighway”. 11. 信息高速公路是一种大规模的全国范围,甚至全球范围电子通信网络系统,它集光纤电缆高速电路、金属电缆中低速电路和无线电传播于一体,可以传送任何形式的记录信息。 Information superhighway is a large-scale nationwide,or worldwide,electronic communications network system that combines high-speed channels of optical fiber cable,intermediate andlow speed channels of metal cables and wireless transmission,capable of transmitting just about any form of recorded data. 12. 用户主要在当地“因特网”服务点会费入网,便可在电脑终端机上获取有关时事、教育、科研、金融、医疗保健、气象、娱乐、购物等内容的信息。电子网络产业已经极大地改变并将继续改变我们的生活。 By subscribing to a local Internet service,a user can obtain information from the computer terminal,including information about current events,education,science reserch,finance,medical care,weather,entertainment and shopping.The electronic network industry has dramatically changed,and will continue to change,the way we live. 13. 信息技术正在从根本上改变着世界、改变着人们的居住、工作、管理和交际方式。在进入21世纪之际,全球信息革命已不是一种遥远的展望,而是一种迫近的现实。 Information technologies are fundamentally transforming the world in which people live,work,govern,and communicate.On the threshold of the 21st century,the global information revolution has become more of an imminent reality than a remote vision. 社会生活 平均寿命、平均预期寿命 the average life span/the average life expectancy 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口负增长 negative population growth 电视连续剧 a TV series 新闻节目主持人anchorperson,anchorman,anchorwoman 电视台主持人 host;hostess 礼仪小姐 ritual girl 义演 benefit/charity performance 娱乐总汇 an entertainment center 美容院 a beauty salon 按摩院 a massage parlor 桑拿浴 a sauna 追星族 celebrity worshipper 时装表演 a fasion show 保健食品 health-care food 健身运动 body-building exercises;fitness exercises 健身娱乐设施 fitness and entertainment facilities 健美热 the beauty craze 发烧友 fans;addicts;fanciers;zealots 脱口秀 a talk show 整容 a plastic surgery 音像制品 audio and video tapes and disks 隐形眼镜 contact lenses 选美比赛 beauty contest 香港小姐 Miss Hong Kong 自选商店 self-service shops 美食节 gourmet festival 烹饪艺术 the culinary art 绿色食品 green food 软饮料 soft drinks 方便面 fast-cooking spaghetti/instant noodles 黑匣子 black box 庙会 temple fair 集体婚礼 a group wedding ceremony 婚外恋 extramarital relations/affair 第三者 the third party;the third person 早恋 puppy love;calf love;cub love 养老院 a nursing home for the aged 独生子女 the only child 安乐死 euthanasia;mercy-killing 同性恋男子、女子 gay,lesbian 流动人口 transient/floating/flowing population 单亲家庭 single-parent family 挂历 wall calendar 跳槽 job-hopping 民工rural labors;migratory workers from the countryside 人际关系 interpersonal relations 家教 home tutor 身份证 the citizen